狀語從句(9種全).doc

狀語從句 在復合句中作狀語的從句叫狀語從句。狀語從句有時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等種類。一、時間狀語從句引導時間狀語從句的連接詞有: when, as, while, after, before, since, ever since, as soon as, once, till, until, whenever, no soonerthan, hardly/scarcely.when, the moment/minute/instant/second, every time, each time, any time, the first time, next time, last time, all the time, by the time, directly, immediately, instantly等。1.表示“一就”的句型1) as soon as/once As soon as he arrives, Ill call you.他一到，我就給你打電話。（as soon as 側重時間或動作先后銜接緊，而once側重條件，表示“一旦.”）2) on doing sth/on ones + n.作時間狀語 On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested. 一到達車站，這個小偷就被逮捕了。 On his arrival in Paris, he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison. 他一到達巴黎，就被認出是一個貴族，并被投入監(jiān)獄。3) no sooner .than , hardly/scarcely.when 它們表“一就”。結構中的否定詞放在句首時，主句要倒裝。（主句都用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。） No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain. 他剛到家，天就開始下雨了。 Hardly/Scarcely had I entered the room when the phone rang. 我一進屋，電話就響了。注意 當no sooner, hardly, scarcely不放在句首時，主句不倒裝，如： I had no sooner reached the bus stop than the bus started. 我剛到車站，車就開走了。 I had scarcely（hardly）entered the room when the phone rang.4）the moment, the instant, the minute, the second The moment I saw him, I recognized him. 我一看見他，就認出了他。 Well leave the minute you are ready. 你一準備好，我們就出發(fā)。5)有些副詞如：instantly, immediately, directly可用作連詞，后接從句。 I left immediately the clock struck 5. 我剛走，鐘就敲了五點。2. when, while, as引導時間狀語從句1) when的用法when既可指時間點，也可指時間段（即：從句動詞可以是短暫的也可是延續(xù)的）；主從句動作可同時也可先后發(fā)生。 I was thin when I was a child. 當我是個孩子的時候,我很瘦。 It was raining when I arrived.我到達時，天正在下雨。在when引導時間狀語從句時，如果從句主語與主句主語相同或為it，且從句有be動詞，則從句可省主語和be動詞，如： When (you are) in trouble, you can visit this man. 當你有麻煩時，可以找這個人。 She is always listening to music when（she is) doing her homework. 當她做作業(yè)時，總是聽音樂。when在下列結構中, 譯成“這時”,它引導的是并列句be about to do . when, be doing . when, had done when,be on ones way . when, be on the point of doing . when（參見“連詞”部分when的用法）2）while用法while只能指一段時間，從句中的動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。強調某一段時間內發(fā)生主句動作，相當于during the time that. My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. 當我在做作業(yè)時，媽媽在做飯。 I am safe while I am here.我在這兒的時候，我很安全。注意 while除引導時間狀語從句外，還引導對比句，作“然而”講；并可在句首引出讓步狀語從句作“雖然但”講。 I like watching TV, while he likes reading. 我喜歡看電視，而他喜歡讀書。 While he has his own car, he often uses mine. 盡管他自己有車，他卻常用我的。3) as的用法 as引導時間狀語從句時?？珊蛍hen換用，但較強調同時發(fā)生，多指短暫動作。As I left the house, I forgot the key.我離家時，忘了帶鑰匙。 as還可說明兩種正在發(fā)展或變化的情況，“隨著.”的意思，表時間的推移。如：As I get older, I get more optimistic.隨著年齡的增長，我變得更加樂觀。as表“一邊一邊”，引出伴隨動作。He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他匆忙地回家，邊走邊往后看。用以強調兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生。As he was going out, it began to rain.當他出去的時候，天開始下雨了。as有時引出一個名詞，相當于一個時間狀語從句。As a boy (when he was a boy), he was hopeless at maths.當他是孩子時，他對數(shù)學失去希望。3. before引導的時間狀語從句before引導的時間狀語從句不用否定式謂語。Before they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone.在他們到達公共汽車站之前，公共汽車已經(jīng)走了。在“It be + 時間段 + before從句”句型中，肯定句譯成“（之后）才”，否定句譯成“就”。該句型有一般過去時、過去將來時、一般將來時三個時態(tài)，且有否定句。It will be some time before. do.It was some time before.did.It would be some time before.did.It was long before.did.“很久才”It wasnt long before.did.“不久就.”It will be many years before the chemicals start to escape fromthe containers. 多年以后化學物質才開始從容器中逃逸。It was not long before he came back.不久他就回來了。It was a long time before he got to sleep again.很久他才再次入睡。It was a week before he could tell his story. 一個星期后他才能講述他的經(jīng)歷。 It wasnt long before he told us about himself. 不久他就給我們講述了他自己的故事。before可譯成“未來得及”He had measured me before I could get a word.我還未來得及插話，他就量好了尺寸。before可譯成“趁著還沒”Ill write it down before I forget.趁著還沒忘我要把它寫下來。4. until和till 1)“延續(xù)性動詞肯定式+until”表示“動作延續(xù)到為止，”譯為“直到為止”，如：I waited for him until he came back. 我一直等到他回來。2)“終止性動詞的否定式+ until”表示“直到才”。He didnt go to bed until he had finished his work. 直到完成工作他才睡覺。3)用于強調句式“It is not until .that .”It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.在教授到來之后，我們才開始實驗。4) not until放在句首時，主句倒裝。Not until he graduated did he succeed in obtaining this compound. 直到他畢業(yè)他才成功獲得這種化合物。注意 句首和強調句中要用until，而不用till；not.until.句型中不用till。5. since引導時間狀語從句，意為“自從時起”，主句要用完成時。Mr. Li has been here since he came back.自從李先生回來以后，他一直在這兒。I havent heard from him since he lived here.自從他住在這兒以來，我就沒有收到過他的來信。Ive known Mr. Smith since I was a boy.我小的時候就認識史密斯先生了。6.時間狀語從句的省略式 當時間狀語從句的主語和主句主語相同或為it，從句又含be動詞時，從句可省略主語和be動詞。在不產生歧義時，連詞也可省去。如：Once (it is) seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦被看見過，永遠也不會被忘記。二、地點狀語從句1.地點狀語從句主要由where, wherever anywhere, everywhere引導。 We must camp where we can get water. 我們必須在能找到水的地方露營。 I will follow you wherever you go. 無論你到何處我都要跟隨你。2.地點狀語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：where引導定語從句，從句前應有一個表示地點的名詞作先行詞。 Go back where you came from.（where引導地點狀語從句） Go back to the village where you came from.（where引導定語從句，village為先行詞）三、原因狀語從句 原因狀語從句由because, as , since, now (that)（既然）, in that（因為，多于口語中）,seeing (that)（鑒于，由于）,considering that（考慮到）等引導。1. because用來回答why提出的問題，表直接的因果關系，用于告知對方不知道的原因，語氣最強，可用于強調句。 He didnt attend the meeting because he was ill. 他沒參加會議，因為他病了。 It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us. 因為他有病，他沒有和我們一起去。注意 because和because of的區(qū)別：because是連詞，引導從句，because of是短語介詞，后接名詞性詞語，如： The football match was put off because it rained. The football match was put off because of the rain. 因為下雨，足球賽延期了。2. since, as, now that引導的原因狀語從句，不能用于強調句。since的語氣比because稍弱，表示關系上的自然結果，特別用于原因已經(jīng)清楚了的事情，一般譯成“既然，鑒于”（往往放在主句之前）如： Since you have known the secret, I neednt say anything about it. 既然你已經(jīng)知道了這個秘密，我就不必說了。as語氣最弱，說明一般的因果關系，表顯而易見的原因或倒果為因的說法（可放在主句之前，亦可放在主句之后），如： As he didnt know much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up the word “cough”. 他對英語懂得不多，他拿出字典查找“cough”這個詞。 As the ground is wet, it must have rained last night.（倒果為因） 昨晚一定下了雨，地面是濕的。 now that用來說明一種新情況，然后加以推論。now that放句首時that可省略： Now (that) everybody is here, lets begin.3. for也可以表示原因，屬并列連詞，不是說明直接原因，而是對某種情況加以推斷，表示補充說明理由。而推斷的理由會因人而異。語氣很弱，它引出的分句必須放在另一分句后。 He must be ill, for he is absent today.4.原因狀語從句有時可以用分詞形式表現(xiàn)。 As he was blind, he couldnt see anything. Being blind, he couldnt see anything.四、條件狀語從句1由if, unless（if.not）, so/as long as, supposing(that)（假設）, in case（萬一, 以防）, so/as far as（就.而言）, on condition that（條件是.）, provided/providing (that)（假若）引導。Tell me about it if you have time.I wont go unless Im invited.Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.You may use the room as/so long as you clean it up afterwards.2.“祈使句+and/or/or else/otherwise+陳述句”的句型中，祈使句在意義上實際上相當于條件狀語從句。 Use your head, and youll find a way. Hurry up or else (otherwise) youll be late.3. if only也可以引導條件狀語從句,只不過較少使用而已。only if也引導條件狀語從句，意思是“只有在.條件下” If (only) it clears up, I will go.4.條件狀語從句中一般要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表將來。 I will go if you go.5.條件狀語從句中的省略問題1)從句主語為it,又有系動詞be時，可以省略從句中主語和be動詞。 Come tomorrow if (it is) possible. If so, you must get back and get it. 還有諸如if necessary“如果有必要”，if any“如果有”，if in need“若需要”。2）如果if從句的主語和主句的主語一致，謂語動詞又有be,可以把從句中的主語和be省略掉。 If (water is) heated, water sends out steam.6.條件句中的虛擬與倒裝 if引導的條件狀語從句若與過去或現(xiàn)在事實不符，或對未來進行不可能的假設，就要用虛擬語氣。（詳見虛擬語氣部分）省略if的虛擬條件從句：若條件從句的謂語動詞有were, had或should,可以把if省去，而把were，had或should移到主語前構成倒裝。Had I arrived there earlier, I would have seen him. Were it not for him, I would not have the chance to go home. Should he be here tomorrow, I would give him a hand.五、目的狀語從句由so that（以便）， in order that（為了），for fear that（= in case）（以免），lest（以防）引導，謂語常含may, might, can, could, will, would等情態(tài)動詞。They set out early so that they might arrive at the station in good time.Ill speak slowly so that/in order that you can understand.He wrote the name down for fear that（lest）he would forget.當從句與主句主語一致時，可用to do, so as to do, in order to do結構換用。 He worked day and night in order that he could succeed. He worked day and night in order to succeed.六、結果狀語從句1.常用的連詞有so that，so . that, such.that, that（帶古英語痕跡）。（結果狀語從句中一般無情態(tài)動詞） He had overslept so that he was late for work. My pen fell under my desk that I couldnt see it.2. so/such .that所用句式so + adj（adv) + that從句 The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.so+adj +a/an+單名+ that從句such a/an+adj.+單名+that從句 She is so beautiful a girl that all the boys of our class like her. =She is such a beautiful girl that all the boys of our class like her.so many/few +復名+ that從句 so much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+ that從句There are so many apples on the desk that we each have one. There is so little water that you cant drink.such +a/an + adj + 單名+ that從句 She is such a good girl that she can help you.such + adj +復名/不可數(shù)名+ that從句 It was such bad weather that we all stayed home. He has such interesting books that he keeps reading all day.注意 little表“小，可愛”時，用such不用so修飾。 He is such a little boy that his patents often teach him something.七、方式狀語從句 由as, as if (as though)引導。 Do as you like. He spoke as if he had been there before.注意 as if, as though從句與事實相反時用虛擬語氣，與事實相符，不用虛擬語氣。八、比較狀語從句常用連詞than, as .as., not as/so. asHe ran as far as he could.Im not as/so tall as he/him.She studies harder than I（study）the more . the more.引導, 且經(jīng)常以省略形式出現(xiàn) The harder you try, the better you will understand.九、讓步狀語從句由though, although, as, even if/though , no matter wh-, wh-ever詞，whether.or（不管.都），when, while等引導。1. though, although這兩個連詞用法基本一樣，只是前者口語化，后者較正式，常位于句首，都不與but連用，但可以和yet，still，nevertheless連用。though還可作副詞單獨放在句尾，表示“然而”的意思。 Although the TV set is very dear, I still want to buy it. Though /Although he was worn out, he kept on working.2. as引導讓步狀語時，從句部分用倒裝語序，句型為:形容詞/副詞/名詞+ as +主 +謂動詞+ as +主 +情態(tài)動詞Child as he is, he knows a lot.Proud as these nobles are, they are afraid to see me.Great a scientist as he is, he remains modest.Try as I might, I couldnt lift the stone.注意 在這種倒裝結構中，也可以用though（不太常用），但不可用although. Bravely though the players fought, they had no chance of winning.3. even if（盡管；即使）, even though（盡管） 這兩個復合連詞意義基本相同，常用以強調讓步概念，有退一步想的意思（有時用于虛擬）。表“即使”時有假設含義，一般用even if。 Well make trip even if(though) the weather is bad. Even if I were in your place, I wouldnt take the job.（虛擬）4.“whether. or.”可引導讓步狀語從句 Whether you believe it or not, it is true.5.“no matter + wh-”引導讓步狀語從句引導讓步狀語從句時“疑問句-ever”相當于“no matter +疑問詞”，此時：no matter who = whoeverno matter what = whateverno matter which = whicheverno matter where = whereverno matter how = howeverNo matter what happened, he would not mind.Its a nice room no matter whom (whoever) it belongs to.6.“no matter + wh-”結構只能引導讓步狀語從句，而“wh-ever”形式除引導讓步狀語從句外，還可以引導名詞性從句。 引導名詞性從句時：whoever = anyone who任何的人whatever = anything that任何的事（物）whenever = anyplace where任何的地方I will give the book to whoever needs it.I like whatever you like.7.when引導讓步狀語從句時置于主句后雖然卻，盡管但 He walks when he might take a taxi.本（應.，可以.）卻.。when從句用虛擬式為：could/should . have done She stopped trying when she might succeed next time.8.while引導讓步狀語從句時置于主句前，與though同，但though從句可到裝，while從句不可倒裝。9.讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。 No matter what he is, he will be punished.十、狀語從句的省略現(xiàn)象 當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語相同或為it, 同時從句謂語含be動詞，就可省去從句的主語和be動詞。 時間狀語從句中：Dont speak until (you are) spoken to.While (I was) in Beijing, I lived with my uncle.I want to go swimming when (it is) possible. 條件狀語從句中：Come tomorrow if (it is) possible.If (it is) so, you would be punished.Unless (it is) repaired, the TV set is of no use. 方式狀語從句中：She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone. 其他狀語從句中：Though (it was) cold, he still wore a shirt.Fill in the blanks with proper words where (it is) necessary.練習一、用適當?shù)倪B詞填空：1. Dr. Bethune (白求恩) came to China _ he was fifty.2. He began to work _ he got there.3. Lets begin our meeting _everyone is here.4. I like the English people, _ I dont like their food.5. _ you go in China, you can see smiling faces.6. He didnt come to the lecture, _ he was very busy.7. _we had enough time, we walked to the cinema.8. They will help you _ you meet with difficulty.9. _ we came to the university, we have learnt quite a lot.10.I didnt join them yesterday evening _ I had to go to an important meeting.11. We would try to get a car _we could all travel together more easily.12. She wouldnt forget her mothers birthday _ she seldom wrote to her family.13. Were doing everything we can to make things as easy for you _we can.14. The meeting became so disorderly _ the speaker had to shout the audience down.15. He was angrier _ ever before.16. _ you lock all the doors, he can still manage to get in.17. The boy was so tired _ he fell asleep on the bus.18. Hard _ he tried, he couldnt force the door open.二、選擇填空1._ youve tried it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is.A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When 2. He left in _ a hurry _ he forgot his key. A. such, that B. so, that C. the same, as D. such, as3. He has loved me _ I were his son. A. because B. as C. if D. as though4. I dont think Ill need any money but Ill bring some _. A. as last B. in case C. once again D. in time5. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _ I could answer.A. as B. since C. before D. until6. We must do it well, _there are a lot of difficulties.A. as ifB. as thoughC. even thoughD. even as 7. _ has taken part in the Athens Olympic Games is worth praising no matter _ he has won medals or not.A. Who; ifB. Anyone; whether C. Whoever; whetherD. Whoever; how 8. -Its a long time _ I saw you last.-Yes, and what a pity it is now that it will be a long time _ we see each other again.A. before; sinceB. since; whenC. since; beforeD. when; before 9. The head of the company promised to deal with matters of this sort_ he returned to his office.A. until B. while C. by the timeD. the moment 10. He had already walked three or four miles_ he saw a cart by the side of the road.A. whileB. when C. the momentD. unless 11. Much _ the young couple needed money to make the down payment for the apartment, they wouldnt ask their parents for help.A. although B. as C. even if D. while 12. I have kept the photo _ I can always see it, as it reminds me of the days when I studied in Britain.A. at which B. when C. where D. at the place 13. I would appreciate it _ you can help me with my English this afternoon.A. because B. until C. when D. if 14. _ you may be right, I cant altogether agree.A. As B. While C. If D. Since 15._ was 1998 _ I graduated from the university.A. It; when B. It; that C. That; when D. That; that 16. The famous scientist grew up _ he was bo