語法專題被動語態(tài)無答案

1、被動語態(tài)Step 1語態(tài)概述1. 語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，表示句子之中主語和謂語動詞的關(guān)系。英語有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài) I eat apples.Apples are eaten by me 2. 主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的發(fā)出者（或執(zhí)行者）.eg：Many people speak English.謂語：speak的動作是由主語many people來執(zhí)行的。3. 被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。eg：English is spoken by many people.主語English是動詞speak的承受者。Step 2 定義被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be及物動詞的

2、過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。(被動語態(tài)的否定式和疑問式均由助動詞或第一個助動詞構(gòu)成。)例：They will build a new bridge over the river. (主動) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被動) Step 3 各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成1.一般現(xiàn)在時：_例：I'm asked to take care of myself.  Football is played all over the world2.一般過去時：_例：This house was bui

3、lt in 1958.   His leg was broken in an accident.3.一般將來時：_例：More factories will be built in our city.   He will be taken to hospital tomorrow. 4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：_例:  A road is being built around the mountain.  Many new houses are being built in this city5.過去進(jìn)行時：_例：The meeting was being held

4、 when I was there.   We were being trained this time last year. 6.現(xiàn)在完成時：_例：The prices of many goods have been cut again . 7.過去完成時：_例：A new school had been set up by the end of last year.  8.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：_例：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.典例精講：豆豆的故事遙遠(yuǎn)的小島上，住著一個倒霉蛋，它叫豆豆，那里的人

5、只有三件事要忙，吃飯，睡覺，打豆豆。它總是被打，還不知道是誰打的。Doudou is always beaten by someone.昨天晚上 ，夜黑風(fēng)高，它又被打了。 Doudou _ yesterday evening.明天，豆豆還會面臨n頓暴打，可憐的豆豆啊。 Tomorrow , Doudou _ several times .可憐的豆豆，已經(jīng)被這樣打了很多年。命運一直沒有改變。Poor Doudou _ for many years. 我們親愛的豆豆現(xiàn)在在干嘛，不用問，一定是正在被打。 Our dear Doudou _ now .隨時可能被打的豆豆啊，誰來救救它啊。 Poor D

6、oudou _ anytime .Step 3 被動語態(tài)的基本用法一般來說，在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪校苡弥鲃诱Z態(tài)的時候就盡量不去用被動語態(tài)。只有在下列情況中我們才用被動語態(tài)：1. 不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。例：1).Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。2).This bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。3).The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打2. 沒不要說出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。例：1).The

7、time-table has been changed .時間表已變動了 2).China was founded in 1949.3. 不愿意說出動作的執(zhí)行者，其目的是為了使語言得體、圓滑等。在這種情況下，有時常用一些句式，如：It is said that（據(jù)說）It is reported that "（據(jù)報道），It is well known that （眾所周知 ）It is supposed that（據(jù)推測說 ） ，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is thought that大家認(rèn)為，It is sug

8、gested that據(jù)建議等等。例：1.It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner.據(jù)說她要嫁給一個外國人。2.It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。例：1).The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。2).his book was written by him.這本書

9、是他寫的。3).Your homework must be finished on time.你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時完成。典例精講:填空（完成被動語態(tài)填空）1. They often clean their classroom after school . Their classroom _ often _ by them after school. 2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week . 3. A lot of people in China can speak English now

10、.    English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now. 4. I have learned English for about two years. English _ _ _ for about two years5. They will publish these story-books next month.These story-books _ _ _ next month. Step 3 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。2.把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)(be過去分詞) (根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱

11、和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定be的形式)。3.把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。He plant trees in spring .Trees are planted in spring by him .記憶口訣：主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)口訣：賓語提前主語變，原主變賓by后見，時態(tài)人稱be關(guān)鍵。例：All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory._He cut down a tree. _被動語態(tài)中“by+賓語”的

12、省略：被動語態(tài)句式中的“by+賓語”表示及物動詞所表示動作的執(zhí)行者，但是在遇到以下情況時，表示動作執(zhí)行者“by+賓語”常常被省略。1. 動作執(zhí)行者不確定時例：1. Paper is made from wood . 2.Many people are killed in traffic accidents every day .2. 不必表明動作執(zhí)行者時例：1.English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languages . 2.Football is played in most

13、school .3. 動作執(zhí)行者為一般大眾時.例：1.Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area . 2.He is made the monitor of the class today .Step 4 語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時所注意的問題1. 把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。 例：We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正確) A new computer have been bought. (錯誤

14、) 2. 當(dāng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+謂語+賓語（唯一賓語）”時，把賓語提到句首做主語，然后把謂語改成被動語態(tài)形式，最后把原主語變?yōu)橘e格至于介詞by之后。實際運用中by短語常被省略。例：1.We finish our homework in the evening.2.Our homework is finished in the evening.3. 當(dāng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+謂語+間接賓語(表示人的)+直接賓語（表示物的）”時，一般把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，而直接賓語不變，這樣句子顯得自然些。如果把直接賓語作為主語，那么在間接賓語前應(yīng)加介詞to或for.例：1.She sent me a novel on m

15、y birthday. (主動) I was sent a novel on my birthday. (被動)A novel was sent to me on my birthday. (被動)2.My brother bought me a watch yesterday. (主動) I was bought a watch yesterday. (被動)A watch was bought for me by my brother yesterday.(被動)4. 當(dāng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語”把主動態(tài)變成被動態(tài)時，只需將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)句子的主語，而原句里的賓

16、語補足語現(xiàn)在就變成被動態(tài)句子的"主語補足語"了例：1. They asked me to help them.I was asked to help them. 2. Now people can use computers to help them.Computers can be used to help them .3.We must keep the room clean . The room must be kept clean .4.We saw them coming over. They were seen coming over. 典例精講： 用

17、適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁? History is _ by the people. ( make)2 He is often _ to do the work by the teacher. (ask)3 The book _ by him last year. ( write )4 The

18、0;radio _ last week. ( mend)5 Some trees _ on the hill this spring. (plant)6 A new subway _ (build) next year.7 She _ (take) to the hospital already.8 Thou

19、sands of satellites _ (send) up into the space so far.9 They said they _ (invite) to the party already.10 The trains _( produce) in Zhuzhou.Step 4不可用于被動語態(tài)的情況第一、謂語是及物動詞leave, e

20、nter, reach等。 例：He entered the room and got his book. 誤：The room was entered and his book was got. 第二、一些不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：take place等。 例：The fire broke out in the capital building. 誤：The fire was broke out in the capital building. 第三、不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。 例：When we got to

21、the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 誤：The sun had already been risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained. 誤：After the earthquake, few houses were remained. Step 5主動形式被動含義在英語中，主動意義用主動語態(tài)表示，被動意義用被動語態(tài)表示。但在以下幾種情況下，被動意義卻用主動語態(tài)來表示：一少數(shù)動詞，既可作及物動詞，也可作不及物動詞。當(dāng)它們作不及物動詞且用來表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能時，可用一般時態(tài)

22、的主動形式表示被動意義，其主語大多為事物。常見的有：sell(“銷售好)”read(好讀”)，write(“好寫”)，wash(“耐洗”)，wear(“耐穿)，last，tear,lock ,count ,open ,teach ,drive ,take 等、   例：1). The tickets cost too much and sold badly.這些票太貴了，銷路不好。2). Can you lend me your pen? Your pen writes better你能把你的鋼筆借給我嗎?你的鋼筆更好寫。3).The pen writes wel

23、l. 這筆好寫。4).The door wont open. 門開不下來。5).The clothes wash easily.  這衣服很好洗。6). The door won't open. 這門打不開。注意：這類動詞的主動形式表示被動意義有三個明顯特征1).與not，hardly等否定意義的詞連用.2).常與副詞well, easily, badly ,poorly ,nicely ,fast ,smoothly ,等連用表示效果或程度。3).句中的主語是謂語動詞的承受者。2 某些表示感覺，狀態(tài)，特征的系動詞，如feel, look, sound,

24、smell, taste 等系動詞，用主動形式表達(dá)被動意義，主語是物。 例：1.The cloth feels soft. 這布料摸起來很軟。 2.His cake tastes good. 他的蛋糕味道很好。 3.Good medicine tastes bitter.  良藥苦口3 動詞need, want, require等表示“需要”或“應(yīng)該”的意義時， 后用動詞ing的主動式或動詞不定式被動形式表示變動意義.。例：1).The floor needs sweeping. 地板須拖一下。2).The old bike needs repairing (or

25、: to be repaired). 那輛舊自行車需要修理。 3).Your hair needs cutting你的頭發(fā)需要理了。  4).The wall requires painting這墻壁需要粉刷了。Step 5 Exercise一用動詞 show 的被動語態(tài)填空1). I know a new film_ at the cinema every week2). I know a new film _ at the cinema last week.3). I know a new film _ at the cinema these days.4). I know a

26、new film _ at the cinema at eight last night5). I know a new film _ at the cinema recently6). I know a new film _ at the cinema by the end of last week7). I know a new film _ at the cinema in two days 三、課堂小結(jié)對于本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容，你還記得多少？讓我們來回顧一下。四、中考專題訓(xùn)練(2019湖北咸寧) 33.一What do you think of the latest TV play the N

27、ame of People? 一Its very popular. Millions of families _ by it during that time. A attracted B. are attracted C. were attracted D. were attracting(2019·廣東省)42. The waiter told me that free parking _ for the hotel guests. A. providesB. providedC. will be providedD. was provided (2019·河北) 35

28、. Hangzhou _ as the City of Silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there.A. knows B. is known C. was known D. will be known(2019·甘肅天水)40. The boy was seen _ computer games in the net bar.A. playB. playedC. playingD. to play(2019·四川樂山) 22. Its not your turn yet. Please wait on the chair over

29、 there until you _. A. are calling B. have called C. are called (2019天津) 34. Lets wait and see whether books _ by the Internet in the future. A. replace B. replaced C. will be replaced D. were replaced 42. (2019·安徽)Mr. Green _ to sing an English song at the party and he sang well. A. was invite

30、dB. invitedC. is invitedD. invites37. （2019·湖北隨州） Your bedroom is so clean.Of course. It _ every day.A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned (2019·湖南永州)24. It is said that BRT(快速公交系統(tǒng))_ in Yongzhou soon.A. was usedB. will be used C. is used (2019·湖南岳陽) 29. Teenagers decide fo

31、r themselves.A. may be allowed to B. may are allowed to C. may be allow to (2019湖南株洲) 29. The singer while still at school.A. has discovered B. was discovered C. discovered(2019·江蘇連云港) 11. Why didn't you come to Jennys birthday party yesterday?Because I_.A. didn't inviteB. isnt invitedC

32、. wasnt invitedD. haven't invited (2019江蘇蘇州) 13. Why hasnt Tony come? The invitation letter _ to Toby by accident.A. was emailedB. has emailedC. is emailedD. emailed (2019江蘇鹽城) 8. It is reported that about 120 foreign soccer experts _ to teach soccer school students.A. invite B. invited C. to be invited D. will be invited (2019江西) 35.A babys first month birthday is a special event in China and _with a special par