林語堂翻譯理論ppt課件.ppt

林語堂的翻譯理論與實踐,1,林語堂,2,LifeandWorks,LinYutang(October10,1895March26,1976)wasaChinesewriterandinventor.HewasborninasmalltowninZhangzhou,Fujian.HisfatherwasaChristianminister.HishasshiftedhisfaithfromChristianitytoTaoismandBuddhism,andbacktoChristianity.HeobtainedhisbachelorsdegreefromSt.JohnsUniversityinShanghai,amastersdegreeincomparativeliteraturefromHarvardUniversity,andadoctorateinlinguisticsfromLeipzig,3,UniversityinGermany(德國萊比錫大學).HehasbeencelebratedasaChineseauthorofbooksinEnglishandknownforhisworkasalinguist,philosopher,writer,traveler,andinventor.From1923to1926hetaughtEnglishliteratureatPekingUniversity.UrgedbyPearlBuck(賽珍珠),hewenttoAmericain1935andsoonpublishedhisfirstbestsellersMyCountryandMyPeople.Actually,hismaincountributioniswritting,especiallywrittingsinEnglish,nottranslation.,4,1940年紐約艾邁拉大學（ElmiraCollege）校長給他頒授榮譽文學博士學位時，稱贊他為“哲學家、作家、才子、是愛國者，也是世界公民”，“bythemagicofyourpen,youhaveportrayedthesoulofyourgreatpeopletothepeopleoftheEnglishspeakingworldinawaynopersonhaseverdonebefore.Indoingso,youhavespokentothepeopleoftheEnglishspeakingworldintheirownlanguagewithanartistrythatisatoncetheirenvy,admirationanddespair.”,5,LinisbestknownforhistranslationofHumor.HispromotionofhumorousliteraturewonhimthetitleofMasterofHumor.,6,Translationworks,英譯漢：1.國民革命外記原著者待查2.女子與知識羅素夫人原著3.易卜生評傳及其情書布蘭地司原著4.賣花女(劇本)蕭伯納原著5.勵志文集馬爾騰博士原著6.新的文評史賓岡、克羅齋、王爾德等原著,7,漢譯英：1.SixChaptersofaFloatingLife,byShenFu,RenderedintoEnglishbyLinYutang浮生六記，清朝沈復原著2.Chuangtse,英譯莊子3.TheImportanceofUnderstanding:TranslationsfromtheChinese中國古文小品選譯（又稱古文小品）晉朝陶潛等原著,8,4.NunofTaishanandotherTranslations英譯老殘游記第二集及其他選譯5.TheChineseTheoryofArt:TranslationfromtheMasterofChineseArt中國畫論，譯自國畫名家6.冥寥子游明朝屠隆原著,9,HecreatesalotoffamousnovelsinEnglish,includinghisfirstsuccessfulbookMyCountryandMyPeople(吾國與吾民),andMomentinPeking(京華煙云)forwhichhewasoncenominatedfortheNobelPrizeforLiterature.,10,PartsofhisworksareadaptedtranslationsfromChineseclassics,forexample,hisTheWisdomofLaotse(老子的智慧)istranslatedfromLaotsesTheBookofTao(道德經).,11,Apartfromthat,hetranslatedandintroducedagreatdealofChineseliteratureabroad,suchasSixChaptersofaFloatingLife(浮生六記)byShenFu(沈復)intheQingDynasty,makingenormouscontributionstodissimilatingChineseculture.,12,TranslationTheoryandpractice,HewrotetheessayOnTranslationandputforwardthenewcriteriaoftranslating“Faithfulness,Coherence,Beauty.”,13,林語堂在論翻譯中提出的翻譯觀：“faithfulness”,“expressiveness”and“beauty1.忠實標準：林氏認為,忠實的程度大致可以分為四等:直譯、死譯、意譯和胡譯。2.通順標準:以句義為先,字義為后。與此同時,林氏還提出句譯理論,主張翻譯只能以句為主體的句譯,不能以字為主體的字譯。3.美的標準:翻譯還有美的方面須兼顧。理想的翻譯家應當將其工作當做一種藝術。以愛藝術之心愛它,以對藝術謹慎不茍之心對它,使翻譯成為美術之一種。,14,他又從另一角度將這三條說成是譯者的三種責任:第一是譯者對原著者的責任,第二是譯者對中國讀者的責任,第三是譯者對藝術的責任。三樣的責任心齊備,然后可以謂具有真正譯家的資格。,15,InOnPoetryTranslation:advocatesthatintranslatingpoetry，itisacceptabletouserhymes，butgenerallyspeaking，itismoreadvisablenottouserhymes.Inhispoetrytranslation，therhythminherentinapoemdominatesoverrhymes.,16,浮生六記中林譯與Shirley版本對比,例一：至乾隆庚子正月二十二日花燭之夕(沈復)Ourweddingtookplaceonthetwentysecondofthefirstmoonin1780(LinYutangl1)Fiveyearsweretopassbeforeourweddingcandlesburned,atdusk,onthetwentyseconddayofthefirstmonthoftheyearoftherat一1780(ShirleyMBlack),17,“花燭之夕”意為“舉行婚禮”?！跋Α彪m然有“傍晚”之意，但在這個成語中只是一個籠統的時間概念，并非確切的某個時間。林語堂提出“譯者對于原文有字字了解而無字字譯出之責任?！币虼耍麑Α盎T之夕”的翻譯是“ourweddingtookplace”，而ShirleyMBlack將它譯成“ourweddingcandlesburned，atdusk”雖然ShirleyMBlack將成語“花燭之夕”的每一個字都譯了出來，但是譯文很可能給目的語讀者造成誤解：讀者看到“dusk”一詞，不免聯想到原來中國的婚禮總是在晚上舉行的。林語堂沒有對“花燭之夕”字字對譯但是，他的譯文為目的語讀者傳達了該成語的確切含義。,18,例二：正值太平盛世，且在衣冠之家(沈復)Thecountrywasthenintheheydayofpeaceand,moreoverwasborninascholarsfamily(LinYutang)MinewasafulldressfamilyoneofscholarsandgentlePeople(ShirleyMBlack),19,漢語中的“衣冠之家”是學者文人之家的意思，所以，林語堂的譯文是“ascholarsfamily”；但是ShirleyMBlack將其翻譯為“fulldressfamily，oneofscholarsandgentlepeople”她對“衣冠之家”的翻譯又是字字對譯，與林語堂的翻譯比較而言，語言顯得冗長。,20,Letsappreciateapoem,21,詩歌翻譯中美的體現,聲聲慢尋尋覓覓，冷冷清清，凄凄慘慘戚戚。乍暖還寒時候，最難將息。三杯兩盞淡酒，怎敵他曉來風急?,SlowslowtuneSodim，Sodark，Sodense，Sodull，Sodamp，Sodank，SodeadTheweather，nowwarm，nowcold，Makesitharderthanevertoforget!HowcanthinwineandbreadServeasprotectionAgainstthepiercingwindofsunset!,22,葬花吟TaiyuPredictingHerOwnDeath花謝花飛飛滿天,紅消香斷有誰憐?游絲軟系飄春榭,落絮輕沾撲繡簾。Fly,fly,yefadedandbrokendreamsOffragrance,forthespringisgone!Beholdthegossamerentwinethescreens,Andwanderingcatkinskissthestone.,23,閨中女兒惜春暮,愁緒滿懷無著處,手把花鋤出繡簾,忍踏落花來復去？Herecomesthemaidenfromoutherchamberdoor,Whosesecretnooneshallshare.Shegathersthetroddenblossomslingeringly,Andsaystothemhervotiveprayer.,24,Thanks.,25,詞的開篇落筆見奇，連出十四個疊字，一句三疊韻，六雙聲