2011年中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧 精編

閱讀理解解題技巧,閱讀理解是英語能力培養(yǎng)的重點項目，是考試的一個重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀理解考查的根本是檢驗學生對有關(guān)信息的加工能力。閱讀理解能力的重要標志是閱讀速度和理解力的正確率。因此，閱讀理解的功夫應(yīng)下在平時。多分析題型，多了解考點，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。,廣東2007年考題要求考生能讀懂書報雜志中關(guān)于一般性的簡短文段以及公告說明廣告等,并能從中獲取相關(guān)的信息。1理解主旨和要義2理解文中的具體位置3根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義4作出判斷和推理5理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)6理解作者的意圖觀點和態(tài)度,主旨大意型,事實細節(jié)型,詞義猜測型,命題類,推理判斷型,StepTwo:HowtoDealingwiththeProblemsonReadingComprehension,一、主旨大意題（做題要領(lǐng)）,1.干擾項可能屬文中某個具體事實或細節(jié)。,2.干擾項可能屬從文中某些(不完全的)事實或細節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結(jié)論。,3.干擾項可能屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。,(正確答案)是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實或以偏概全。,1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummar-izethemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?6)Whatsthebesttitleforthispassage?,主旨大意題的常見的提問形式:,閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓練,BasicTraining,-主旨大意題,Passage1InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket,Ford,GeneralMotorsandChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.Thefloodofcheaperfor-eigncarshasnotcastAmericanautoworkerstheirjobsassomeexpertspredicted.FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustraliansbiggestemployer.YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforceandemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofaninsatiable(不能滿足的）society.,練習題,細節(jié)題,解釋,Question:WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraphA.GMisoneofthelargestcarproducers.B.FordoperatesnotonlyintheU.S.A.,butalsoinAsia.C.TheforeigncarshavenottakenawaythejobsofAmericanautoworkers.D.ThefloodofthecheaperforeigncarsisterribleforAmericanautoworkers.,文章,解釋,【解析】答案為C。takesth.awayofsb.和castsb.sth.的意思相似。本段落以一、二句引出要表達的主題，在主題句出現(xiàn)后，再舉例子陳述細節(jié)或繼續(xù)論證。尋找主題句往往是做好此類題的關(guān)鍵。每段的主題句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和歸納分析)一般都用來表示一個段落的主旨大意。,文章,文章中心是論點，事實細節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)細節(jié)的問題常對文中某個詞語、某句子、某段落等細節(jié)及事實進行提問，所提問題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。,提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等。,事實細節(jié)型,解題原則：忠實于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。,1）Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3）Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat_.4）Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?,在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實和特定細節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：,閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓練,BasicTraining,-事實細節(jié)型,Q1)_caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35to90.A.55B.175C.325D.275,Q2)WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartabove?A.Achildaged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcaloriesthatababydoes.B.Aboyaged16requiresnearlytwicetheamountofcaloriesthataboyaged8does.C.Anofficeworkerrequiresthesameamountofcaloriesperdayasawomanfeedingababydoes.D.Afarmerrequiresnearly1.5timestheamountofcaloriesthatanofficeworkerdoes.,解釋,文章,Passage2Thehumanbodyisalivingmachine,andlikeallmachines,itneedsfueltosupplyitwithenergy.Thatisthefoodweeat.Buthowmuchdoweneedtostayhealthy?Theenergyvalueoffoodisusuallymeasuredincalories.Acalorieistheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof1kgofwaterby1.Thenumberofcaloriespeopleneedperdayisdifferent,asthechartshows,練習題,解釋,第三節(jié),【解析】答案為D。根據(jù)文章細節(jié)內(nèi)容，計算公式為：(90-35)51=275【解析】答案為C。根據(jù)文章圖表，依次驗證A、B、C、D四個答案的內(nèi)容是否正確。很易找出C符合圖表內(nèi)容。,文章,同義法常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，它們連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進的，由此可以推測。,反義法如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定?？傊~與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。,釋義法對文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號、破折號等標點符號引出并加以解釋說明。,詞義猜測型,情景推斷法、代詞替代法等,判斷詞義,1）文中找線索或信息詞;2)根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意；3）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。,做題要領(lǐng),閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓練,BasicTraining,-詞義猜測型,Q:Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”A.repeatB.reiteratedC.uneducatedD.sickPassage3:MostwomeninGhanatheeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewi-vesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved(應(yīng)得的，值得的).,解釋,第四節(jié),解釋,這段文字中講到加納這個國家中的大多數(shù)婦女，受過教育的（educated）和沒有受過教育的（illiterate）；住在城市的（urban）和住在農(nóng)村的（rural），年輕的（young）和年長的（old）正好是一對對反義詞。因此選C項。,本題答案選C,推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，20個題中常有6-8個，著重考查學生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。,以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點理論（非考生觀點），客觀地對文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。,推理判斷型,透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等。,推理判斷題（做題要領(lǐng)）,既要求學生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點。,推理判斷型常見的命題方式有：Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_.Wecanconclude(得出結(jié)論)fromthepassagethat_.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推論)?Whatisthetone(語氣)oftheauthor?Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?Thepassageisintendedto_.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?,閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓練,BasicTraining,-推理判斷型,Passage4Theconcept(n.觀念)ofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.About90percentofallillnessesmightbepreventableifindividual(n.個人)madesound(adj.健康的)personalhealthchoicesbaseduponpresent(adj.現(xiàn)在的)medicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitlimitedwhenitiswithinthelegal(adj.法律的)andmoralboundaries(n.界限)ofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayaffectourhealth.Ifwedodesire,wecansmoke,drinkmuch,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodwewant,andliveacompletelysedentary(adj.久坐的，勞心的)lifestylewithoutanyexercise.,練習題,解釋,P5,Q:Theconceptofpersonalchoiceabouthealthisimportantbecause_.A.personalhealthchoiceshelpcuremostillnesses.B.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledge.C.itisbasictopersonalfreedominAmericansociety.D.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth.,文章,解析：據(jù)前兩句可以得知，不良的選擇會導(dǎo)致健康狀況變壞，因此答案選D。選出的答案一定要在原文中找到依據(jù)或理由，不能只憑常識或自己主觀胡亂推測。,文章,Passage5Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievement(n.成績)endsupwithuninspiredstudents.Eisenbergerholds(vi.認為).Asanexa-mpleofthelatter(adj.近來的)point(n.觀點),henotes(vi.特別指出)growingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotighten(v.使變得更緊)gradingstandards(及格標準)andrestore(vt.恢復(fù)使用)failinggrades(不及格分數(shù)或標準).,練習題,解釋,總結(jié),Q:Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve_.rewardingpoorperformance(n.成績)maykillthecreativityofstudents.B.punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewarding.C.failing(v.給不及格)uninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverall(adj.全面的)academic(adj.學校的)standards.D.Discouraging(vt.使失去信心)thestudentsanticipation(n.預(yù)期之事物)foreasyrewardsisamatterofurgency(n.緊急).,文章,解析:問題是文中Eisenberger舉的一個例子,通過例證題目的考點分析,我們知道一般例子前后總結(jié)性的話(論點)是解決問題的關(guān)鍵,這樣我們就可以判斷出該例要說明的問題(答案:A)Thetopicsentence:Ateacherendsupwithuninspired(withoutcreativity)students.譯:假設(shè)老師總讓學生關(guān)注獎勵,或?qū)Ρ憩F(xiàn)一般的學生也