虛擬+倒裝完整歸納.doc

虛擬語(yǔ)氣（往前推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)）1、 if條件句 1）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：If sb did,sb should/would/could/might do. 2）與過去事實(shí)相反：If sb had done,sb should/would/could/might have done. 3）與將來事實(shí)相反：If sb should do sb should/would/could/might do were(to do) did , Ps:1）條件句中出現(xiàn)were,had,should可省去if,將主語(yǔ)與這些詞倒裝 e.g:Should it rain tomorrow,we would stay at home. 2）混合虛擬 e.g：If I had seen the movie,I would tell you all about it now.2、 名詞性虛擬語(yǔ)氣 表示命令、建議、要求、驚嘆insist(堅(jiān)持要做用虛擬，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為不用虛擬),suggest,advise, propose, recommend,require,demand etc的名詞性從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，sb (should) do. e.g:I insisted he go to see a doctor,but he insisted nothing was wrong with him.3、 含蓄條件句和一些特殊詞的使用1） wish 與未來愿望不一致 sb would/could do 與現(xiàn)在愿望不一致 sb did/were 與過去愿望不一致 sb had done2） Its about/high time that sb did/should(不能省) do.3） If only感嘆句=How I wish4） would rather/had rather/would sooner: 對(duì)過去虛擬 had done;對(duì)現(xiàn)在與將來虛擬 did/were e.g:Id rather you had seen the film yesterday. Id rather you were here now. 5） as if/though e.g:They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. Ps:a.從句內(nèi)容若為事實(shí)或可能為事實(shí)，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣 It looks as if well be late. b.Itisntasifyou did not know the matter. 你又不是不知道這件事的6） Without,otherwise,but for(要不是因?yàn)? ,even if/though常暗含虛擬條件7） 恐怕，以防萬一：for fear that,lest,in case e.g:He started out earlier lest he should be late.倒裝句1、 完全倒裝(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ))1） There be(exist,seem,happen,appear,live,stand)2） Here, there, now, then, thus等adv置于句首, 常用be, come, go, lie, run等+主語(yǔ) Ps:a.除了then引導(dǎo)的常用過去時(shí)，其他一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) b.是名詞才倒裝，代稱不倒裝3） 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首 e.g:Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.4） 分詞/adi/代詞(such) + be +主語(yǔ) e.g:Gone are the days when they could do what they like to the Chinese people. Such was the story he told me.2、部分倒裝（助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)）1）so, neither, nor開頭，表示重復(fù)前句內(nèi)容，應(yīng)與原句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)一致 Ps:a.當(dāng)so引出的句子是對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為的確如此 b.He has been to Beijing.So have I. 表示一個(gè)復(fù)雜的情況用：So it is with.=So it is the same with.2） Only修飾狀語(yǔ)置于句首(+adv/介詞短語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)從句)，主句倒裝 e.g:Only in this way, can you learn English well. Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. Ps:a.如果為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝 Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed b. Only修飾主語(yǔ)不倒裝 Only Tom knows about it.3） 否定意義或半否定意義的adv于句首 no, not, never seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, barely,rarely 決不at no time, by no means, on no account, on no condition,in no case, under/in no circumstances, in no way, not until 主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝 e.g:Not a word did he say about his visit to the art musuem. Not until the child fell asleep the mother did leave the room.4）以否定連詞開頭作部分倒裝 Not onlybut also, 一.就.：Hardly/Scarcely had done. when did, No soonerthan e.g:Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.5）as,though引導(dǎo) Ps:a.句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞 Tallest as/though she is, she cant reach it. (倒裝后，最高級(jí)前不用冠詞) Child as he is, he knows a lot.(倒裝后，單數(shù)名詞前不用a) b. 句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前 Fail as I did, I would try again. (倒裝后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前，在主語(yǔ)后添加助動(dòng)詞) Hard as he tried, he didnt pass the exam.(副詞提到句首) Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞與狀語(yǔ)一起提前) c.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，有though，although時(shí)，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用6） so that，suchthat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)so和such位于句首時(shí)，用”so/such + adj. + 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)” e.g:So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 7） if虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句8） 句首是表頻率的副詞及短語(yǔ) many a time,often,now and again,once a week,every