issue 題庫翻譯.doc

ETS官網(wǎng)公布的ISSUE新題庫 This page contains the Issue topics for the Analytical Writing section of the GRE? revised General Test. When you take the test, you will be presented with one Issue topic from this pool. Each Issue topic consists of an issue statement or statements followed by specific task instructions that tell you how to respond to the issue. The wording of some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is presented here. Also, because there may be multiple versions of some topics with similar or identical wording but with different task instructions, it is very important to read your test topic and its specific task directions carefully and respond to the wording as it appears in the actual test. 1 As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate. 當(dāng)人們?cè)絹碓揭蕾嚰夹g(shù)去解決問題，人類獨(dú)立思考能力卻退化。2 To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities. 要想了解一個(gè)社會(huì)最重要的特征，人們必須研究這個(gè)社會(huì)主要的城市。3 Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. 教育機(jī)構(gòu)有責(zé)任勸阻學(xué)生不要從事不太可能成功的科學(xué)研究。4 Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could. 丑聞是有裨益的，因?yàn)樗鼈冏屓藗冏⒁獾揭恍﹩栴}，任何演說家和改革家都無法做到的。5 Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive. Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nations cultural traditions are preserved and generated. 結(jié)論：政府需要給社會(huì)主要城市提供財(cái)政支持，來保證其繁榮發(fā)展。原因：一個(gè)國家的文化傳統(tǒng)主要是在城市中得以傳承和發(fā)展。6 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. 在進(jìn)行大學(xué)教育以前，國家應(yīng)該要求所有的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)統(tǒng)一的國家課程。7 Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts. 有些人認(rèn)為政府對(duì)藝術(shù)的資助是有必要的，資助能夠保證藝術(shù)繁榮發(fā)展，并且讓所有人享受藝術(shù)。也有人認(rèn)為政府對(duì)藝術(shù)的資助會(huì)威脅到藝術(shù)的完整性。8 Claim: In any fieldbusiness, politics, education, governmentthose in power should step down after five years. Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership. 結(jié)論：如商業(yè)、政治、教育、政府，在任何領(lǐng)域中的掌權(quán)者應(yīng)該在五年后就讓位。原因：對(duì)于任何機(jī)構(gòu)，最可靠的成功途徑是通過新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)階層帶來革新。9 In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field. 任何研究領(lǐng)域，如果不首先接受該領(lǐng)域中過去成就的影響，就不可能會(huì)有意義重大的成功。10 Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.國家應(yīng)該通過法令保護(hù)任何存留的原生態(tài)地區(qū)保持原狀，即便這些地區(qū)可以用作商業(yè)開發(fā)。11 Peoples behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making. 人們的行為多是被外界力量所左右，難以被自己控制。12 Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition. 對(duì)任何被大學(xué)錄取但無法承擔(dān)學(xué)費(fèi)的學(xué)生，政府應(yīng)該為他們提供免費(fèi)大學(xué)教育。13 Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students field of study. 大學(xué)應(yīng)該要求每個(gè)學(xué)生選修自己專業(yè)以外的各種學(xué)科。14 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. 在進(jìn)行大學(xué)教育以前，國家應(yīng)該要求所有的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)統(tǒng)一的國家課程。15 Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers. 教育機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該積極鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生選擇那些為將來高收入工作鋪路的研究領(lǐng)域。16 Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. 有些人認(rèn)為，為了保證效力，政治領(lǐng)袖一定要屈從民眾意見，為妥協(xié)而放棄原則。也有人認(rèn)為，有效力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者一定具備持續(xù)堅(jiān)定自己原則和目標(biāo)的能力。17 Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free. 正規(guī)教育往往遏制學(xué)生的思維和精神，而不是解放思維和精神。18 The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority. 當(dāng)很多人都質(zhì)疑權(quán)威時(shí)，社會(huì)才會(huì)繁榮昌盛。19 Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future. 政府應(yīng)該把更多的精力放在解決當(dāng)務(wù)之急上，而不是試圖解決未來預(yù)期問題上。20 Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. 有些人認(rèn)為大學(xué)生應(yīng)該根據(jù)自己的才能和興趣選擇研究領(lǐng)域。也有人認(rèn)為大學(xué)生應(yīng)該選擇那些容易找到工作的研究領(lǐng)域。21 Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places. 法律應(yīng)該根據(jù)不同的環(huán)境、時(shí)期和地點(diǎn)而足夠靈活。22 Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models. Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a societys highest ideals. 結(jié)論：了解一個(gè)社會(huì)特點(diǎn)的最好方法是，考察這個(gè)社會(huì)標(biāo)榜的英雄人物和模范榜樣的特點(diǎn)。原因：英雄人物和模范榜樣揭示了一個(gè)社會(huì)的最高理念。23 Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development. 政府應(yīng)該盡量不去限制科學(xué)研究和發(fā)展。24 The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones. 教育的最佳方式是贊揚(yáng)積極的行為，忽視消極的行為。25 Governments should offer college and university education free of charge to all students. 政府應(yīng)該為所有的學(xué)生提供免費(fèi)的大學(xué)教育。26 The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals. 現(xiàn)代生活的奢華和便利，讓人們無法成為真正強(qiáng)大、獨(dú)立的個(gè)體。27 In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions. 在所有的研究領(lǐng)域中，新手要比專家更有可能獲得重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)。28 The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people. 一個(gè)國家的偉大體現(xiàn)在國民的安樂上，而不是體現(xiàn)在統(tǒng)治者、藝術(shù)家或科學(xué)家的成就上。29 The best way to teachwhether as an educator, employer, or parentis to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones. 無論是教育工作者、雇主，還是父母，教育的最佳方法是是贊揚(yáng)積極的行為，忽視消極的行為。30 Teachers salaries should be based on their students academic performance.教師的薪水應(yīng)該基于學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)。31 Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities. 社會(huì)應(yīng)該努力拯救瀕危物種，只要這些物種的滅絕是人類活動(dòng)的結(jié)果。32 College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. 大學(xué)生應(yīng)該選擇那些就業(yè)前景好的研究領(lǐng)域。33 As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious. 當(dāng)人們獲得越來越多的知識(shí)時(shí)，事情非但沒有變得更加透徹，反而更加復(fù)雜神秘。34 In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points of view. 在任何情況下，持有不同意見的人討論過程中才會(huì)有進(jìn)步。35 Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. 教育機(jī)構(gòu)有責(zé)任勸阻學(xué)生不要從事不太可能成功的科學(xué)研究。36 Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear. 政府不應(yīng)該資助任何后果不明的科學(xué)研究。37 Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents. 社會(huì)應(yīng)該甄別那些天資聰穎的孩子，并且年幼的時(shí)候就開始提供訓(xùn)練培養(yǎng)它們的才能。38 It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves. 我們主要通過認(rèn)同社會(huì)群體來定位自己。39 College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs. 應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)大學(xué)生選擇自己感興趣的課程，而不是那些容易找到工作的課程。40 Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students. Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying. 結(jié)論：在編制教學(xué)課程時(shí)，教育工作者應(yīng)該考慮學(xué)生的興趣和建議。原因：當(dāng)學(xué)生對(duì)所學(xué)的內(nèi)容感興趣時(shí)，他們學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)力更強(qiáng)。41 The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries. 個(gè)人的偉大是由后來人評(píng)判，不是由同時(shí)代的人來評(píng)判。42 Students should always question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively. 學(xué)生應(yīng)該質(zhì)疑所學(xué)的知識(shí)，而不是被動(dòng)的接受。43 The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves. 如今節(jié)奏日益加快的生活解決的問題，遠(yuǎn)不及帶來的麻煩。44 Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished. 結(jié)論：當(dāng)今任何社會(huì)已經(jīng)不再可能將任何在世的人標(biāo)榜為英雄人物。原因：任何人遭受媒體的監(jiān)察，必定會(huì)聲名掃地。45 Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education. 追求高分?jǐn)?shù)嚴(yán)重地限制各階段的學(xué)習(xí)質(zhì)量。46 Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students field of study. 大學(xué)應(yīng)該要求每個(gè)學(xué)生選修自己專業(yè)以外的各種學(xué)科。47 Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them. 教育工作者應(yīng)該發(fā)掘?qū)W生對(duì)課程的需求，并滿足他們。48 Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. 學(xué)生應(yīng)該先學(xué)習(xí)有助于解釋知識(shí)的理念、趨勢(shì)和概念后，教育工作者再教學(xué)生知識(shí)。49 Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own. Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.結(jié)論：相比意見不同的人來說，通常，我們從意見相同的人那里學(xué)的更多。原因：意見不統(tǒng)一會(huì)導(dǎo)致壓力，阻礙學(xué)習(xí)。50 Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve. 政府官員應(yīng)該依靠自己的判斷做決定，而不是不假思索地遵從大眾的意愿。51 Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition. 應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)年輕人追尋長期的、現(xiàn)實(shí)的目標(biāo)，而不是尋求短期的聲名。52 The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones. 教育的最佳方式是贊揚(yáng)積極的行為，忽視消極的行為。53 If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable. 只要值得，不擇手段達(dá)到目的是合理的。54 In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature. 為了成為全面發(fā)展的個(gè)體，應(yīng)該要求所有的大學(xué)生選擇可以閱讀詩歌、小說、神話等想象力文學(xué)的課程。55 In order for any work of artfor example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a songto have merit, it must be understandable to most people. 若是任何藝術(shù)作品（例如，電影、文學(xué)、雕塑或者歌曲）存在價(jià)值，都必須易于大多數(shù)人理解。56 Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another. 很多重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)或創(chuàng)造都是偶然的：通常，人們?yōu)橐粋€(gè)問題尋求答案時(shí)，通常獲得其他問題的答案。57 The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion that people living now are significantly different from people who lived in earlier times. 研究歷史的最大益處在于打破這樣的幻想：現(xiàn)代人和歷史上的人有很大不同。58 Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline; students cannot be motivated by school or college alone. 從根本上講，教育是個(gè)人的事情。學(xué)校不可能單方面激勵(lì)學(xué)生。59 Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people. 科學(xué)家和科研人員應(yīng)該研究更容易造福大眾的領(lǐng)域。60 Politicians should pursue common ground and reasonable consensus rather than elusive ideals. 政治家應(yīng)該尋求共同點(diǎn)和理性的一致，而不是深?yuàn)W的理想。61 People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered its consequences. 人們?cè)趶氖挛ｋU(xiǎn)活動(dòng)之前應(yīng)該認(rèn)真地考慮一下后果。62 Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者主要是由身負(fù)的責(zé)任所造就的。63 There is little justification for society to make extraordinary effortsespecially at a great cost in money and jobsto save endangered animal or plant species. 特別是考慮到花費(fèi)代價(jià)和精力，對(duì)于任何社會(huì)，投入巨大的努力拯救瀕危的動(dòng)植物是不合理的。64 The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds. 人類智慧終將優(yōu)于機(jī)器，因?yàn)闄C(jī)器只是人類智慧的工具。65 Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws. 每個(gè)社會(huì)成員都有責(zé)任遵守公正的法律，違抗不公平的法律。66 People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are also the most critical of it. 對(duì)于一種想法或者政策最忠實(shí)的人往往是那些對(duì)其最嚴(yán)厲的人。67 Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species, despite the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being. Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species. 有些人認(rèn)為，社會(huì)應(yīng)該拯救所有瀕危的動(dòng)植物，盡管花費(fèi)人類的精力、時(shí)間和資金。也有人認(rèn)為，社會(huì)沒有必要拯救瀕危物種，特別是需要花費(fèi)大量的資金和精力。68 Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. Others believe that formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free. 有些人認(rèn)為教育的目的是解放思維和精神。也有人認(rèn)為正規(guī)教育往往遏制學(xué)生的思維和精神，而不是解放它們。69 Some people believe it is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. Others believe that the public has a right to be fully informed.有些人認(rèn)為政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)向大眾隱瞞信息是有必要的，甚至是有益的。也有人認(rèn)為公眾有知情權(quán)利。70 Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students major field of study. Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated. 結(jié)論：大學(xué)應(yīng)該要求每個(gè)學(xué)生選修自己專業(yè)以外的各種學(xué)科。原因：接受真正的教育的最佳途徑是獲得各種學(xué)科知識(shí)。71 Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition. 應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)年輕人追尋長期的、現(xiàn)實(shí)的目標(biāo)，而不是尋求短期的聲名。72 Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear. 政府不應(yīng)該資助任何后果不明的科學(xué)研究。73 Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach. 學(xué)院和大學(xué)應(yīng)該要求所有的教員拿出時(shí)間，參與學(xué)術(shù)界以外與教學(xué)科目相關(guān)的領(lǐng)域工作。74 Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. 了解過去不能幫助人們?cè)诂F(xiàn)在做重要的決定。75 In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. 在這個(gè)媒體無孔不入的時(shí)代，當(dāng)今任何社會(huì)已經(jīng)不再可能將任何在世的人標(biāo)榜為英雄人物。76 We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own. 相比意見不同的人來說，通常，我們從意見相同的人那里學(xué)的更多。77 The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth. 了解當(dāng)代文化最有效的方式是分析當(dāng)代年輕人的潮流。78 Peoples attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by society as a whole. 人們的態(tài)度更多是由即時(shí)環(huán)境決定，而不是社會(huì)整體環(huán)境。79 Claim: The best test of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint. Reason: Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea. 結(jié)論：最能說明辯論效果的是，讓持有相反觀點(diǎn)的人信服。原因：面對(duì)疑問和他人相反的觀點(diǎn)，只有一個(gè)人為某觀點(diǎn)辯護(hù)時(shí)，他才能發(fā)現(xiàn)某觀點(diǎn)的價(jià)值所在。80 Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed. 當(dāng)有公民為饑餓和失業(yè)所困時(shí)，政府需要中止對(duì)藝術(shù)的資助。81 All parents should be required to volunteer time to their childrens schools. 所有的家長都必須無償?shù)貫樽优膶W(xué)?；ㄙM(fèi)時(shí)間。82 Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country. 學(xué)院或大學(xué)應(yīng)該要求學(xué)生在國外至少留學(xué)一個(gè)學(xué)期。83 Teachers salaries should be based on the academic performance of their students. 教師的薪水應(yīng)該基于學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)。84 It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. 當(dāng)今任何社會(huì)已經(jīng)不再可能將任何在世的人標(biāo)榜為英雄人物。85 Some people believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens. Others believe that the well-being of a society can only be measured by the general welfare of all its people. 有些人認(rèn)為，為了保證社會(huì)繁榮，相比個(gè)體民眾的安樂，社會(huì)整體的成功更為重要。也有人認(rèn)為，一個(gè)社會(huì)的繁榮，只能通過社會(huì)民眾的安樂來衡量。86 Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgment.有些人認(rèn)為政府官員應(yīng)該遵從大眾的意愿。也有人認(rèn)為政府官員依靠自己的判斷做決定。87 Claim: Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false in the future. Reason: Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate. 結(jié)論：任何被稱作事實(shí)的信息都應(yīng)該被懷疑，因?yàn)樗鼈兒芸赡茉趯肀蛔C明是錯(cuò)誤的。原因：很多被人們稱作是事實(shí)的信息結(jié)果是錯(cuò)誤的。88 Claim: Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed. Reason: It is inappropriateand, perhaps, even cruelto use public resources to fund the arts when peoples basic needs are not being met. 結(jié)論：當(dāng)有公民為饑餓和失業(yè)所困時(shí)，政府需要中止對(duì)藝術(shù)的資助。原因：當(dāng)人們的基本需求得不到保障時(shí)，使用公共資源扶持藝術(shù)是不合適的，甚至是殘忍的。89 Claim: Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system. Reason: Laws cannot change what is in peoples hearts or minds. 結(jié)論：現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的很多問題不能通過司法途徑解決。原因：法律無法改變?nèi)藗兊母星楹退枷搿?0 Educators should take students interests into account when planning the content of the courses they teach. 在編制教學(xué)內(nèi)容時(shí)，教育工作者應(yīng)該考慮學(xué)生的興趣。91 The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase peoples efficiency so that they have more leisure time. 技術(shù)進(jìn)步的首要目的是增加人們的效率，以便大家有更多閑暇的時(shí)間。92 Educators should base their assessment of students learning not on students grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate. 在評(píng)估學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)情況時(shí)，教育工作者應(yīng)該關(guān)注學(xué)生是否能夠解釋所學(xué)知識(shí)闡明的思想、趨勢(shì)和概念，而不是是否牢記知識(shí)。93 Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image. 很不幸，在當(dāng)代社會(huì)，打造一個(gè)引人入勝的外表已經(jīng)變得比外表下的內(nèi)容更加重要。94 The effectiveness of a countrys leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that countrys citizens. 國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)工作效能最好通過國民的安樂來評(píng)判。95 All parents should be required to volunteer time to their childrens schools. 所有的家長都必須無償?shù)貫樽优膶W(xué)?；ㄙM(fèi)時(shí)間。96 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. 在進(jìn)行大學(xué)教育以前，國家應(yīng)該要求所有的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)統(tǒng)一的國家課程。97 Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country. 學(xué)院或大學(xué)應(yīng)該要求學(xué)生在國外至少學(xué)習(xí)一個(gè)學(xué)期。98 Educational institutions should a