高中英語猜詞技巧.ppt

在閱讀中遇到生詞時，翻閱詞典，查找詞義的做法不但費時費力，而且影響閱讀速度、影響對語篇的整體把握。事實上，閱讀材料中的每個詞與它前后的詞語或句子甚至段落都有聯(lián)系。我們可以利用語境（各種已知信息）推測、判斷某些生詞的詞義。因此，掌握一定的猜詞技巧，對突破高考閱讀理解、提高英語語言運用能力都有非常重要的意義。,常見的題干有： 1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word? 2) The word. could best be replaced by. 3) What does the word in Paragraph possibly mean? 4) According to the passage, the word in Paragraph probably means . 5) The underlined word in Paragraph means ,猜測詞義時，可利用以下四個方面的線索 一是針對性的解釋 針對性解釋是作者為了更好的表達思想，在文章中對一些重要概念、專業(yè)術(shù)語或高深詞匯等所做的通俗化的解釋。這些解釋提供的信息明確具體，所使用的語言通俗易懂，利用它們來猜測詞義就非常簡單。,1、根據(jù)定義（definition）猜測詞義 如果生詞有一個定語從句或同位語(前面常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say等)或同位語從句）或段落來定義，或使用破折號、冒號、分號后的內(nèi)容和引號括號中的內(nèi)容加以解釋和定義，那么通過理解這個句子或段落本身就可以推斷詞義。定義常用的謂語動詞多為：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify（代表，表示） 等。,例1. Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims as its own. (05湖北) 例2. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today(05浙江),例3. Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar, and reindeer with surprising sauces . (04福建) According to the passage, The Pines is a _. A. place in which you can see many mobile homes B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food,D,2、根據(jù)舉例猜測詞義 恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例能夠提供猜測生詞的重要線索。 例4. The course gives you chances to know great power policies between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank. (04遼寧),二是根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系 根據(jù)內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系推測詞義是指應(yīng)用語言知識分析和判斷相關(guān)信息之間存在的邏輯關(guān)系，然后根據(jù)邏輯聯(lián)系推斷生詞詞義或大致義域。,1、根據(jù)對比、比較關(guān)系猜測詞義 在一個句子或段落中，有對兩個事物或現(xiàn)象進行對比性的描述，我們可以根據(jù)生詞的反義詞猜測其詞義。例如，表示對比關(guān)系的詞匯和短語主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast等；表示對比關(guān)系的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：while 引導(dǎo)的并列句；同對比關(guān)系相反，比較關(guān)系表示意義上的相似關(guān)系。表示比較關(guān)系的詞和短語主要有：like, similarly, just as, also, as well as 等。,例5. A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun. What does the underlined word “hassle” (Paragraph 1) probably mean? （02全國） A. a party designed by specialists. B. a plan requiring careful thought. C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble. D. a demand made by guests. 例6. Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.,2.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義 在句子或段落中，若上下文之間構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，我們可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系推測生詞詞義。表示因果關(guān)系的短語和詞匯有：for, because, since, as, therefore, consequently等。,例8. Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. (05江西),3.根據(jù)說明、并列、同等同義近義、反義等關(guān)系猜測詞義 在句子或段落中，我們可以利用熟悉的詞語，根據(jù)語言環(huán)境所表面的關(guān)系猜測詞義。 例9. William Shakespeare said, “the web of our life is of a mingled yarn (紗線), good and ill together.” (05江蘇) The underlined word “mingled” in the last paragraph most probably means _. A. simple B. mixed C. sad D. happy,例10. Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is “yes”, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. (04湖北),例11. There is no reason to insult and defame the man simply because you do not agree with him.,例12. The game Americans call soccer is known around the world as football.,例13. The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street. The little dwelling, however, looked neglected and cheerless.,例14. Most women in Chinaeducated and illiterate, urban and rural, the young and oldwork to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.,三是通過構(gòu)詞法 在猜測詞義過程中，我們還可以依靠構(gòu)詞法方面的知識，從生詞本身猜測詞義。 1、根據(jù)前綴猜測詞義 例15. Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?,2、根據(jù)后綴猜測詞義 例16. Its a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on Englands most southerly point(05廣東) 后綴-ise / -ize意思是“使成為；使化”，詞根commercial (商業(yè)的)，則不難猜出 uncommercialized 的意思。,3、根據(jù)復(fù)合詞的各部分猜測詞義 例17. Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward (別扭的) hand positions. (05北京),例18. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手藝) no longer exists. (04浙江),4、猜測詞性變換新詞含義 例19. The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. (04山東) head本為名詞“頭”。由the bus和home的語境邏輯可以推斷，該句head為動詞，表“朝方向行進”。,例20. I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. (04全國),四是根據(jù)生活常識 運用自身的生活經(jīng)驗及生活常識，根據(jù)上下文能讀懂的部分，可以正確猜出詞義。下面文字中劃線單詞的詞義