經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)術(shù)語2010.doc

經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)術(shù)語the nature of the firmPrice mechanism 價(jià)格機(jī)制Transaction costs 交易成本Entrepreneur 企業(yè)家Exchange transaction 交換交易Sales tax 銷售稅monopoly gain 壟斷收益factors of production 生產(chǎn)要素diminishing returns of management 管理收益遞減market transaction 市場交易marketing cost 營銷成本spatial distribution 空間分布combination 合并(when transactions which were previous organized by two or more entrepreneurs become organized by one)integration 一體化 (when it involves the organization of transactions which were previously carried out between the entrepreneurs on a market)(p.45) (a firm can expand in either or both of these two ways.)specialized exchange economy 專業(yè)化交換經(jīng)濟(jì)the division of labour 勞動分工specialization 專業(yè)化uncertainty 不確定性collusion 勾結(jié)forecasting 預(yù)測，預(yù)期relative price 相對價(jià)格economic system 經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，經(jīng)濟(jì)制度perfect competition 完全競爭imperfect competition 不完全競爭marginal cost 邊際成本dynamic factors 動態(tài)因素a theory of moving equilibrium 移動均衡理論，動態(tài)均衡理論marginal product of entrepreneur 企業(yè)家的邊際產(chǎn)品The Role of Monetary Policymonetary policy 貨幣政策The Great Contraction 大收縮liquidity preference 流動偏好depression 蕭條fiscal policy 財(cái)政政策rigidity of wages 工資剛性deflation policy 通貨緊縮政策monetary authority 貨幣當(dāng)局Federal Reserve System 聯(lián)邦儲備系統(tǒng)aggregate demand 總需求fine tuning 微調(diào)prompt adjustment 即刻調(diào)整government bonds 政府債券pioneering capital 創(chuàng)業(yè)資本full employment 充分就業(yè)money market 貨幣市場speculation 投機(jī)interest rate 利息率unemployment 失業(yè)financial community 金融集團(tuán)the quantity of money 貨幣數(shù)量liquidity preferences schedule 流動性偏好圖demand for loans 貸款需求cyclical adjustment process 周期性調(diào)節(jié)過程price expectation effect 價(jià)格預(yù)期效應(yīng)nominal interest rate 名義利率real interest rate 實(shí)際利率natural interest rate 自然利率Fisher effect 費(fèi)雪效應(yīng)capital formation 資本形成natural rate of unemployment 自然失業(yè)率Walrasian system of general equilibrium equations 瓦爾拉一般均衡公式體系anticipations 預(yù)期job vacancies 工作空職real magnitude 實(shí)際量值monetary expansion 貨幣擴(kuò)張the creation of money 貨幣創(chuàng)造Gold standard 金本位制surplus or deficits 順差或逆差tariffs and quotas 關(guān)稅或限額stagnation 停滯federal budget 聯(lián)邦預(yù)算monetary stability 貨幣穩(wěn)定exchange rate 匯率floating exchange rates 浮動匯率monetary total 貨幣總量monopoly 壟斷inflationary gap 通脹缺口aggregate demand 總需求Phillips curve 菲利普斯曲線money illusion 貨幣幻覺disequilibrium 非均衡voluntary unemployment 自愿失業(yè)stickiness of money wages 貨幣工資粘性bargain 議價(jià)decentralized economy 非集中的經(jīng)濟(jì)labor supply functions 勞動供給函數(shù)involuntary unemployment 非自愿失業(yè)Neoclassical equilibrium 新古典均衡comparative statics 比較靜態(tài)scale of exogenous monetary variables 外生貨幣變量比例static equilibrium 靜態(tài)均衡irrationality 非理性Phillips doctrine 菲利普斯學(xué)說Natural rate doctrine 自然率學(xué)說transitional effect 轉(zhuǎn)移效應(yīng)marginal productivity 邊際生產(chǎn)率full information 完全信息，充分信息mechanics of adjustment 調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制stochastic variables 隨機(jī)變量cost of mobility 流動成本frictional unemployment 摩擦性失業(yè)the mean duration of unemployment 平均失業(yè)時(shí)間長度inflation illusion 通脹幻覺Over-estimation of real wages 實(shí)際工資的高估substitution effect 替代效應(yīng)income effect 收入效應(yīng)under-estimation of price inflation 價(jià)格通脹的低估capital stocks 資本存量congestion theory 阻塞理論external effect 外部效應(yīng)deadweight loss 絕對虧損，沉重?fù)p失suboptimal 次優(yōu)stochastic macro-equilibrium 隨機(jī)宏觀均衡heterogeneous markets 異質(zhì)的市場monotonic function 單調(diào)函數(shù)asymmetry 不對稱relative wages 相對工資monopoly 壟斷oligopoly 寡占mark-ups 標(biāo)高（價(jià)格）administered price 規(guī)定價(jià)格econometric evidence 經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)量證明currency 通貨demand deposits 活期存款financial assets 金融資產(chǎn)reparations 賠款hyper-inflation 過度通貨膨脹anti-inflation 反通脹purchasing power 購買力pension funds 年金基金Pigou Effect 庇古效應(yīng)human capital 人力資本social utility 社會效用government regulations 政府管制， 政府規(guī)制，政府調(diào)節(jié)government intervention 政府干預(yù)government management 政府管理welfare macroeconomics 福利宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)other readingsEconomics 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) current income 現(xiàn)期收入 Future income 遠(yuǎn)期收入 econometrics 經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)量學(xué)positive economics 實(shí)證經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) normative economics 規(guī)范經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)net gains 凈利 economic rationality 經(jīng)濟(jì)理性institutionalist school 制度學(xué)派 neoclassical school 新古典學(xué)派maximum profit 最大化利潤decision maker 決策人 revenue 歲收comparative statics 比較靜態(tài) partial equilibrium 局部均衡 general equilibrium 一般均衡 heterogeneous 異質(zhì) technological progress 技術(shù)進(jìn)步scarce 稀缺 barter 易貨，物物交換 medium of exchange 交換媒介 economic system 經(jīng)濟(jì)體制Probabilistic laws 概率律 substitutes 替代品Resource allocation 資源配置 competition 競爭delivery time 交貨時(shí)間 decision making 決策 distribution 分配equilibrium price 均衡價(jià)格 equilibrium quantity 均衡產(chǎn)量Factor input 生產(chǎn)要素，投入要素 shortage 短缺radical economists 激進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家dynamics 動態(tài)學(xué) anti-trust law 反托拉斯法 marginal analysis 邊際分析 functional relationship 函數(shù)關(guān)系 merger 兼并 acquisition