(上)閱讀理解復(fù)習(xí).ppt

閱 讀 理 解 分析題型， 進(jìn)行有效復(fù)習(xí),主要內(nèi)容,1、學(xué)生答題問題(形勢嚴(yán)峻) 2、告訴學(xué)生做閱讀理解題的基本步驟 3、閱讀理解題型分析 4、就08（上），09（上）期末試題 ，說教學(xué)思路 5、講講自己教學(xué)中閱讀訓(xùn)練,一、學(xué)生答題問題(形勢嚴(yán)峻),1、做題慢。 2、不審題。 3、理解力差，準(zhǔn)確率低。 4、根本不閱讀，亂答題。,首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽（skimming)，掌握全文的主旨大意。在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料。 其次，細(xì)讀問題，各個擊破。掌握全文的大意之后，閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息(scanning)，劃線、寫題號。 對于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)推敲。 最后，仔細(xì)斟酌不確定的答案，并進(jìn)行核對。,二、告訴學(xué)生做閱讀理解題的基本步驟,三、閱讀理解題型分析 通過對08，09兩年期末試題分析，我們不難找出閱讀理解題的命題規(guī)律及題型結(jié)構(gòu)。一般來說，閱讀理解題型設(shè)計，大致可以分為以下幾種題型： A.表層理解；B.推理判斷題； C.數(shù)據(jù)推算題；D.歸納總結(jié)題； E.主旨大意題；F. 根據(jù)語境猜生詞。,四、就08（上），09（上）期末試題 ，說教學(xué)思路 A.表層理解，找信息（細(xì)節(jié)型） 08(上） A:47.If you like children and have two days free, you call at _C_ for a job. (8766588) A: 49. _ D_are needed in AL Hotel. (waiter) B: 52. The city collected the money from the drivers to _D_(pay workers=pay the people who worked for the city)（同義轉(zhuǎn)化） C: 58. What did the baby eagles mother do when she came the last time? （D, Ph4:she pushed her baby eagle out of the nest） 題型特點：1、出題機(jī)率大。2、主要是對有說明主旨的某一事實或數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行考查。 3、相對容易，答案可在材料中找到對應(yīng)的文字作為驗證（詞，短語，句子，但有時表達(dá)不同）。,A（廣告） We can find ads everywhere. Here are four ads. Please read them carefully.,46The above job ads are probably from_ . A. a newspaper B. a story book C. a science book D. a guide book 47If you like children and have two days free, you can call at _ for a job. A.8556779 B.8558366 C.8766588 D.8633800 48If the owner of the large house asks a cleaner to tidy his house once a day, how much will the cleaner get in a week? A.$120. B.$140. C.$160. D.$180. 49_are needed in AL Hotel. A. Cleaners B. Babysitters C. Reporters D. Waiters 50If youre a college student of English who enjoys writing, during your summer holidays you will be more interested in the job in _ . A. ad (1) B. ad (2) C. ad (3) D. ad (4),B(溫馨提示：Tell vistors what not to do) To make sure that you enjoy your visit to the Hamper Hot Springs and that you are safe during your visit, please take time to read the following: 1 Do not place your head under the hot water because it may be bad for your health. 2Do not run around because the floors may be slippery.Do not leave your children alone. 3 Do not leave your things about.Just ask one of our workers to look after your things. 4 Do not eat or drink anything in the areabecause we want to keep here clean.There is a place for you to eat and have soft drinks when you want to have a rest. 5 Do not bring into the area anything made of glass,because it may be easily broken when you fall. 6 Do not bring any hard drinks into the area. 7 Do not smoke in the area. 8 Do not stay in the sunlight for too long.We hope that you will enjoy your visit here.,1. The purpose of this notice is _. A to ask people to visit the springs B to make visitors know the area C to tell visitors what not to do D to tell the visitors to have a rest 2. The notice is written for _. A visitors B children C workers D managers 3. People are not allowed to _. A bring anything into the area B have soft drinks in the area C look after children in the area D sit in the sun for long in the area 4. _ is NOT mentioned in the notice. A How long visitors can stay in the area B What visitors cannot bring to the area C Who looks after the visitors things D Whether smoking is allowed in the area 5. The Chinese meaning for “slippery”is _. A 平坦的 B 濕滑的 C 狹窄的 D 冰涼的,細(xì)節(jié)閱讀（查找信息）教學(xué),教學(xué)實操： 1、查找信息題多出現(xiàn)在這些象(圖表類,廣告類,說明類,圖書卡，通知類，啟事類，匹配等）類型的文章里。我們教學(xué)生無需細(xì)讀文章，第一步，讓他們先用跳讀法,感知文章是哪一類型文章，理解下文章大意。第二步，逐個問題看，帶著問題用尋讀法找答案，即教會學(xué)生抓問題的關(guān)鍵詞(what,when,where,how,why)去文章中找信息，找原詞或原話，局部查找或通篇查找，在查的過程中，作出相應(yīng)題號的標(biāo)記。有時，要求分析理解原文的句子，并對其進(jìn)行必要的意思轉(zhuǎn)化，這樣即可正確選擇。 2、Unit 1 Newspapers 1）了解報紙的基本欄目的構(gòu)成及其內(nèi)容的基本點（匹配題）。 2）如何通過有針對性的問題從文章中去找信息。 3、這類題應(yīng)指導(dǎo)基礎(chǔ)差的學(xué)生掌握，他們雖不理解意思但會認(rèn)，鼓勵他們耐心地一行行找，找到為止，讓他們有點做題的成功快感，提升閱讀的欲望。,B.推理判斷題 第一類 （08上）B:53.Which is untrue according to the passage? C:56.Which of the following is true about the baby eagles life before his mother stopped coming to the nest? （09上） A: 55. Which of the following is not true? C:63.Which is not true according to the passage? D:68.Which of the following is not true according to the passage?,B.推理判斷題 第二類 （08上）A: 46. The above job ads are probably from_ A. a newspaper B. a story book C. a science book D. a guide book. (從生活常態(tài)去判斷） （09上）A:53.Why did the king ask Effendi to tell him the date of Effendis own death? （分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，據(jù)上下文內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，挖掘文章的深層含義） C:60. We can infer from the story that_. （09上）B:60. We can infer from the passage that_. (對文章有個整體理解,力求從作者的角度去考慮,去推斷) 題型特點：1、出題機(jī)率大，相對比較難。2、文章中沒有現(xiàn)成答案，要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思。3、多出現(xiàn)在有故事情節(jié)的文章中。,09上 A（阿凡提的故事),Once Effendi had a joke with the Prime Minister（宰相）. He said that the Minister would die the next day. The next day, the Minister fell to the ground from the horse and really diedWhen the king learned this, he got angry and sent his men to catch Effendi at once. When Effendi was brought to him, the king shouted angrily, “Effendi, since you knew when my Minister would die, you must know the date of your own death. Say it out, or youll die today.” Effendi looked at the king for a while. Then he answered, “But how can I know? Ill die two days earlier than you.” The king was afraid that if he killed Effendi, he himself would die after that. He thought he must keep Effendi alive as long as possible, so he let Effendi go.,51This story tells us _. Ahow Effendi fooled the king Bwhen the king would die Cwhy the Minister died DEffendi knew the dates of everyones death 52The Prime Minister died because _. AEffendi killed him BEffendi said he would die CHe was badly ill DHe fell off the horse 53Why did the king ask Effendi to tell him the date of Effendis own death? ABecause the king wanted to know when he himself would die. BBecause the king wanted to find an excuse to kill Effendi. CBecause he himself had known the date of Effendis death. DBecause he wanted to know when Effendi would die. 54The king let Effendi go because _. Ahe hoped to live a long life Bhe was afraid of Effendi Che didnt believe Effendis words DHe knew he would die two days later 55Which of the following is not true? AEffendi played a joke on the Minister. BThe king was afraid of death. CEffendi didnt know when the king would die. DIf the king killed Effendi, he himself would die two days later.,推理判斷題教學(xué) 教學(xué)實操： 1、這類題多出于故事類的文章中，相對來說學(xué)生比較感興趣，這是學(xué)生愿意閱讀的一個優(yōu)勢。做這類型， 首先，我們指導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀時，通過故事的開頭，去預(yù)測故事的發(fā)展，通過下面的閱讀去驗證，再進(jìn)一步預(yù)測的循環(huán)過程，同時借助邏輯、語法，文化常識等 ，以及一些關(guān)鍵詞，過渡詞來跟蹤作者的思路。 其次，了解故事大意后，通過抓住文章的主題和細(xì)節(jié)，分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，挖掘文章的深層含義。對于暗含在文章中的人物的行為動機(jī)、事件中的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、意圖、態(tài)度、觀點等要進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的判斷、推理、分析，進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)理解能力，抓住材料實質(zhì)性的東西。 最后，教學(xué)生學(xué)會對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點。 2、從這兩套題來看，有5個題目的設(shè)計就是在問“true or untrue according to the passage”.讓學(xué)生重視這種題型，要審題是“true 還是untrue”。,3、歸納些這類試題常用問句，讓學(xué)生去記： 1）From the passage, we learn that Liming is _. 2) According to the passage, which is right (true)? 3) Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage? 4) Which idea is Not True according to the passage? 5) The reading doesnt say but we can infer that _. 6) What can we infer from the last sentence? 7) Which sentence is WRONG or RIGHT? 4、Unit 2 Detectives and crimes 1）學(xué)會理清故事的脈絡(luò)，理解偵探故事情節(jié)。 2）描述人物的文章，要學(xué)會抓住人物的性格特征，加深對文章的理解。 3）要學(xué)會通過細(xì)讀找細(xì)節(jié)，根據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)的差別，去進(jìn)行推測。 Unit4. Historical Stories 1）通過閱讀歷史故事，了解一般過去時在故事中的應(yīng)用。理清故事的中“六要素”。 2）通過文章中的對話，上下文線索對故事進(jìn)行推理和預(yù)測。 Unit5 Strange Creatures 1）拓展科普和科幻故事的閱讀。 2）學(xué)會尋讀。 3）運用推理能力和客觀判斷力，領(lǐng)會故事的寓意。,C.數(shù)據(jù)推算題 (08上）A：48 .If the owner of the large house asks a cleaner to tidy his house once a day, how much will the cleaner get in a week? A $120. B.$140. C. $160. D. $180. (09上) B:58.How many times did the fisherman pull his line out? A .Once B. Twice C. Three times D. Four times (09上) C: 65. How many advantage of MP3 can we see from the passage? A .3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 這類題的特點：1.相對出現(xiàn)得更直觀。2、不會照搬原數(shù)字出題，要根據(jù)文章提供的數(shù)據(jù)，與文中其他信息的關(guān)系做簡單計算和推斷。,C.數(shù)據(jù)推算題 (08上）A：48 .If the owner of the large house asks a cleaner to tidy his house once a day, how much will the cleaner get in a week? A $120. B.$140. C. $160. D. $180. (the job paid at $20 once)要做簡單換算 (09上) B:58.How many times did the fisherman pull his line out? A .Once B. Twice C. Three times D. Four times (After a few minutes, he pulled his line out Then he put his hook and line into the water again Then, the third time, the caught a small fish.（沒有很明顯的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，但是從連接詞能得到信息。） （09上) C: 65. How many advantage of MP3 can we see from the passage? A .3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 Advantages: 1.MP3 turns your home PC into a jukebox. 2. Small MP3 players are the size of a deck of cards, making it easy to take hundreds of songs with you. 3. (what is it?) You may download MP3 music several ways.（要放遠(yuǎn)整篇文章，搜尋有效信息。）,數(shù)據(jù)推算題 教學(xué),教學(xué)實操： 在訓(xùn)練此類題時： 1.文章數(shù)字少時，把文章中的數(shù)學(xué)圈出來，以便計算和推理。數(shù)據(jù)多，可以讓學(xué)生根據(jù)問題中關(guān)鍵詞，找到相關(guān)段落的數(shù)字進(jìn)行推理。 2.不要孤立看待數(shù)字信息，而要抓住一些關(guān)鍵用語的意義。弄清眾多信息中哪些屬于有用信息，哪些屬于干擾信息 。 3.沒有很明顯的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，但是從連接詞能得到信息。 4.要放遠(yuǎn)整篇文章，搜尋有效信息。 Unit 3 Modern machines 1）能讀懂科普題材的文章。 2）將科普文中的信息進(jìn)行歸類并進(jìn)行比較。（數(shù)據(jù)的比較） 3）說明文的閱讀技巧。,D/E.歸納總結(jié)和主旨大意 (09上) A:51. This story tells us _ (A. how Effendi fooled the king) D:70. What is the main idea of this passage？ (B. Tells us what we know about Loch Ness Monster) (08上 B：55.Which is the best title of this passage？ (A.The worlds first parking meters) 在段中 題型特點：1.要通讀全文才能找出答案。2.要么在首句，要么在段中，要么在 段末能找到概括中心思想的句子，句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單。3.有些文章沒有明顯的 主題句，要自己去歸納。,09上 A（阿凡提的故事),Once Effendi had a joke with the Prime Minister（宰相）. He said that the Minister would die the next day. The next day, the Minister fell to the ground from the horse and really diedWhen the king learned this, he got angry and sent his men to catch Effendi at once. When Effendi was brought to him, the king shouted angrily, “Effendi, since you knew when my Minister would die, you must know the date of your own death. Say it out, or youll die today.” Effendi looked at the king for a while. Then he answered, “But how can I know? Ill die two days earlier than you.” The king was afraid that if he killed Effendi, he himself would die after that. He thought he must keep Effendi alive as long as possible, so he let Effendi go.,51This story tells us _. Ahow Effendi fooled the king Bwhen the king would die Cwhy the Minister died DEffendi knew the dates of everyones death 52The Prime Minister died because _. AEffendi killed him BEffendi said he would die CHe was badly ill DHe fell off the horse 53Why did the king ask Effendi to tell him the date of Effendis own death? ABecause the king wanted to know when he himself would die. BBecause the king wanted to find an excuse to kill Effendi. CBecause he himself had known the date of Effendis death. DBecause he wanted to know when Effendi would die. 54The king let Effendi go because _. Ahe hoped to live a long life Bhe was afraid of Effendi Che didnt believe Effendis words DHe knew he would die two days later 55Which of the following is not true? AEffendi played a joke on the Minister. BThe king was afraid of death. CEffendi didnt know when the king would die. DIf the king killed Effendi, he himself would die two days later.,08B,B The people of Oklahoma City in America were not very happy in the year 1935. The city had just started using some new machines. The people were not happy because they had to put money in the machines if they wanted to park their cars in the street. Have you guessed what kind of machines they were? They were the worlds first parking meters (泊車表)!Oklahoma City needed money to pay the people who worked for the city. So the city asked the car drivers to pay if they wanted to park their cars in the street. This idea was so new that it shocked almost everyone. Today, of course, parking meters can be seen in nearly every town and city in America. It seems that money is needed almost everywhere.,51The people of Oklahoma City were unhappy because they had _. A. little food B. dirty streets C. to pay to park D. too few cars 52The city collected the money from the drivers to _. A. buy machines B. stop cars coming in C. buy trucks D. pay workers 53Which is untrue according to the passage? A. Parking meters were welcomed then. B. People were against to the new machine. C. Money is needed almost everywhere. D. Parking meters can be seen in nearly every town and city in America 54The word “shocked” in the passage means _. A. pleased B. surprised C. stopped D taught 55Which is the best title for this passage? A. The worlds first parking meters B. Money is needed C. Parking in Oklahoma City D. Shocking parking meters,歸納總結(jié)和主旨大意題教學(xué) 1. 在做題時，首先讓學(xué)生判斷下文體，通常新聞報道、說明文、議論文大都會采用先總后分的敘述方法，那么主題句通常在第一句或第一段。有些文章，如前面列舉些例子，或者說細(xì)節(jié)多，那么這篇文章可以用的就是先分后總的方法，用的是歸納法寫文章，這時通常中心句在末段或末句。 2. 其次，找到主題句后把它劃出來，通讀完全文，對文章有