高一英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)語(yǔ)法詞性詳解動(dòng)詞課件.ppt

高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 詞性詳解,動(dòng),詞,二、動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi),(1),(3),(2),一、動(dòng)詞的定義,三、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài),四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,五、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),2.一般過(guò)去時(shí),3.一般將來(lái)時(shí),4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),7.過(guò)去完成時(shí),8.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),六、動(dòng)詞的基本形式,一、按詞義和句中的作用，動(dòng)詞可以分為四類(lèi),二、按動(dòng)詞的形式可以分為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,1、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(如下),與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)一致,與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)一致,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)生者或者承受者,說(shuō)話人表達(dá)事實(shí)、要求、愿望等,I am reading now. 第一人稱(chēng),He writes well. 第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),He wrote a letter to me last month. 過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),We study English.主動(dòng) The road was filled with rubbish. 被動(dòng),He has flown to America. 事實(shí) I wish I could fly to the moon some day. 愿望,2、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),常與連詞：when , as soon as , before , after , until , if 如果，等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或條件狀語(yǔ)從句,2.一般過(guò)去時(shí),(1).表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài). e.g. He arrived in Hangzhou an hour ago. Where were you just now?,(2).表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間里反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài). e.g. Their children often went hungry in the old days. During his middle school years, he played football nearly every day.,(3).表示主語(yǔ)過(guò)去的特征或性格等. e.g. At that time she spoke very good English.,(4).一般過(guò)去時(shí)往往和明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.如:yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, in 1996, at that time 等,也常和when, if等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句連用. e.g. Did you play volleyball yesterday afternoon? My father, when he was a child, worked 15 hours for the landlord a day.,(5).一般過(guò)去時(shí)可與today, this week, this month等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用. e.g. I saw him today. He came late three times this week.,3.一般將來(lái)時(shí),.will / shall +動(dòng)詞原形(備：在口語(yǔ)中，shall和will?？s寫(xiě)成“l(fā)l“，緊接在主語(yǔ)之后。其否定式shall not和will not的簡(jiǎn)略式分別為shant和wont),(1)構(gòu)成,. be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形,. be + 動(dòng)詞-ing形式（動(dòng)詞-ing形式通常是表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，如arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get等）,.be + 動(dòng)詞不定式 （例：You are to be back before 10:00 p.m 你必須在上午10點(diǎn)前回來(lái)。表示按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事 ）,3.一般將來(lái)時(shí),(2)用法,(3)常用結(jié)構(gòu),4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),(1)意義：,(2)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+be+現(xiàn)在分詞(v.+ing),注:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)往往與always連用，給現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作披上一層感情色彩。,5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),(1)意義：,（2）構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞,1表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如： What were you doing when I phoned you last night?,2表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 如：They were building a dam last winter. 去年冬天他們?cè)诮ㄒ粋€(gè)大壩。,3用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，以表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如： They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai.,6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),（1）意義：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,也可表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。,（2）結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞have/has + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞,（3）四大標(biāo)志詞： 以already, just和yet為標(biāo)志：表示到現(xiàn)在為止動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)、剛剛或還沒(méi)有發(fā)生 * 以ever和never為標(biāo)志：表示到現(xiàn)在為止動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)曾經(jīng)或從來(lái)沒(méi)有發(fā)生過(guò) * 以動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志：He says he has been to the USA three times. * 以so far為標(biāo)志：表示到目前為止動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)發(fā)生,6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),（4）注：,上,常見(jiàn)的有:come-be, go out -be out, leave-be away (from), begin-be on, buy-have, borrow-keep , join-be a member / 介詞短語(yǔ), die-be dead, become-be, open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。,for+時(shí)間段 since+過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻,a.*“終止”、“延續(xù)”要轉(zhuǎn)換,b. * 時(shí)間“點(diǎn)”、“段”須分清,7.過(guò)去完成時(shí),(1)概念:,(2)構(gòu)成:,過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，即：過(guò)去的過(guò)去。如: When we got there, the football match had already started. 當(dāng)我們趕到時(shí)，足球比賽已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。,肯定句：主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞+其他 否定句：主語(yǔ)+had not+過(guò)去分詞+其他 疑問(wèn)句：Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他,7.過(guò)去完成時(shí),(3)用法:,上,A.表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前已完成的動(dòng)作，表示對(duì)這一過(guò)去時(shí)間造成的結(jié)果或影響。常用以下幾種方式： (1) 用by，before等構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)。 eg:Linda had learnt 10 English songs by the end of last month. (2) 用when, before, after等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 eg:The train had started before we got to the station.,B. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)還可以表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前發(fā)生開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到這一過(guò)去的時(shí)間。常與for, since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句連用。 eg:I had worked in a hospital for three years before I came here.,8.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),（1）意義：表示以過(guò)去的某時(shí)來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中.,（2）構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+would/should+動(dòng)詞原形 主語(yǔ)+was/were+going to +動(dòng)詞原形,例:I didnt kn