原郵件內(nèi)容小班課件parall筆記版

1、 Waste Less. Learn More.ParallelismParallelism Waste Less. Learn More.做題步驟做題步驟I. 通讀全句通讀全句 （劃線部分的重要性？（劃線部分的重要性？VS. 未劃線部分的重要性）未劃線部分的重要性）II. A選項(xiàng)有非常明顯的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)有非常明顯的錯(cuò)誤 A選項(xiàng)無(wú)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)無(wú)錯(cuò)誤A選項(xiàng)很奇怪，但是不確定錯(cuò)誤在哪里選項(xiàng)很奇怪，但是不確定錯(cuò)誤在哪里67. Some anthropologists believe that the genetic homogeneity evident in the worlds people is th

2、e result of a “population bottleneck”at some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event, greatly reducing their numbers and thus our genetic variation. (A) at some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event, greatly reducing their numbers (B) that at some time in the past our ancestors s

3、uffered an event that greatly reduced their numbers (C) that some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event so that their numbers were greatly reduced, (D) some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event from which their numbers were greatly reduced (E) some time in the past, that our a

4、ncestors suffered an event so as to reduce their numbers greatly, Waste Less. Learn More.語(yǔ)意 (Meaning)語(yǔ)法 (Grammar)決定決定改變改變 Waste Less. Learn More.平行的標(biāo)志詞平行的標(biāo)志詞平行的標(biāo)志詞：and / both and / Or / Either. Or / Not But / Not only But also / Rather than / From to 常見(jiàn)的平行習(xí)語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤有：both in addition to / both as well / b

5、oth. and also 最常見(jiàn)的平行標(biāo)志詞：and, but, or Waste Less. Learn More.both的正確使用（表示“兩者都”）：102. Thelonious Monk, who was a jazz pianist and composer, produced a body of work both rooted in the stride-piano tradition of Willie (The Lion) Smith and Duke Ellington, yet in many ways he stood apart from the mainstre

6、am jazz repertory. (A) Thelonious Monk, who was a jazz pianist and composer, produced a body of work both rooted (B) Thelonious Monk, the jazz pianist and composer, produced a body of work that was rooted both (C) Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk, who produced a body of work rooted (D) Jazz

7、 pianist and composer Thelonious Monk produced a body of work that was rooted (E) Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk produced a body of work rooted both Waste Less. Learn More.not only but also的正確使用（self-reinforcement）120. The largest of all the planets, not only is Jupiter three times so mas

8、sive as Saturn, the next larger planet, but also possesses four of the largest satellites, or moons, in our solar system. (A) not only is Jupiter three times so massive as Saturn, the next larger (B) not only is Jupiter three times as massive as Saturn, the next largest (C) Jupiter, not only three t

9、imes as massive as Saturn, the next largest (D) Jupiter not only is three times as massive as Saturn, the next largest (E) Jupiter is not only three times so massive as Saturn, the next larger Waste Less. Learn More.but also的單獨(dú)使用（表示轉(zhuǎn)折）；not only不能單獨(dú)使用33. Bengal-born writer, philosopher, and educator

10、Rabindranath Tagore had the greatest admiration for Mohandas K. Gandhi the person and also as a politician, but Tagore had been skeptical of Gandhis form of nationalism and his conservative opinions about Indias cultural traditions. (A) for Mohandas K. Gandhi the person and also as a politician, but

11、 Tagore had been (B) for Mohandas K. Gandhi as a person and as a politician, but Tagore was also (C) for Mohandas K. Gandhi not only as a person and as a politician, but Tagore was also (D) of Mohandas K. Gandhi as a person and as also a politician, but Tagore was (E) of Mohandas K. Gandhi not only

12、as a person and as a politician, but Tagore had also been Waste Less. Learn More.課堂練習(xí)：197. (31514-!-item-!-188;#058&005971) (GWD-8-Q20)Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive hous

13、es and furniture, but it also caused erosion and very quickly deforested whole regions. A. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumersrelatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also B. Not only did the

14、 systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast), which gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also C. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States, creating farmland (especially in the Northeast) and giving consum

15、ers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also D. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States created farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also E. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States n

16、ot only created farmland (especially in the Northeast), giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it Waste Less. Learn More. 不要把自己局限在平行的標(biāo)志詞上面不要把自己局限在平行的標(biāo)志詞上面122. Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can qui

17、ckly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medicine, archaeology, and criminology. (A) Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in alm

18、ost any substance without destroying it, (B) Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, having the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission (C) A technique originally developed for detecting air p

19、ollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, (D) A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which has the ability to analyze the chemical eleme

20、nts in almost any substance quickly and without destroying it,(E) A technique that was originally developed for detecting air pollutants and has the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance quickly and without destroying the substance, called proton-induced X-ray emission,分析三

21、個(gè)修飾分析三個(gè)修飾technique的對(duì)象，功能的對(duì)象，功能 & 目的相同目的相同，就需要平行。，就需要平行。 Waste Less. Learn More.38. There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensively used method has been the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, the

22、y are laid in the wall in mud mortar. (A) the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid (B) forming the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them (C) having bricks formed from mud or clay

23、, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they were laid (D) to form the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them (E) that bricks were formed from mud or clay, which, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, were laid Waste Less

24、. Learn More. 我們要求的平行并不是說(shuō)每一個(gè)單詞都要平行，而是希望重點(diǎn)詞匯平行E.g. low salary, poor working environments, and lack of creativity 平行里面的時(shí)態(tài)不一定是需要一致的，要通過(guò)句意分析。E.g. I study very hard, and will graduate in the coming days. Waste Less. Learn More.32. The widely accepted big bang theory holds that the universe began in an ex

25、plosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding ever since. (A) that the universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding (B) that the universe had begun in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and had been expanding

26、 (C) that the beginning of the universe was an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that has expanded (D) the beginning of the universe to have been an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that is expanding (E) the universe to have begun in an explosive instant ten to twent

27、y billion years ago and has been expanding Waste Less. Learn More.30. In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the ston

28、e was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls. (A) due to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such levels so that salt from the stone was crystallizing (B) due to moisture that tourists had exhaled, thereby raising its humidity to such levels that salt from the stone

29、 would crystallize (C) because tourists were exhaling moisture, which had raised the humidity within them to levels such that salt from the stone would crystallize (D) because of moisture that was exhaled by tourists raising the humidity within them to levels so high as to make the salt from the sto

30、ne crystallize (E) because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that salt from the stone was crystallizing Waste Less. Learn More.232.(26912-!-item-!-188;#058&002054)(GWD-4-17)Although the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants acros

31、s the country and its sales have increased dramatically, its sales at restaurants open for more than a year have declined. A. the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales have increased dramatically, its B. the restaurant company has recently added

32、many new restaurants across the country and its sales increased dramatically, its C. many new restaurants have recently been opened across the country and its sales increased dramatically, the restaurant companys D. having recently added many new restaurants across the country and with its sales inc

33、reasing dramatically, the restaurant companys E. recently adding many new restaurants across the country and having its sales increase dramatically, the restaurant companys課堂練習(xí)課堂練習(xí)根據(jù)句意分析根據(jù)句意分析have declined和和have increased時(shí)態(tài)需一致時(shí)態(tài)需一致 Waste Less. Learn More.Due to vs. Because of vs. Because vs. in that

34、I.Due to放在句首作為opening modifierII.相同點(diǎn)：because of / due to + noun不同點(diǎn)：Due to只能修飾前面的名詞。E.g. I am late due to the traffic jam（）My lateness was due to the traffic jam （）Because of可以修飾前面一整個(gè)句子。E.g. I am late because of traffic jam（） Waste Less. Learn More.III. because of vs. because的區(qū)別僅在于noun vs. clauseI li

35、ke swimming because of strengthening my body（）I like swimming because it strengthens my body（） More.Because of + verbing Verbing理解為名詞時(shí)？Verbing理解為動(dòng)詞時(shí)？ Waste Less. Learn More.57. Because an oversupply of computer chips has sent prices plunging, the manufacturer has announced that it will cut productio

36、n by closing its factories for two days a month. (A) Because an oversupply of computer chips has sent prices plunging, (B) Because of plunging prices for computer chips, which is due to an oversupply, (C) Because computer chip prices have been sent plunging, which resulted from an oversupply, (D) Du

37、e to plunging computer chip prices from an oversupply, (E) Due to an oversupply, with the result that computer chip prices have been sent plunging,考慮邏輯意思是否合理？考慮邏輯意思是否合理？ Waste Less. Learn More.noun vs clause的區(qū)別48. Digging in sediments in northern China, evidence has been gathered by scientists sugge

38、sting that complex life-forms emerged much earlier than they had previously thought. (A) evidence has been gathered by scientists suggesting that complex life-forms emerged much earlier than they had (B) evidence gathered by scientists suggests a much earlier emergence of complex life-forms than had

39、 been (C) scientists have gathered evidence suggesting that complex life-forms emerged much earlier than (D) scientists have gathered evidence that suggests a much earlier emergence of complex life-forms than that which was (E) scientists have gathered evidence which suggests a much earlier emergenc

40、e of complex life-forms than that Waste Less. Learn More.165. (33893-!-item-!-188;#058&007190)Due to poaching and increased cultivation in their native habitats, researchers have determined that there are fewer than 100 Arabian leopards left in the wild, and that these leopards are thus many tim

41、es as rare as Chinas giant pandas. (A) Due to poaching and increased cultivation in their native habitats, researchers have determined that there are fewer than 100 Arabian leopards left in the wild, and that these leopards are thus many times as rare as (B) Due to poaching and increased cultivation

42、 in their native habitats, there are fewer than 100 Arabian leopards left in the wild, researchers have determined, making them many times more rare than (C) There are fewer than 100 Arabian leopards left in the wild due to poaching and increased cultivation in their native habitats, researchers hav

43、e determined, which makes the leopards many times more rare compared to (D) Researchers have determined that, because of being poached and increased cultivation in their native habitats, there are fewer than 100 Arabian leopards left in the wild, thus making them many more times as rare as (E) Resea

44、rchers have determined that, because of poaching and increased cultivation in their native habitats, there are fewer than 100 Arabian leopards left in the wild, and that these leopards are thus many times more rare than考慮邏輯意思！考慮邏輯意思！此處此處平行錯(cuò)誤怎么理解？平行錯(cuò)誤怎么理解？ Waste Less. Learn More.Because / for / since

45、和in that的區(qū)別 In that表示的是一個(gè)限制性的說(shuō)明X是一個(gè)比較大比較general的類目，in that Y把這個(gè)比較大或者general的類目縮小了范圍。 E.g. Joe is a typical teenager in that he likes to watch a great deal of television.()Joe is a typical teenager because/for he likes to watch a great deal of television. () Waste Less. Learn More.103.(29869-!-item-!

46、-188;#058&004446)The parachute-like membranes of Africas scaly-tailed flying squirrels differ from those of the flying squirrels in the family Sciuridae because they are attached to a cartilage rod at the elbow instead of the wrist. (A) because they are attached to a cartilage rod at the elbow i

47、nstead of (B) because of being attached to a cartilage rod at the elbow rather than at (C) in their attachment to a cartilage rod at the elbow instead of being attached at (D) in that they are attached to a cartilage rod at the elbow rather than at (E) in their being attached to a cartilage rod at t

48、he elbow instead of Waste Less. Learn More.104.(29915-!-item-!-188;#058&004465)The yield per acre of coffee berries varies enormously in that a single tree, depending on both its size and on climate and altitude, could produce enough berries to make between one and twelve pounds of dried beans a

49、 year. (A) enormously in that a single tree, depending on both its size and on climate and altitude, could produce (B) enormously in that a single tree, dependent on its size and also on climate and altitude, is able to produce (C) enormously, because a single tree, depending on its size and on clim

50、ate and altitude, is able to produce (D) enormously, because a single tree, being dependent on its size, climate, and altitude, is capable of producing (E) enormously, because a single tree, dependent both on its size as well as on climate and altitude, could produce Waste Less. Learn More.平行中的省略I.

51、在平行的最后一個(gè)元素一定要加andII.兩者平行 第二個(gè)元素可省/可不省I was smiling and (was) laughing.He is expected to finish the degree and (to) earn a job. III.三者平行要么所有元素都不省略，要么只補(bǔ)出第一個(gè)。to do, to do and to do（）to do, do and do （）to do, to do and do（）to do, do and to do （） IIII. be動(dòng)詞功能不同，不能省略。I was doing homework and watching TV. （

52、） be動(dòng)詞都是進(jìn)行的一部分。I was a student and watching TV. () Waste Less. Learn More.OG15#119題119. George Sand (Aurore Lucile Dupin) was one of the first European writers to consider the rural poor to be legitimate subjects for literature and portray these with sympathy and respect in her novels. (A) to be leg

53、itimate subjects for literature and portray these (B) should be legitimate subjects for literature and portray these (C) as being legitimate subjects for literature and portraying them (D) as if they were legitimate subjects for literature and portray them (E) legitimate subjects for literature and

54、to portray them僅用僅用parallelism可以排除掉什么選項(xiàng)？可以排除掉什么選項(xiàng)？ Waste Less. Learn More.OG15#108題108. Authoritative parents are more likely than permissive parents to have children who as adolescents are self-confident, high in self-esteem, and responsibly independent. (A) Authoritative parents are more likely th

55、an permissive parents to have children who as adolescents are self-confident, high in self-esteem, and responsibly independent. (B) Authoritative parents who are more likely than permissive parents to have adolescent children that are self-confident, high in self-esteem, and responsibly independent.

56、 (C) Children of authoritative parents, rather than permissive parents, are the more likely to be self-confident, have a high self-esteem, and to be responsibly independent as adolescents. (D) Children whose parents are authoritative rather than being permissive, are more likely to have self-confide

57、nce, a high self-esteem, and be responsibly independent when they are an adolescent. (E) Rather than permissive parents, the children of authoritative parents are the more likely to have self-confidence, a high self-esteem, and to be responsibly independent as an adolescent. Waste Less. Learn More.O

58、G15#134題134. Recently implemented “shift-work equations” based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries. (A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised (B) fatigue among

59、shift workers, and raised (C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising (D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised (E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising三者平行中最后一個(gè)元素前需要添加？三者平行中最后一個(gè)元素前需要添加？ Waste Less. Learn More.254.(27207-!-item-!-188;#058&002302) (GWD-29-Q36)

60、Section 301 of the 1988 Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act enables the United States Trade Representative to single out a country as an unfair trader, begin trade negotiations with that country, and, if the negotiations do not conclude by the United States governments being satisfied, to impose sanctions.A. by the United States