華政國(guó)際法考研名解整理.doc

一、國(guó)際公法名詞解釋 1.Archipelagic sea lane passage 群島海道通過(guò) 2.straight baseline 直線(xiàn)基線(xiàn) 3.exclusive economic zone 專(zhuān)署經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū) 4.Martens clause 5.jus cogens 強(qiáng)行法 6.condominium 共同管轄權(quán) 7.neutralized states 中立國(guó) 8.the sector principle 扇形原則 9.attaches 附屬?lài)?guó)/添附 10.natural prolongation principles 自然延長(zhǎng)原則 11.pacta sunt servanda 約定必須遵守批 12.principle of effectiveness 有效原則 13.par in parem non habet jurisdictionem 平等者之間無(wú)管轄權(quán) 14.accretion 添附 15.jus sanguinis 血統(tǒng)主義 16.rebus sic stantibus 17.retortion 報(bào)復(fù) 18.extra territorial asylum 領(lǐng)事庇護(hù)、域外庇護(hù) 19.a delict jure genetium 20.treaty-contracts 21.international comity 國(guó)際法院 22.Drago Doctrine 美洲國(guó)家在反對(duì)歐洲列強(qiáng)以“索債”為名進(jìn)行武裝干涉方面制定的著名國(guó)際法原則。 1902年，英國(guó)、德國(guó)和意大利借口委內(nèi)瑞拉未能及時(shí)償還債務(wù)，出動(dòng)海軍聯(lián)合封鎖委內(nèi)瑞拉港口，并擊沉委內(nèi)瑞拉軍艦。針對(duì)英國(guó)、德國(guó)和意大利武力索債的行徑，阿根廷外長(zhǎng)路易斯德拉果在1902年12月29日致函美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院，建議簽訂國(guó)際協(xié)定，在一個(gè)國(guó)家不能支付外國(guó)人持有的公債義務(wù)時(shí)，該外國(guó)人的本國(guó)不得使用武力索債，這一主張被稱(chēng)為德拉果主義。 23.trust territories 托管理事會(huì)組織？24.cession 割讓 25.jus soli 屬地原則26.signature ad referendum 暫簽 27.continental shelf 大陸架 28.Westphalia Congress 維斯特法利亞國(guó)會(huì)/立法會(huì) 29.Diplomatic Corps 外交團(tuán) 30.the legation premises 使館（外交人員的經(jīng)營(yíng)場(chǎng)所） 31.nuncios 羅馬教廷大使？32.the peaceful co-existence principle 和平共處原則 33.non-belligerents 不交戰(zhàn)者、中立者 34.Full Power 全權(quán)證書(shū) 35.changes daffaires 36.exequatur 37.letter of Credence 國(guó)書(shū) 38.NiZhengyu;LiHaopei;ShiJiuyong;He Qizhi;Zhaolihai 39.Caonnally Reservation 40.Law-making contract 造法性條約 41.Super-national Law 超國(guó)法 42.the right of collective self-defence 集體自衛(wèi)權(quán) 43.jus non scriptum 44.the nations penal obligation 國(guó)家刑事責(zé)任 45.International Usage/ International Custom 國(guó)際習(xí)慣/國(guó)際慣例 46.Instant International Customary Law 47.persona non grata 不受歡迎的人 48.Lateran Treaty拉忒蘭條約 49.consular privileges and immunities 領(lǐng)事人員特權(quán)與豁免/外交特權(quán)與豁免 50.effective control 有效控制 51. aut dedere aut punire 引渡或仲裁 52. transit passage 過(guò)渡條款 53. Sector Principle 扇形原則 54. Asylum 庇護(hù) 55. erga omnes obligations 各國(guó)對(duì)國(guó)際社會(huì)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任 56. Lauterpacht;Grotius;Austin 勞特派特、格老秀斯、奧斯汀 58. opinio juris 法律確信 59. Optional Compulsory Jurisdiction 60. Jus ad Bellum 61. Extradition 62. Environment Impact Assessment 環(huán)境影響評(píng)估 63. Double vote 雙重否決 64. High Seas 公海 5. Right of visit 登臨權(quán) 66. Right of Hot Pursuit 67. Transit Passage 通過(guò)權(quán) 68. Parrallel Exploitation System 平行開(kāi)發(fā)制 69. Prescription 時(shí)效 70. Special Mission 特別使團(tuán) 解釋并比較: 1. de jure recognition / de facto recognition 法律承認(rèn)/事實(shí)上的承認(rèn) 2. Good office / mediation / Conciliation斡旋/調(diào)停/協(xié)商、和解 3. Initialling / siganature ad referendum p.198 4. Revision / Amendent / Modification修訂/修正案/更改 5. territorial Asylum / extra-territorial Asylum域內(nèi)庇護(hù)/域外庇護(hù) 6. Universal Jurisdiction / protective Jurisdiction普遍管轄權(quán)/保護(hù)性管轄權(quán) 7. Right of self-preservation自保權(quán) 8. rendition投降 9. retorsion / reprisal報(bào)復(fù)/報(bào)復(fù)性擄掠10. right of innocent passage / right of transit passage無(wú)害通過(guò)權(quán)/通過(guò)權(quán)11. exequatur / letter of Credence 12. authentication / signature認(rèn)證/簽署 13. international delinquency 14. indemnity / reparation 二、國(guó)際私法名詞解釋 1.Fraus Omnia Comunpit 2.lex loci re sitae 3.state immunity國(guó)家豁免權(quán) 4.characteristic performance 5.remission revoi一級(jí)反致 6.Bustamante Code布斯塔曼特法典 7.lex loci solutionis合同履行地法 8.lex volutatis當(dāng)事人合意選擇的法律 9.Bartoles巴托魯斯 10.Renvoi au second degre 11.Migratory marriage 12.Bona vacantia 13.Interregional conflicts law區(qū)際法律沖突 14.act jure gestionis 15.putative marriage事實(shí)婚姻 16.locus regit actum （in arbitration law）場(chǎng)所支配行為 17.the proper law of the arbitration agreement仲裁協(xié)議所適用的準(zhǔn)據(jù)法 18.ana-national or denationalized approach開(kāi)除國(guó)籍的手段 19.jurisdiction concerning the jurisdiction （in arbitration law） 20.the collected jurisdiction 21.favor validitatis / ut res magis valeat quam pereat （in arbitration law） 22.severability of arbitration clause可分離的仲裁條款 23.the jurisdiction doctrine under internet circumstance在英特網(wǎng)環(huán)境下的管轄權(quán)原則 24.pro-arbitration專(zhuān)家仲裁 25.theory of Party-autonomic意思自治說(shuō) 26. law District 法律管轄權(quán) 27. Amiable Arbitration 28. Ad Hoc Arbitration 29. rule of double actionability 雙重可訴原則 30. Mandatory rules 強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定 30. domicile of choice 住所地的選擇 31. preliminary question 先決問(wèn)題 32. Inderect Renovi 間接反致 33. lex causae 34. lex loci delicti 35. formula of attribution 歸屬的慣例 36.Reese;Fuld;Cavers;Cook;Rabel;Dicey; Mancini:Beale;Savigny;Story;Huber;Bartolus里斯、富德、卡弗斯、庫(kù)克、拉沛爾、戴賽、孟西尼、？、薩維尼、施托里、胡伯、巴托魯斯 37. Severability of Arbitration Agreement 可分離的仲裁條款 38. the collected jurisdiction of China middle court 39. local law theory本國(guó)法學(xué)說(shuō) 40. Comitas Gentium 41. bilateral conflict rules 雙邊沖突規(guī)范 42. depecage 43. lex arbitri 仲裁法 44. Proper law doctrine 準(zhǔn)據(jù)法原則 三、國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)法 （內(nèi)容不全待補(bǔ)充）1.passing of Risk 2.FCA 貨交承運(yùn)人p.162 3.review mechanism in WTO 4.Cumulative assessment 5.Government Procurement 6.Safeguard Measures 保障措施p.54 7.deductive value （in customs valuation） 扣減價(jià)格 8.the new development of WTO WTO 的新發(fā)展 9.the protection measure of Intellectual Property under internet circumstance 在因特網(wǎng)情形下的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)措施 10.Hard loan（in international financial law） 硬貸款p.433 11.Principle of Transparency 透明度原則p.49 13.EDI 電子數(shù)據(jù)交換p.112 14.Expropriation 15.Method of Tax Deduction 扣除法p.600 16.Subsidy and Countervailing Measures 17.bill of exchange 匯票 18.holding company 控股公司 19.general average contribution 共同海損分?jǐn)傎M(fèi)用 20.Risk of Renege 21.occupational work 22.Tax haven 避稅港 23.confirmed credit 保兌信用證24.passing of risks 25.non-recourse loan 26.parallel importation 平行進(jìn)口27.Despatch money 28.back to back L/C;revolving L/C;reciprocal L/C 對(duì)背信用證/循環(huán)信用證/對(duì)開(kāi)信用證p.260 29.Anti-circumvention clause 30.Restrictive Business practice 31.grace period (as in intellectual property) 32.Tax sparing 四、補(bǔ)充: 請(qǐng)指出是哪個(gè)國(guó)際組織的縮寫(xiě) 國(guó)際公法 1.WMO(World Meteorological Organization),世界氣象組織 2.WHO( World Health Organization). 世界衛(wèi)生組織 3.ILO(InternationalLabor Organization),國(guó)際勞工組織 4.UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization)聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織 5.ICAO(International Civil Aeronautics Organization.)國(guó)際民航組織 6.IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency),國(guó)際原子能組織 7.ITU(International Telecommunications Union),國(guó)際電信同盟 8.UPU (Universal Postal Union),萬(wàn)國(guó)郵政聯(lián)盟 9.FAO聯(lián)合國(guó)糧食農(nóng)業(yè)組織 10.IMF (International Monetary Fund) 國(guó)際貨幣基金組織 11.IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development). 國(guó)際復(fù)興與開(kāi)發(fā)銀行 12.IFC(International Finance Corporation),國(guó)際金融組織 13.IDA(International Development association), 國(guó)際開(kāi)發(fā)協(xié)會(huì) 14.WIPO(World Intellectual Property Organization)，世界知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)組織 15.IFAD(International Fund for Agricultural Development), 國(guó)際農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展基金 國(guó)際私法名詞解釋匯總強(qiáng)effect principle (in anti-monopoly law) 第一課：國(guó)際私法概論沖突法 the conflict of laws沖突規(guī)范conflict rules法律適用規(guī)范 rules of application of law法律選擇規(guī)范 choice-of-law rules法域law district國(guó)際法律沖突 international conflict of laws國(guó)際交往互利 Mutual Benefit in International Communication國(guó)際私法 Private International Law國(guó)際私法規(guī)范rules of private international law國(guó)際條約 International Conventions國(guó)際統(tǒng)一程序法條約 conventions on international procedure law國(guó)際統(tǒng)一沖突法條約 conventions on conflict of laws國(guó)際統(tǒng)一實(shí)體法條約 conventions on international uniform substantive law任意性慣例 non-exclusive usages涉外私法Foreign Private Law涉外因素 foreign elements屬地管轄權(quán) territorial jurisdiction屬人管轄權(quán)personal jurisdiction隱存的法律沖突 potential conflict of laws直接調(diào)整方法direct approach第二課：沖突法的理論發(fā)展史巴托魯斯Bartolus本地法說(shuō)Local Law Theory本國(guó)法lex partriae布魯歇 Brocher達(dá)讓特萊 DArgent戴賽 Dicey杜摩蘭 Dumoulin法律關(guān)系本座說(shuō) Doctrine of the Seat of Particular Legal Relationships法則區(qū)別說(shuō)Statutist Theory國(guó)際禮讓說(shuō) Comity Theory胡伯 Huber混合法則 statuta mixta既得權(quán)說(shuō) the Theory of Vested or Acquired Rights結(jié)果選擇方法result-selecting rules卡弗斯Cavers客觀標(biāo)志原則the Objective Contacts Doctrine柯里Currie庫(kù)克 Cook里斯 Reese孟西尼 Mancini戚希爾 Cheshire人的法則 statuta personalia薩維尼 Savigny斯托雷 Story物的法則 statuta realia虛假?zèng)_突 false conflicts真實(shí)沖突 true Conflicts政府利益分析說(shuō)Governmental Interests Analysis重力中心說(shuō) the Center of Gravity Test重力中心地 Center of Gravity最密切聯(lián)系說(shuō) Doctrine of the Most Significant Relationship最真實(shí)聯(lián)系說(shuō) the Most Real Contact Doctrine第三課：國(guó)際私法的主體不歧視待遇non-discriminate treatment法定住所 statutory domicile法人 legal person法人的國(guó)籍 nationality of legal person法人的住所 domicile of legal person國(guó)籍的積極沖突 positive conflict of nationality國(guó)籍的消極沖突 negative conflict of nationality國(guó)家及其財(cái)產(chǎn)豁免immunities of states and their property國(guó)民待遇 National Treatment國(guó)有化nationalization居所 residence絕對(duì)豁免論 The Doctrine of Absolute Immunity實(shí)際國(guó)籍 nationalit effective司法管轄豁免 immunity from jurisdiction限制豁免論 The Doctrine of Relative or Restrictive Immunity選擇住所 domicile of choice優(yōu)惠待遇 Preferential Treatment原始住所 domicile of origin執(zhí)行豁免immunity from execution住所 domicile最惠國(guó)待遇 the Most Favored-nation Treatment, MFN第四課：沖突規(guī)范與準(zhǔn)據(jù)法場(chǎng)所支配行為 locus regit actum重疊適用的沖突規(guī)范double conflict rules單邊沖突規(guī)范 unilateral conflict rules當(dāng)事人合意選擇的法律 lex voluntatis定性 qualification動(dòng)態(tài)連結(jié)點(diǎn) variable point of contact法院地法 lex fori識(shí)別 classification附帶問(wèn)題 Lawincidental question國(guó)際慣例 International Usages合同締結(jié)地法lex loci contractus靜態(tài)連結(jié)點(diǎn) constant point of contact客觀連結(jié)點(diǎn) the objective point of contact空間法律沖突 inter-spatial conflict of laws連結(jié)點(diǎn) point of contact連結(jié)對(duì)象 object of connection連結(jié)因素 connecting factor民法施行法 EGBGB旗國(guó)法law of the flag侵權(quán)行為地法 lex loci delicti人際法律沖突 Inter-personal conflict of laws時(shí)際法律沖突 Inter-temporal conflict of laws實(shí)體規(guī)范substantive rules時(shí)效問(wèn)題 Limitation of actions , statute of limitation實(shí)質(zhì)性連結(jié)因素標(biāo)準(zhǔn) material connecting factors criterion屬人法 lex personalis雙邊沖突規(guī)范 bilateral conflict rules外國(guó)法的適用application of Foreign Laws物之所在地法lex rei sitae; lex situs系屬公式 formula先決問(wèn)題 preliminary question行為地法 lex loci actus選擇適用的沖突規(guī)范 alternative conflict rules主觀連結(jié)點(diǎn) subjective point of contact住所地法 lex domicile準(zhǔn)據(jù)法 applicable law, lex causae自體法說(shuō) the Proper Law Doctrine第五課：沖突規(guī)范的運(yùn)用（沖突規(guī)范的制度）（一）單一反致 single renvoi二級(jí)識(shí)別 secondary characterization反致 renvoi分析法學(xué)與比較法說(shuō) the Theory of Analytical Jurisprudence and Comparative個(gè)案識(shí)別說(shuō) qualification case by case識(shí)別 characterization雙重反致 double renvoi外國(guó)法院說(shuō)foreign court theory狹義的反致 remission一級(jí)識(shí)別 primary characterization轉(zhuǎn)致 transmission準(zhǔn)據(jù)法說(shuō) lex causae第六課：沖突規(guī)范的運(yùn)用（沖突規(guī)范的制度）（二）法律規(guī)避 evasion of law公共秩序保留 reservation of public order公共政策 public policy外國(guó)法內(nèi)容的查明ascertainment of foreign law第七課：民事能力的法律適用宣告死亡declaration of absence自然人權(quán)利能力 Legal capacity自然人的行為能力 Disposing capacity第八課：物權(quán)的法律適用船舶抵押權(quán) ship mortgage船舶留置權(quán)possessors lien on vessel船舶所有權(quán) ownership of ship船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)maritime lien物權(quán) Real Rights第九課、第十課 涉外合同的法律適用與案例研習(xí)BOT 投資方式 Build-Operate-Transfer當(dāng)事人意思自治autonomy of will分割方法 choosing and picking, depecage合同自體法理論 the proper law of the Contract特征性履行方法Characteristic Performance信托 trusts意思自治原則 Party Autonomy最密切聯(lián)系地法law of the place of the most significant relationship最密切聯(lián)系原則 the Most Closest Connect Doctrine第十一課： 涉外侵權(quán)的法律適用比較損害方法comparative-impairment approach船舶碰撞 collision侵權(quán)行為 tort侵權(quán)行為地法law of the place of wrong雙重可訴原則 rule of double actionability第十二課：涉外婚姻家庭的法律適用跛腳婚姻 limping marriage夫妻關(guān)系 matrimonial relationship婚姻舉行地法 lex loci celebrationis監(jiān)護(hù) custody離婚 Divorce親子關(guān)系 parent-children relationship收養(yǎng) adoption準(zhǔn)正 legitimation第十三課：涉外繼承的法律適用法定繼承 intestate succession繼承 succession區(qū)別制 separate system同一制 unitary system第十四課 國(guó)際民事訴訟程序（一）程序規(guī)范 procedure rules對(duì)人訴訟管轄權(quán)in personam jurisdiction對(duì)物訴訟管轄權(quán) in rem jurisdiction法定管轄 statutory jurisdiction管轄權(quán)選擇方法 jurisdiction-selecting rules國(guó)際民事案件管轄權(quán)international civil jurisdiction國(guó)際民事訴訟程序 international civil litigation國(guó)際民事訴訟法 International Civil Procedure Law內(nèi)國(guó)裁決 domestic award任意管轄權(quán) non-exclusive jurisdiction挑選法院 forum shopping協(xié)議管轄 jurisdiction by agreement小型審判 Mini Trial第十五課 國(guó)際民事訴訟程序（二）承認(rèn)與執(zhí)行外國(guó)法院判決 recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments國(guó)際司法協(xié)助 international judicial assistance領(lǐng)事代理 consular agency領(lǐng)事途徑 consular mechanism訴訟代理 litigation agency訴訟費(fèi)用擔(dān)保 security for cost外交途徑 diplomatic mechanism域外送達(dá) service abroad域外調(diào)查取證extraterritorial discovery and taking evidence abroad直接送達(dá) direct service中央機(jī)關(guān)途徑central authority mechanism第十七課 國(guó)際商事仲裁 (一)ADR 解決方法Alternative Dispute Resolution常設(shè)仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)permanent arbitration agency國(guó)際商會(huì)仲裁院 Court of Arbitration ， ICC國(guó)際