高考英語 閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)練習（19）.doc

2014高考英語閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)練習（19）及答案 第三部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分) 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(a、b、c和d)中，選出最佳選項。a(2012北京西城期末)traffic managementtraffic lights are key tools for regulating traffic flow.they are not，however，perfect.drivers complain the traffic jams that would happen at unmanaged crossings for a pattern of stopgo movement that can still be annoying，and which burns more fuel than a smooth passage.creating such a smooth passage means adjusting a vehicles speed so that it always arrives at the lights when they are green.that is theoretically possible，but practically hard.roadside signs wired to traffic lights can help get the message across a couple hundred metres from a crossing，but such signs are expensive，and are not widespread.margaret martonosi and emmanouil koukoumidis at princeton university，and lishiuan peh at the massachusetts institute of technology，however，have an idea that could make the process cheaper and more effective.instead of a hardwired network of signs，they propose to use mobile phone applications.for a driver to benefit，he must load the teams software，named signalguru，into his phone and then put it on a special thing attached to the inside of his cars windscreen，with the camera lens(鏡頭)pointing forward.signalguru is designed to detect traffic lights and track their status as red，yellow or green.it broadcasts this information to other phones in the area that are fitted with the same software，andif there are enough of themthe phones thus each know the status of most of the lights around town.using this information，signalguru is able to calculate the trafficlight schedule for the area and suggest the speed at which a driver should travel in order to avoid red lights.tests in cambridge，massachusetts，where five drivers were asked to follow the same route for three hours，and in singapore，where eight drivers were asked to follow one of two routes for 30 minutes，revealed that signalguru was capable of predicting trafficlight activity with an accuracy of 98.2% and 96.3% respectively，in the two cities.this was particularly impressive because in cambridge the lights shifted，roughly halfway through the test，from their unbusy schedule to their afternoontraffic schedule，while in singapore lights are adaptive，using detectors fixed under the road to determine how much traffic is present and thus when a signal should change.in neither case was signalguru fooled.fuel consumption fell，tooby about 20%.signalguru thus reduces both annoyance and fuel use，and makes going back and forth to work a slightly less horrible experience.56roadside signs wired to traffic lights are not the best way to create a smooth passage because _.athey are expensive and easily breakbthey are too costly and not widely usedcthey are complex and confusing to driversdthey are theoretically possible but practically useless57signalguru is an application used on _.aa camera ba computerca mobile phone da gps system in ones car58with the information it collects and processes，signalguru is able to _.ahelp drivers avoid traffic accidents bhelp drivers to adjust their speedcchange the traffic lights in advance dsend information to all cell phones59the tests in cambridge and signapore were impressive because signalguru _.aproved to be unreliable boperated at a high speedcfunctioned rather stably dunderstood drivers schedules56b根據(jù)文章第二段第三句中的“.but such signs are expensive，and are not widespread.”可知應(yīng)選b項。57c根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“for a driver to benefit，he must load the teams software，named signalguru，into his phone.”可知，signalguru是一種安裝在手機里的應(yīng)用軟件，故選c項。58b根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“using this information，signalguru is able to calculate the trafficlight schedule for the area and suggest the speed at which a driver should travel in order to avoid red lights.”可知，signalguru可以幫助司機調(diào)整車速，避免等紅燈。59c根據(jù)第四段中的“this was particularly impressive because in cambridge.in neither case was signalguru fooled.”可知，在這兩個試驗中，雖然各有干擾因素，但是signalguru運作相當穩(wěn)定，并未受到“愚弄”，因此選c項。閱讀（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）第一節(jié) 閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的a、b、c和d項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ain 1971 a young man who grew up very poor was traveling across the country, trying to make a new start for himself. along the way he had completely run out of money and was forced to spend the night in his car. this continued until one morning, after a week of sleeping in his car, he walked nervously into a restaurant and ordered a big breakfast.after eating his first good meal in weeks, he found himself lying to the waiter, telling him he had lost his wallet. the waiter, who was also the owner, walked behind the chair where they young man had been sitting. he bent down, and came up with a $20 bill that looked as if it had fallen on the floor and said, “son, you must have dropped this,” the owner said. the young man couldnt believe his luck! he quickly paid for the breakfast, left a tip, bought gas with the change, and headed west.on the way out of town, he began to understand what that fellow did. maybe nobody dropped the money at all. “maybe that fellow just knew i was in trouble and he helped me in a way that didnt embarrass（使困窘）me. so i just made a promise to help other people if i can.”later, he worked very hard and became a rich man. now, he lives near kansas city. each year he gives away thousands of dollars. he is known as the “secret santa” because at christmas time each year, he personally hands money out to those on the street and at restaurants. last year, he gave more than $50,000 away in kansas city.51. the young man was traveling across the country in 1971 probably to _.a. find a piece of work to dob. hand out gifts to passers-byc. look for a good restaurantd. show his new car to others52. the underlined word “this” in the second paragraph refers to _.a. a walletb. his luckc. the $20 billd. his tip53. on the way out of town, the young man got to know that _.a. it was very honest of the owner to return his moneyb. another man who had breakfast in the restaurant lost the moneyc. he could probably find himself a job in the restaurantd. the owner helped him in a way that didnt hurt his feelings54. from this text we can infer that _.a. the man raised money for the poorb. the man did carry out his promisec. santa gives the man money each yeard. the man was not successful in the end55. the best title for this text may be _.a. secret santa of kansas cityb. the key to successc. a kind waiter in the restaurantd. never give up參考答案-51-55 acdbapassage a本文是一篇記敘文，講述了一位神秘的圣誕老人的故事。51. a. 推理判斷題 本文第一段trying to make a new start for himself告訴我們這個人在尋求事業(yè)上新的開始。52. c. 指代關(guān)系題 第二段提到餐館老板舉起一張20美元的鈔票，問是否是年輕人丟的。由此可知，this指的是這20美元的鈔票。53. d. 事實細節(jié)題 第三段告訴我們年輕人逐漸明白了老板是為了不傷害自己的自尊心，不使自己感到尷尬才這么做的。54. b. 推理判斷題 第三段說so i just made a promise to help other people if i can. 最后一段就告訴我們他每年圣誕節(jié)都要幫助很多人，可見他兌現(xiàn)了自己的諾言。55. a. 主旨大意題 本文給我們講述的就是一位神秘的圣誕老人的故事。(2012陜西師大附中月考)increasingly，americans are becoming their own doctors，by going online to diagnose their symptoms，order home health tests or medical devices，or even selftreat their illnesses with drugs from internet pharmacies(藥店)some avoid doctors because of the high cost of medical care，especially if they lack health insurance.or they may stay because they find it embarrassing to discuss their weight，alcohol consumption or couch potato habits.patients may also fear what they might learn about their health，or they distrust physicians because of negative experiences in the past.but playing doctor can also be a deadly game.every day，more than six million americans turn to the internet for medical answersmost of them arent nearly skeptical enough of what they find.a 2002 survey by the pew internet & american life project found that 72 percent of those surveyed believe all or most of what they read on health websites.they shouldnt.look up “headache”，and the chances of finding reliable and complete information，free from a motivation for commercial gain，are only one in ten，reports an april 2005 brown medical school study.of the 169 websites the researchers rated，only 16 scored as “high quality”recent studies found faulty facts about all sorts of other disorders，causing one research team to warn that a large amount of incomplete，inaccurate and even dangerous information exists on the internet.the problem is that most people dont know the safe way to surf the web.“they use a search engine like google，get 18 trillion choices and start clicking.but thats risky.because almost anybody can put up a site that looks authoritative(權(quán)威的)，its hard to know whether what youre reading is reasonable or not，” says dr.sarah bass from the national cancer institute.60according to the text，an increasing number of americans _.aare suffering from mental disorders bturn to internet for helpclike to play deadly games with doctors dare skeptical about surfing medical websites61according to the study of brown medical school，_.amore than 6 million americans distrust doctorsbonly 1/10 of medical websites aim to make a profitcabout 1/10 of the websites surveyed are of high qualityd72% of health websites offer incomplete and faulty information62which of the following is the authors main argument?aits cheap to selftreat your own illness.bits embarrassing to discuss your bad habits.cits reasonable to put up a medical website. dits dangerous to be your own doctor.63according to dr.sarah bass，what is the problem with the people turning to the internet for medical help?athey have no idea what search engines are safe.bthey always click too many authoritative sites.cthey are eager to apply what they read on the net.dthey dont know how to get safe information while surfing the internet.60b由全文第一句“increasingly，americans are becoming their own doctors，by going online to diagnose their symptoms.”可知答案為b項。61c由第二段中的“of the 169 websites the researchers rated，only 16 scored as high quality”可知，169家保健網(wǎng)站，只有16家安全可靠，即占約1/10。故答案為c項。62d文章首先談到越來越多的美國人生病不再去看醫(yī)生，而通過上網(wǎng)買藥治病，自己當醫(yī)生；下文又講到網(wǎng)上的信息并不安全可靠，許多網(wǎng)站存在不完整、不準確，甚至是危險的信息。故作者認為自己診治自己的做法是危險的。63d由最后一段內(nèi)容尤其是第一句可知dr.sarah bass認為多數(shù)人并不知道如何在網(wǎng)上得到安全可靠的信息。*結(jié)束 (2012山西山大附中月考)awardwinning author emma donoghues latest book，room，is a unique and amazing story about a boys experience living in a small，windowless room with his mother.the 11squarefoot space between the walls of the room is actually all the boy knows because he was born there and has never left.room will horrify，surprise，sadden，and finally delight you.attracted from the start，readers of all sorts wont want to put room down.first published in the us.in september 2010publisher：little brown321 pagesliterary master ian mcewan returns with solar，a novel about a nobel prizewinning physicist.the physicists personal life is in a mess as his fifth marriage breaks up，but this time he actually loves his wife and wants to make things better.solar is a funny story，completely unusual and as good as anything the writer has ever written.published in march 2010publisher：knopf doubleday304 pagesone day by david nicholls was an international bestseller before it was released in the us.in june.although it is well written and funny at times，dont be fooledthis isnt a romantic comedy.if you decide to read it，be prepared for some heavy moments.published in the us.in june 2010publisher：vintage contemporaries437 pagesfall of giants by ken follett is the first book in a new trilogy(three books)that will take readers through the major events of the twentieth century by following five families.in fall of giants，most of the action centers on world war and the bolshevik revolution.although fall of giants is more than 1,000 pages and has many characters，the story is remarkably connected.published in september 2010publisher：dutton1008 pages64according to the text，the latest and longest novel is _.aroom bsolar cone day dfall of giants65we can know from the text that _.athe main character of room has a wide range of knowledgebsolar is the only book that ian mcewan has ever writtencall the four books were not published in the same monthdone day is a funny romantic comedy that sells very well66what can we infer from the passage?aian mcewans fifth marriage broke up.broom by emma donoghue has a happy ending.cthe publisher of one day is little brown.ddutton and ken follett are both publishers.64d根據(jù)四本書的出版時間和頁數(shù)可知選d項。65c根據(jù)四本書的出版時間可知，一本在3月出版，一本是在6月出版，還有兩本在9月出版，故c項正確。66b從第一段的“.finally delight you.”可知，room這本書有一個愉快的結(jié)局。*結(jié)束 in the face of tragedy(悲劇)，you must of course let yourself feel：cry without holding back，shake with fear，yell out in anger，accept and follow your feelings.this is part of the wise approach to tragedy：the upward paththe feeling of emotions(情感)，the acceptance of them，and the coupling of the emotional mind with wisdom.along this path，youll take the experienceno matter how sad or upsettingas a learning event，just as all other points on your journey will prove to be.while tragic，you must recognize this is still a chance for all involved to grow.you should let both sadness and joy，fear and courage，dark and light fill your world，and learn to find your steady，calm center in the midst of the opposing forces.this is the upward path.use the event as a chance to gain balance and discover wisdomthe wisdom of love and of letting go，of nonattachment and nonresistance，and using this experience to eventually help others in need of guidance.being able to relate to others who have also experienced tragedy and inspire in them hopeof recovery，of insight，and of moving forwardis perhaps the greatest gift you can receive from tragedy.turn the negative into positive，the pain into connection.after youve taken appropriate time to be sad，to feel your own pain，you should make it your work，your goal，your purpose to connect with others who need help.show them how youve experienced feelings，achieved balance，and gained wisdom that you would never have otherwise had the