非謂語動詞最完整版

非謂語動詞一、非謂語動詞的概念 動詞的基本用法是作謂語。當(dāng)句中已經(jīng)有了謂語動詞了，要選或要填的動詞就只能用非謂語形式了。 二、 非謂語形式的三種形式及基本用法：1、動詞不定式：to do 表示目的和將來2、動詞的ing : doing 表示主動和進(jìn)行3、動詞的過去分詞：done 表示被動和完成非謂語動詞（一）動詞不定式一、不定式（to do）不定式由“to+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，其否定形式是“not to+動詞原形”。不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨作謂語。不定式運用口訣：本領(lǐng)最多不定式，主，表，賓，補，定和狀，樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語它不敢，大家千萬要當(dāng)心，有時它把句型改，做主賓時用“it”，自己在后把身藏，七個感官三使役，賓補要把to甩開，疑問詞后接上它，賓語從句可充當(dāng)，邏輯主語不定式，不定式前for sb，to前not 是否定，各種用法區(qū)別開。1.不定式的時態(tài)及語態(tài)時態(tài)主動被動意義例句來源:學(xué)&科&網(wǎng)Z&X&X&K語態(tài)一般to doto be done與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或以后發(fā)生Im glad to see you.當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式須用被動形式。如：He asked to be sent to work in Tibet. This book is said to have been translated into many languages.來源: /進(jìn)行to be doing來源:金太陽新課標(biāo)資源網(wǎng)來源:金太陽新課標(biāo)資源網(wǎng) HTTP:/WX.JTYJY.COM/來源:學(xué)#科#網(wǎng)Z#X#X#K表示謂語的動作（情況）發(fā)生時，不定式表示的動作正在進(jìn)行He pretended to be reading a book when I came in.完成to have doneto have been done先于謂語動作發(fā)生We seem to have met each other before.完成進(jìn)行to have been doing先于謂語動作發(fā)生而又延續(xù)到謂語動作發(fā)生后He is said to have been studying abroad，but I dont know which country he is studying in.1. Iamsorryto _ yousomuchtrouble.（2008 江蘇）A. havegiven B. havebeengivenC. giveD. giving答案： A 簡析：be sorry to have done sth 意為“已經(jīng)干了某事而遺憾”，to have done是不定式的完成形式，表示先于謂語動詞的動作。B，被動形式，不合題意。變式訓(xùn)練：2.The promising young man is said to _ two novels.A. havewritten B. havebeenwrittenC. writeD. writing (A)2.不定式的句法功能1）作主語：（謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)）To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.在十分鐘內(nèi)完成這項工作很難。動詞不定式短語作主語時，常用it作形式主語，例如上面一句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.練習(xí)：1. _( die ) for people is a glorious thing.2. _( talk ) with him is a great pleasure.3. _( see ) is to believe.4._ (beat) in the home match was a disgrace to them.5. 在一個小時之內(nèi)記住所有這些單詞是不容易的。（翻譯成英文）6.It is important _ to turn off the light when you leave the room.A. rememberB . to rememberC. of rememberingD. remembering不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：for / of sb. to do sth. Its for sb.和 Its of sb.這樣的句子中，由于表語形容詞性質(zhì)的不同，導(dǎo)致了不定式邏輯主語標(biāo)志用for或of的區(qū)別。 1） for sb. 句型中的形容詞一般為表示事物的特征特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如：Its very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。 2） of sb句型中的形容詞一般為表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如：Its very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。用for還是用of 的另一種辨別方法：用介詞for或of后面的邏輯主語作句子的主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個句子。如果通順用of，不通則用for。例如：You are nice.（通順，所以應(yīng)用of）。He is hard. （非所表達(dá)的意思，不通，因此用for。）1.It is great honor _ present at this meeting.A. for us to beB. for us toC. of us to beD. for your being2. Its kind _ so much of us.A. for you to thinkB. for you thinkingC. of you to thinkD. of you thinking3. Its clever _ to make a mistake and correct it in no time.Afor her Bof her Cby her Dby herself2）作表語：1. Her daughters wish is to become a singer.2. She seems to go with us.3.The boy seems to have been beaten.4. Her job is to clean the hall.練習(xí)：1. Her work is _( look )after the children.2. My aim is _( go ) to Tsinghua University.3. She seemed _( think ) about the problem.4. He appeared _ (wait) for a long time.5. The box seems _ (move).6.Whether China can launch Shenzhou successfully remains _.A.to see B.seeing C.to be seen D.being seen7.What I would suggest is _ the job right away.A. to startB. startsC. of staringD. for staring3）作賓語：常與不定式作賓語連用的動詞有：affordaimagreearrangeaskdecidebothercarechoosedemand desiredetermineelectendeavorhopefailhelplearnlong 渴望meanmanageofferplanpretendrefusetendundertakeexpecthateintend如果不定式（賓語）后面有賓語補足語，則用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語（不定式）后置，放在賓語補足語后面，如：Eg. Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.練習(xí)：1.They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they?2.He said he wished_(be )a professor.3.I agreed_ (go ) there with the doctor.4.They asked _(send) to work here.5.He promised _(wait) at the door when she came out.6. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 7. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told8. I didnt hear you come in last night. Thats good. We tired _ noisy.A. not to B. to be not C. to be D. not to be9.Its a new dictionary, he seems _ this book the other day.A. to buyB. buying C. to have bought D. to have been bought（但是要注意，高中階段有些短語中的to是介詞to，現(xiàn)把介詞to的短語歸納如下）be related to和有聯(lián)系.His fear of people is deeply related to his unhappy childhood. be addicted to沉溺于對上癮.She is addictaded to drugs.be opposed to 反對 She is strongly opposed to their plan.devote oneself to獻(xiàn)身于 She devoted herself to tennis in her teens. be devoted to 獻(xiàn)身于,忠誠于,愛She is devoted to here husband. be admitted to被錄取 , 準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入 Li Ming is admitted to Beijing University. Children under 18 are not admitted to the film. be attached to附屬于,愛慕,愛戀,敬仰The middle school is attached toQing hua University。這是清華附中。 be adjusted to 適應(yīng) She was soon adjusted to his way of life adjust to適應(yīng) She soon adjusted to his way of life. adsjust onself to 使適應(yīng)She soon adjusted herself to his way of life be adapted to適應(yīng) He is quickly adapted to a new circumstances. 他很快適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。 adapt oneself to 適應(yīng) He is quick to adapt himself to a new circumstances 他很快適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。 be known to為所知As is known to all,paper was first made in China. be married to和結(jié)婚Tom has been married to Mary for 10 years.be sentenced to被判處He was sentenced to 10 years in prison. 他被判處10年監(jiān)禁.。 be connected to和連在一起 I was connected to the wrong person. 我的電話接錯了人。 be exposed to 暴露于/遭受/接觸 The bicycle was exposed to the rain and wind. Ive been exposed to English for 20years. 我學(xué)英語已經(jīng)20年了。 be compared to被比喻成 Teachers are often compared to candles. 教師常被比喻成蠟燭。 compareto把比成 People often compare children to flowers.。人們常把孩子們比喻成花朵。 be/become /get accustomed to慣于,有.習(xí)慣. You will soon get accustomed to the job.你很快就會適應(yīng)這項工作。 be engaged to和訂婚 Jack is engaged to Linda.捷克和林達(dá)訂婚了。 get down to著手做 Lets get down to business.我們言歸正傳。 lead to 導(dǎo)致 All roads lead to Rome.條條道路通羅馬。 object to 反對 He objects to beeing treated like a child. 他討厭被當(dāng)成小孩看待。 put ones mind to全神貫注于 You should put your mind to studies.你應(yīng)專心學(xué)習(xí)。 give rise to 引起 The dirty enviroment gave rise to diseases. 那骯臟的環(huán)境引起了各種疾病。 look forward to盼望 Im looking forwad to seeing you.我盼望與你見面。 pay attention to注意 Please pay attention to your pronunciotion.請注意你的發(fā)音。 stick to堅持 He always sticks to his promise.他總是遵守諾言。 attend to 處理,照料Attend carefully to what she is saying.注意聽她說話。 see to 負(fù)責(zé) Will you see to the plants while Im away. 我不在時請您幫我照料這些植物。 contribute to對做貢獻(xiàn) The construction of a highway will contribute to the growth of the surburbs.建造高速公路有助于郊區(qū)發(fā)展。 make contributions to對做貢獻(xiàn)He has made great contributions to a space deveiopment programme.他對太空發(fā)展計劃有很大的貢獻(xiàn)。 apply oneself to致力于 He applied himself to the study of genes.他致力于基因研究。come close to幾乎,將近He came close to being killed in the accident.他差一點在事故中喪生。 reply to 回答She never replied to my letter.他從不回復(fù)我的信。 add to 增加 The news added to his anxiety.這消息增加了他的憂慮。 add up to加起來 These figures add up to fifty.這些數(shù)字總計為50。 in addition to除之外(還)He speak s Frensh in addition to English. 他除了講英語之外還會說法。 turn to轉(zhuǎn)向,求助于 He has turned to keeping sheep.他已轉(zhuǎn)行養(yǎng)羊。 feel up to能勝任He doesnt think he feels up to the job.他認(rèn)為他不勝任這項工作。 look up to向上看,尊敬We should look up to our parents.我們應(yīng)該尊敬父母。 admit to承認(rèn) He admmited to having broken the glass.他承認(rèn)打爛了玻璃。 belong to屬于The computer belongs to me.這臺電腦時我的。 take to喜愛,開始 I took to her at once我立刻喜歡上了她。 She has taken to drinking recently.他最近喜歡喝酒。 cling to 附著/堅持The little boy clung to his mother s skirt in fear 那男孩害怕得緊緊抓住他母親的裙子。 fall to 開始 After supper we fell to discussing politics.。 晚飯后我們開始討論政治。 respond to回答 He didnt respond to my question.他沒有回答我的問題。 accustom oneself to使習(xí)慣于Children are quick to accustom themselves tonew surroundings. 孩子們很快就會適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。 get to到達(dá)某地When did you get Shanghai?你和時到的上海? set an example to給樹立榜樣 Lei Feng set a good example to us. 雷鋒為我們樹立了好榜樣。 refer to 談到,參考,查閱 If you have any question please refer to the guidebook.如果你有問題請參閱旅游指南。 take /make a trip to 到.地方去Ill make a trip to the seaside tomorrow. 明天我要到海邊去。 join to把和連接起來The railway has joined Beijing to Zhuhai. 這條鐵路把北京和珠海連接起來了 do a kindness to 幫助某人 He did me many kindnesses.他幫過我很多忙。 turn a blind eye to對視而不見 Dont turn a blind eye to that.不要對那事視而不見。 turn a deaf ear to對充耳不聞He turned a deaf ear to my advice. 他對我的建議充耳不聞。 point to指向He pointed to the door.他用手指著門.(讓人出去)。 show honour to向表示敬意 We all showed honour to the hero. 我們都向那位英雄表示敬意。 put an end to 結(jié)束They should put an end to that ridiculous war 他們應(yīng)該終止那場荒謬的戰(zhàn)爭。 bring an end to結(jié)束 They should bring an end to that ridiculous war 他們應(yīng)該終止那場荒謬的戰(zhàn)爭。 drink(a toast)to 為干杯 Lets drink to Pauls health.讓我們?yōu)楸柕慕】蹈杀?propose a toast to提議為干杯I propose a toast to Pauls health. 我提議為保爾的健康干杯。 set fire to防火燒. The enemy set fire to the ship.敵人放火燒了那條船。 happen to發(fā)生了事 What has happened to your mother?你媽媽怎么了? occur to被想到,被想起It occurred to me that I had forgotten to take my medicine.我突然想起我忘了吃藥了。 total up to總計達(dá) His debt totalled up to 1,000,000.yuan.他的債務(wù)總計達(dá)一百萬元。get close to接近It is too hot .He cant get close to the fire. 太熱了他不能接近大火。 hold to 堅持 抓住.Everyone should hold to the rule. 每人都應(yīng)該遵循這規(guī)則。 help oneself to隨便用 Help yourself to the sweets.請隨便吃糖。 hold on to抓住, 固守。The little girl held on to the tail of his coat。那小女孩抓住他外套的下擺。 do harm to 對有害處 Smoking does harm to health。抽煙有害健康。 do wrong to冤枉 Great was done to him in the past。過去他受了很大的冤枉。 date back to追朔到 This temple date back to the SongDydasty。這廟宇宋代就有了。 when it comes to談到.時when it comes to studying English，he thinks it easy。談到學(xué)英語時他認(rèn)為容易。 give an eye to著眼于,注意 Please give an eye to the flowers while Im away 我不在時請關(guān)照一下花。 have an eye to doing打算.He has an eye to g ing abroad. 他打算出國。 describe to 向描述 Please describe to me what the girl is like. 給我描述一下那女孩的長相。 treat sb to請某人吃 Ill treat you to some beer.我要請你喝啤酒。 pay a visit to參觀 Shell pay a second visit to Japan.他要再次訪日。 the answer to 的答案 Please tell me the answer to the question.請告訴我這個問題的答案。 the key to 的答案,的鑰匙的關(guān)鍵This is the kry to solving the problem. 這是解決問題的關(guān)鍵。 access to接近,進(jìn)入某地的方法 Every student has free access to the library。每個學(xué)生都可以自由利用圖書館。 the entrance to的入口 Have found the entrance to th cave？ 你找到動穴的出口了嗎？ the assistant to的助手Mary is the assistant to the heasdmaster?，旣愂切ｉL助理。 the secretary to的秘書 He was the secretary to the late Premier Zhou。他是已故周總理的秘書。 the ambassador to駐。的大使He is the Chinese ambassador to Japan。他是中國駐日大使。 onss attitude to 對的態(tài)度 We should take a positive attitude to work. 我們應(yīng)對工作報積極的態(tài)度。 the note to的注釋 Please pay attention to the notes to the text.請注意課文注釋。 on ones way to在去某處的途中 He is on his way to becoming a doctor. 他即將成為一名醫(yī)生.。 be a stranger to不習(xí)慣對陌生 I am a stanger to the way of life. 我不習(xí)慣這種生活方式。 a visitor to 到.的參觀者Every year there are many visitors to the park. 每年有很多客人參觀這個公園。 the home to 是.的家園（of更常用） The island is home to many animals. 這個島嶼是很多動物的家園。 be on a journey/trip to在去旅程中Now he is on the journey to Shanghai. 此刻他在去上海的旅程。 be kind to 對和善 The teacher is kind to his students.這位老師對他的學(xué)生非常和藹。 be important to對重要 English is important to us all.英語對我們所有人都很重要。 be senior to 年齡長于. He is senior to me他比我年齡大。 be junior to年齡小于He is junior to me .他比我年齡小。 be equal to和.相等 Men are equal to women in China now.現(xiàn)在中國男女平等。 be particular to所特有的 Coconut is particular to the tropics.椰子事熱帶的特產(chǎn). be subject to 服從,隸屬,易遭/受/患 These islands are subject to typhoons.這些島嶼易遭臺風(fēng)侵襲。 All players are subject to the rules of the game. 所有選手均需遵守比賽規(guī)則。 be familiar to 為熟悉 The tall building is familiar to me.我非常熟悉這幢大樓。 be similar to和.相似His view is similar to yours。他的觀點和你的類似。 be open to 對.開放。The library is open to the public.這個公園對公眾開放。 be loyal to 對.忠誠。We should be loyal to the people and the Party。我們應(yīng)該忠于人民忠于黨。 be helpful to 對有益處 Early rising is helpful to your health.早起對你的身體有好處。 be useful to對有用 This book is useful to young students. 這本書對年輕學(xué)生有好處。 be good to對好 His step- mother is very good to him. 他的繼母對他非常好。 比較：be good for 對.有益處. Early rising is good for youe health. 早起對你的身體有益處。 be bad to對不好 His step- mother is very bad to him. 他的繼母對他非常不好。 比較：be bad for對有害處Smoking is bad for your health.抽煙對你健康有害處。 be new to對不習(xí)慣，對。陌生。Im new to the custom. 我對這種風(fēng)俗不習(xí)慣。 next to 幾乎 的旁邊,Who stood next to you? 誰站在你的旁邊? It is next to impossible to cure her illness. 治好他的病幾乎是不可能的。 from to從到They begged from door to door.他們挨們要飯。 due to 由于 The game was postponeed due to rain.比賽因下雨而延期。 比較:be due to do sth.預(yù)定要做某事He is due to start this evening.他預(yù)定今晚出發(fā)。 owing to由于The game was postponeed owing to rain.比賽因下雨而延期。 thanks to多虧了,由于 Thanks to your help ,I finished my work on time. 多虧了你的幫助我及時完成了工作。 as to關(guān)于 As to money， he is indifferent.至于錢他漠不關(guān)心。 In/with regard to關(guān)于I have something to say in/with regard to his conduct. 關(guān)于它的行為我有一些意見.。 In/with relation to 關(guān)于 ,就而論.I have something to say in/with relation to his conduct.關(guān)于它的行為我有一些意見。 according to根據(jù) According to the law,he was sentenced to death.根據(jù)法律他被判處死刑。 subject to依照The plan may change subject to the weather. 那項計劃可能會隨天氣變化而改變。 動詞不定式在介詞but后面時，如果介詞之前有行為動詞do的各種形式，那么這些介詞后的不定式不帶to；否則就要帶to。另外在cant choose but和cant help but等后面的不定式也省略to。如：I have no choice but to stay here.我別無選擇只有待在這兒。練習(xí)：1. I thought you had planned to practice the piano today. I did nothing but _ letters all day.A. write B. to write C. wrote D. writing2.Timcannotbut _ hissupervisortohelphimsolvethedifficultyhehasindoinghis project. (2009安徽)A.toask B.askC.asking D.asked答案：B簡析：but 后跟不定式是否帶to, 按照“前有do后無to”的原則，如，They did nothing but watch TV all day. 和 They had no choice / alternative but to give up. 此外，cannot help but / cannot choose but / cannot but 后均不帶to。3.Lots of empty boots were found under the old mans bed. He must have done nothing but _. A. drink B. to drink C. drinking D. drunk 有些動詞或動詞詞組可以用動詞+疑問詞+不定式的結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。例如：decideknowconsiderforgetlearnremembershow,wonderfind outtellinquireexplain例如：Please show us how to do that. 請演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ?。There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy. 有這么多的錄音機，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他給了我們一些就如何學(xué)英語的建議。練習(xí)： 1. Ididntknow_himornot.（2009浙江）A.whethertohelpB.iftohelpC.tohelpD.thatifIshouldhelp答案：A簡析：whether to do sth or not是固定搭配，if “是否做某事”后不能跟不定式。3） 作賓語補足語：Eg. 1. She told her child not to play on the street.2.I saw her come into the building.3. We believe him to have gone abroad.動詞不定式作動詞feel,hear，see，watch，notice，observe等感官動詞以及have,let，make等使役動詞后面的賓語補足語時，不定式符號to要省略。但如果這些句子變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，就必須帶to符號。如：I saw him cross the road.我看到他過了街道。He was seen to cross the road.他被看到過了街道。練習(xí)： 1. I didnt want my parents _(help ) me.2. Wed prefer you _( take ) the job instead of Zhang.3. The school ordered all the classroom _( clean ).4. My parents expect me _( go )to a ideal university.5. Joan promised the dinner _( cook ) before we returned.6.Bobs parents want Bob _ all the rules at school.A. obeyB. to obeyC. obeyingD. will obey7. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but mother told him_.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 8. The question asked by the teacher is very difficult _. （2008 江蘇）A. to be answeredB. answeringC. to answerD. to answering答案：C簡析：某些形容詞后跟不定式作狀語時，只能用主動形式表示被動意思。常用的此類形容詞有：easy, difficult, hard, comfortable, nice, good, pleasant, fit,等。變式訓(xùn)練：9.Dont you think the picture on the wall pleasant _ ?A. to be looked atB. looking atC. to look atD. to looking at (C)5）作定語：作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。如：There is nothing to worry about.沒有什么可擔(dān)心的。如果不定式修飾time, place, way，可以省略介詞：He has no place to live.他沒有住的地方。This is the best way to work out this problem.這是解決這個問題的最好的辦法。動詞不定式作定語，放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所修飾名詞有如下關(guān)系：當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的承受者時，不定式既可以用主動語態(tài)，也可用被動語態(tài)，但其含義有所不同。試比較：Have you got anything to send （你有什么東西要寄嗎？不定式to send的動作執(zhí)行者是“你”）Have you got anything to be sent （你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？不定式to be sent的動作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”）用不定式作定語的幾種情況不定式表將來I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.我借了幾本書在假期里讀。用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級或no,all，any等限定的中心詞。如：He was the best man to do the job.他是做這項工作的最佳人選。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是在奧運會上獲得金牌的第一個女人。用于修飾的詞是抽象名詞時，常見的有：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。如：Do you have the ability to read and write English