中考專題英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞have (has) + 動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞注：注：has 用于第三人稱單數(shù)，用于第三人稱單數(shù)，have 用于其他所有人稱。其否定句在用于其他所有人稱。其否定句在Have/has后加后加not. 一般疑問(wèn)句把一般疑問(wèn)句把have/has提到主語(yǔ)前提到主語(yǔ)前. 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞規(guī)則規(guī)則: 不規(guī)則不規(guī)則:1. + ed2. + d3. yi+ ed4. 雙寫(xiě)雙寫(xiě)+ ed2. bring,buy, teach, catch, feel, find, get,have, win, hear, hold, keep, lay, learn, leave,lo

2、se,make, meet, say, sell, sit, sleep, smell,spend, stand, sweep, tell, 1. put, cut, let, hit, hurt, set, read 3. become, come, run, 5.am/is-was-been are-were-been begin-began-begun break-broke-broken do-did-done draw-drew-drawn drink-drank-drunk drive-drove-driven eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen fly-

3、flew-flown forget-forgot-forgotten give-gave-given go-went-gone grow-grew-grown hide-hid-hidden know-knew-known lie-lay-lain ride-rode-ridden ring-rang-rung show-showed-shown see-saw-seen sing-sang-sung speak-spoke-spoken take-took-taken（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的的某一某一動(dòng)作對(duì)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果現(xiàn)在造成的

4、影響或結(jié)果.通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞副詞just, already, before, yet, never, ever等狀語(yǔ)連用等狀語(yǔ)連用.例如：例如： Have you spoken to a foreigner? I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost

5、 my science book. 區(qū)別區(qū)別 he was here just now.（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).可以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在可以和表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(包括現(xiàn)在包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)在內(nèi))的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用. 如：如：for和和since，以及，以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year), these days, in the last ten years 等。等。 I havent s

6、een her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?注意：表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的瞬間動(dòng)詞注意：表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的瞬間動(dòng)詞, 如如come, go, marry, buy, begin borrow, die,等的完成時(shí)不能與等的完成時(shí)不能與for,since等表示一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)連用等表示一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)連用,但但在否定句中可以在否定句中可以

7、. 如果與時(shí)間段連用如果與時(shí)間段連用, 必須變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞必須變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞. I havent heard from you for a long time.His father has died for twenty years. been dead for twenty years.瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換come/go be (in) leave be away borrow keep buy havedie be dead get to know know begin be on go out be offgo out be off arriv

8、e be here/there marry/get married be married begin to work/study/live work/study/leavefall asleep/get to sleep be asleepjoin the Party be in the Party/be a member of延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn),經(jīng)歷經(jīng)歷;瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與時(shí)段連用不能與時(shí)段連用He has completed the work.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 (表結(jié)果表結(jié)果)Ive known him since t

9、hen.我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷表經(jīng)歷)I have come here for two years.She has bought the bike for half a year.Have you borrowed the book for three weeks?延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句,表示表示“做做直到直到 為止為止”, 瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句句,表示表示“直到直到才才”。He didnt come back until ten oclock.他到他到10 點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。He slept until ten oclock.他一直

10、睡到他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。點(diǎn)。I didnt go to bed until mother returned. 我直到媽媽回來(lái)才睡覺(jué)我直到媽媽回來(lái)才睡覺(jué).They will wait for her until she comes back.她們將會(huì)等到她回來(lái)她們將會(huì)等到她回來(lái). been been had had kept kept Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework.If it has stopped snowing in the morning, well go to the park.have been (to)have

11、 gone (to) have / has been (to) 表示表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)曾經(jīng)去過(guò)”某地某地, 說(shuō)話時(shí)此人很可能說(shuō)話時(shí)此人很可能 不在那里不在那里, 已經(jīng)回來(lái)已經(jīng)回來(lái). 側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。have / has gone (to) 表示某人表示某人“已經(jīng)去了已經(jīng)去了”某地某地, 說(shuō)話時(shí)此人說(shuō)話時(shí)此人 在那里，或可能在路上在那里，或可能在路上, 反正不在這里。反正不在這里。have / has been (in) 表示表示“來(lái)來(lái)/去某地去某地(多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)”, 現(xiàn)在仍在現(xiàn)在仍在 那兒，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。那兒，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。 He has been to Beijing (twice). 他

12、曾去過(guò)北京他曾去過(guò)北京(兩次兩次).He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去了北京他已經(jīng)去了北京.He has been in Beijing for three weeks. 他已經(jīng)來(lái)他已經(jīng)來(lái)/去北京三個(gè)去北京三個(gè)周了。周了。1）過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)）過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作動(dòng)作, 不說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在不說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響的影響, 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的影響。強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的影響。2）過(guò)去時(shí)常與表過(guò)去的時(shí)間連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與包括現(xiàn)在的）過(guò)去時(shí)常

13、與表過(guò)去的時(shí)間連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與包括現(xiàn)在的在內(nèi)的時(shí)間連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。在內(nèi)的時(shí)間連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately等。等。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：for, since, so far, ever

14、, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in the past/last five years, already 等不確定的等不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Put the following sentences into English.A: 火車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了火車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了. B: 什么時(shí)候開(kāi)走的什么時(shí)候開(kāi)走的? A: 半個(gè)小時(shí)之前開(kāi)走的半個(gè)小時(shí)之前開(kāi)走的.A: 這本書(shū)我已經(jīng)買了兩年了這本書(shū)我已經(jīng)買了兩年了. B: 你在哪兒買的你在哪兒買的? A: 在我老家買的在我老家買的.A: 你看過(guò)這部電影嗎你看過(guò)這部電影嗎? B: 看過(guò)看過(guò). A: 什么時(shí)候

15、看的什么時(shí)候看的.1. B: 上周星期天看的上周星期天看的.A: The train has left.B: When did it leave.A: It left half an hour ago.A: Ive had the book for two years.B: Where did you buy it?A: I bought it in my hometown.A: have you seen the film?B: Yes, I have.A: When did you see it?B: I saw it last Sunday. I saw this film yester

16、day. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。）（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。） I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） She has returned from Paris.（她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。）（她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回來(lái)了。）（她是昨天回來(lái)了。） He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He joined the League three years ago. (

17、三年前入團(tuán)，三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。為短暫行為。)注意：句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如注意：句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：（錯(cuò)）（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對(duì)）（對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet ；首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣