2013屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪常用結(jié)構(gòu)匯總復(fù)習(xí)講義(四)

2013屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪常用結(jié)構(gòu)匯總復(fù)習(xí)講義（四）1：instead of 代替 (1) instead of + n. / pron. Give me the red one instead of the green one. (2) instead of + doing We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator. (3) instead of + 介詞短語(yǔ) He studies in the evening instead of during the day. 比較 (1) instead adv. 作為替代，代替 If Harry is not well enough to go with you, take me instead. (2) rather than 而不是，與其寧愿 He ran rather than walked. (3) in place of 代替，而不用The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks.2：means means手段，方法.作名詞講時(shí)一定要注意單復(fù)數(shù)同形All possible means have been tried. 一切可能的辦法都已經(jīng)被嘗試過(guò)了。The quickest means of travel is by air. 最快捷的旅行方式是乘飛機(jī)。相關(guān)歸納：(1)by means of 用，依靠She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs. 她不會(huì)說(shuō)話，但手勢(shì)表達(dá)了她的愿望 (2)by all means一定，務(wù)必; 當(dāng)然By all means I must visit my sick friend.我一定得去探望我生病的朋友。-May I stay at home from school? 我可以呆在家里不去上學(xué)嗎？-By all means.當(dāng)然可以 。 (3)by no means 決不，并未I can by no means pretend to be pleased with this behavior.我決不能假裝對(duì)這種行為表示滿意。 (4) by this/that means通過(guò)這種或那種方法Only by this means can you succeed.只有用這個(gè)方法你才能成功。注意：means, method, way, approach的區(qū)別(1)means指為達(dá)到一個(gè)目的或產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果而采用的方法、手段，一般與介詞by搭配即：by this/that means。means 后接to do sth. 或of doing sth. 做定語(yǔ) (2)way是最普通常用的詞，一般與介詞in搭配即：in this/that way。way后接to do sth. 或of doing sth. 做定語(yǔ) The way he thought of to solve the problem is reasonable.= The way he thought of of solving the problem is reasonable. 他想出的解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的方法是合理的。(3)method 強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)系統(tǒng)的理論的方法，一般與介詞with搭配即：with this/that method。method后接of doing sth. 做定語(yǔ)Our teacher always changes his teaching methods to make his lessons interesting.為了讓他的可更有吸引力我們的老師經(jīng)常改變教學(xué)方法。(4) approach 常指解決問(wèn)題或取得成功的方法。Approach 后只接to+ n.或 to + doing sth. 做定語(yǔ)。 The only approach to solving the problem is to turn to others for help. 解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的唯一辦法是向別人求助。3：what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句用法列析What引導(dǎo)主、賓、表、和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，what 要在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等句子成分。whatthe thing(s) that或somebody thatWhat surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well. （在從句作中主語(yǔ)）Thats what he is worried about.（whatthe thing that在從句作中賓語(yǔ)）I have no idea what I should do next. （在從句作中賓語(yǔ)）He is no longer what he used to be（what=the person that在從句作中表語(yǔ)）注意：what與that的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)主、賓、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，what 要充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等句子成分，that 不作任何成分，而只在語(yǔ)法上起連接作用。例如That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.強(qiáng)化練習(xí)1. My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont findC. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found.變式1. -How much longer _ here? - Another three days.A. are you staying B. do you stay C. have you stayed D. did you stayed變式2. “Do you live in the city?” “No. I _ here until my holiday is over.”A. will visit B. has visited C. am visiting D .visited 變式3.-You are drinking too much. No one _ me but you. It is at home. A. sees B. is seeing C. has seen D. saw變式4.The teacher think highly of Tom who _others. A. helps B. always helps C. is always helping D. always helped 解析： 前句是一個(gè)仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)，由于沒(méi)有找到，其影響仍然存在，應(yīng)用完成時(shí)，瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定式時(shí)可用于完成時(shí)。答案：D變式1. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示將來(lái)安排好的活動(dòng)或事件,常見的動(dòng)詞有arrive, come, go, leave, return, stay, travel, play等，并常與表將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用. 答案：A變式2.該題考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的“表示說(shuō)話的時(shí)候正在進(jìn)行并且有可能持續(xù)的將來(lái)某一個(gè)時(shí)間之前。”這一中用法。答案C.變式3. 有些動(dòng)詞不用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)其中包括表結(jié)果的感官動(dòng)詞: see, notice, hear 等。答案：A變式4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩。答案：C2. His mother had thought it would be good for his character to _ from home and earn some moneyon his own. A. run away B. take away c. keep away D. get away變式1. He invited me to go for a swim, but I dont know how to _it ,because I had no time.A. run away B. take away c. keep away D. get away解析：2. get away from:表示離開某地或避開責(zé)備,懲罰或?yàn)?zāi)難而順利行事.答案：D變式1.該句意思是“他邀請(qǐng)我去游泳，由于沒(méi)時(shí)間我不想去，但是不知道如何擺脫” get away from在該句中表示避開或回避某事。答案：D3. Our hometown has changed a lot, and now it is quite different from _ a few years ago.A. what it used to be B. that it used to be C. which it used to be D. what was it 變式1. He is no longer _ he used to be. . A. who B. what C. which D. that 變式2. He is no longer the person _ he used to be. . A. who B. what C. which D. that 解析:3. what引導(dǎo)主、賓、表、和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，what 要在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等句子成分。一定要注意的是what 不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句所以當(dāng)空格前有名詞做先行詞的時(shí)候就一定不會(huì)采用what作為答案了。同時(shí)在學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候要注意what與that 的區(qū)別。介詞from后面是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，分析所給的選項(xiàng)可以看出，be應(yīng)該帶有自己的表語(yǔ)意思才能完整這樣B、D兩項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，C項(xiàng)不符合題意。正確答案是：A。 變式1. 該題考查“What引導(dǎo)表位語(yǔ)從句，what在從句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)”這一用法。答案：B 變式2. the person后接了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，該定語(yǔ)從句缺少表語(yǔ)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能在定語(yǔ)從句中做表語(yǔ)的詞只有that. 答案：D4. Taking a plane is the quickest _ to get to Tibet. A. mode B. manner C. means D. method 變式1. The _ to making great progress is to practice more.A. approach B. manner C. means D. method變式2. The way he thought of _the problem is right.A. to work out B. working C. to be worked D. having worked變式3. Every possible means_ tried, but the problem still cant be settled . A. was tried B . has been tried C. have been tried D. were tried 解析：4. means, method, way, approach的區(qū)別是考查名詞區(qū)別時(shí)經(jīng)常考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。要從兩個(gè)方面掌握它們的用法（1）與什么樣的介詞搭配；（2）后接什么形式做定語(yǔ)。means是指為達(dá)到一個(gè)目的或產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果而采用的方法、手段，后可接to do sth. 或of doing sth. 做定語(yǔ)，符合題意的選項(xiàng)只有C。 變式1.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有approach 后可接to doing sth. 做定語(yǔ)。答案：A 變式2. he thought of 是定語(yǔ)從句，省略之后其實(shí)是考查the way 后接什么結(jié)果做定語(yǔ)。根據(jù)way后接to do sth. 或of doing sth. 做定語(yǔ)可知答案為A 變式3. means 作名詞時(shí)單復(fù)同形，由于前面有every修飾可以確定該題中means是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，并且要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案：B5. You will succeed in the end _you give up halfway.A. even if B . as though C. as long as D. unless 變式1. They will stay inside unless it _tomorrow.A . stops raining B. stops to rain C. will stop raining D .will stop to rain變式2. You will succeed in the end _you dont give up halfway.A. even if B . as though C. as long as D. unless變式3. Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed .A. unless B. since C. although D. when解析：5. 該題意思是“如果你不半路放棄的話，你就能取得成功?！笨疾榈氖莡nless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)unless=if not的用法。答案：D變式1. unless引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。答案：A 變式2. 該題意思是“只要你不半路放棄，你就會(huì)取得成功?！盿s long as=so long as “只要” 答案：C 變式3. when可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句用法與if 相同。再如：When children wont listen to me, what shall I do?答案：D6. The news _ our team was defeated in the final . A. which B. that C. what D. 不填 變式1. The news _ he brought is of great importance. Which of the following is wrong? A. which B. that C. what D. 不填 變式2.There is a common belief among the parents _ schools are no longer careful with students handwriting. A. who B. that C. what D. 不填解析：1. 同位語(yǔ)從句是重要的考點(diǎn)之一，復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要抓住以下幾個(gè)方面：（1）同位語(yǔ)從句一般不缺句子成分；（2）同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞；（3）同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞雖然在從句中無(wú)意義，但是不可以省略。答案：B 變式1.that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)先行詞（名詞或代詞）在定語(yǔ)從句中可以充當(dāng)一定的句子成分，這時(shí)that等于which, 還可以省略。答案：D 變式2. 該題是考查比較復(fù)雜的同位語(yǔ)從句，也就是說(shuō)同位語(yǔ)從句與名詞之間加了among the parents 這樣的干擾成份。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞雖然在從句中無(wú)意義，但是不可以省略。答案：B自測(cè)試題1. I got to know from the_ that most companies would like to employ workers with rich _.A. experience; experience B. experiences; experiencesC. experiences; experience D. experience; experiences 2 He is clever, but _, he make