2010年高考英語語法輔導(dǎo)課件-省略及倒裝

1、,省略、倒裝、強調(diào),一 . 簡單句的省略 . 1. 在口語中 - How is your mother today? - (She is ) Much better. (Is there) Anything wrong?,省略,2. 在祈使句中,一般省略主語. (You) Open the door, please. (I) Thank you very much. 注: 某些時候, 當(dāng)聽話的對象要特別說明時, 可將這個稱呼寫出來. Come here , Jack . You come here, Jack .,4. 特殊疑問句中的省略. 1) - I dont know if I shou

2、ld take the digital camera with me . - Why not ? (= Why dont you take the digital camera ?) 2) - Who can do it ? - Lucy , I think . ( Lucy can do it , I think .) 3) - Which country did you go to last summer ? - Britain. ( I went to Britain last summer,5. 感嘆句中的省略. What a (good) boy (he is)! How (hard

3、) they are working! 6. 在名詞所有格修飾的名詞若表示店鋪,住宅,教堂或上下文已暗示或明確指出過的事物中 At her mothers (house) she passed many happy days. I met him at the doctors (clinic).,7.動詞不定式的省略 a. 為避免重復(fù),常省略上文已提到的動詞原形,只保留不定式中的小品詞to:這類動詞有:expect, forget, hope, intend, mean, prefer, refuse, try, want, wish, would like, like和love等. 如: S

4、he asked me to dance with her, but I didnt want to (dance with her). -Will you go with me? -Well, Id like to (go with you).,b. 在have to, need, ought to, be going to, used to等后省略動詞. 如: I really didnt want to go there with him, but I had to (go there with him). c. 在某些形容詞delighted, glad, happy, pleased

5、等后省略to后面的動詞. 如: - Will you join in our discussion? Ill be glad to (join in your discussion).,d. 若不定式中帶有be, have等, 常保留be, have. -Are you a teacher? No, but I used to be (a teacher). John didnt come, but he ought to have (come). e. 使役動詞 have , let ,make 和感官動詞 feel ,see, watch, notice, look at , hear,

6、listen to 等后面的不定式做賓語補足語時, 省略 to,但被動語態(tài)中要加上. He had two boys wash his car . She saw him walk into the house. He was seen to walk into the house.,二、使用替代詞的省略 1. 通常情況下，在省略了某個詞、短語或句子時，還需要用某個替代詞。常用的替代詞有：dodoesdid, so, not, neither, nor和the same等. 用助動詞dodoesdid來替代上文中出現(xiàn)的動詞，以免重復(fù)。如： She speaks English more flu

7、ently than her elder sister does.,2. 用so , not 或其他手段來省略上文中的一部分或整個句子，作believe, be afraid, expect, do, fear, hope, suppose, say, think 等的賓語。 1) - Can Emily do this work ? - I think so . - I think not . / I dont think so . （這也是賓語從句中的省略）,注: guess , hope , be afraid 的否定式只有一種, 即 : I guess not . I hope not

8、 . I am afraid not . 2) - Did you know anything about it ? - Not until you told me . ( 你告訴了我, 才知道.) 3) He has gone . No one knows where ( he has gone ).,3. 代詞的替代省略,三、并列句中的省略 1. 后面分句中與前面相同的部分常被省略。 如： She was poor but (she was) honest. Bob has done his homework, but Tom hasnt (done his homework). 2. 有

9、時并列句中的省略部分出現(xiàn)在前面的分句中看完最后一個分句才能掌握全句的完整意義。 如：Mary can （speak English）and (Mary) ought to speak English. Bob works (in London), and Peter lives in London.,四、復(fù)合句中的省略 1. 主語從句的省略 主句的省略多見于句首，多用于口語中。 (Its a) pity you couldnt come. 2)在對話中答句省去整個主句只用從句。 -Shall I go to play? -If you like. (you can go to play),2.

10、賓語從句中的省略 1）由which, when, where, how和why 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中與主句重復(fù)的主語或謂語,可全部或部分省去,只保留引導(dǎo)詞。 如：Please pass me one of these books, I dont care which (book you pass me). He will come back, but she doesnt know when (he will come back). She wants to learn English well, yet she doesnt know how (she can learn it well).,2

11、) 在Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess, I expect, I suppose, I imagine等開頭的作答句中, 后面跟so 與 not 分別用于肯定或否定，賓語從句可省去。 a. Do you believe our team will win? I guess so (your team will win). I guess not (your team will not win). b. Do you think it will rain? I hope so (it will rain). I hope not (th

12、at it will not rain). 注:I hope so的否定式只能用I hope not, 不可用I dont hope so. c. Will we be late? Im afraid so /not,3.狀語從句中的省略： 當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致，謂語動詞含有be時，或狀語從句為there be結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以省略狀語從句的主語和謂語be，常見結(jié)構(gòu)為: 1).連詞as/as if/once+名詞 Once( he was) a teacher ,he now works in a government . 2)連詞though/whether/when+形容詞 Work

13、 hard when (you are) young, or you will regret . 3).連詞whether /as if /while+介詞短語 He looks everywhere as if (he was) looking for something.,4)連詞when/while/though+現(xiàn)在分詞 While (I was )walking in the street, I heard my name called . 5).連詞when/if/even if/unless/once/until/than/as+過去分詞 The exhibition is mo

14、re interesting than( it was) expected. 6).連詞as if/as though +不定式 He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak. 當(dāng)狀語從句的主語為it ,謂語動詞含有be時，可以省略狀語從句的主語和謂語be，常見結(jié)構(gòu)為: 連詞if/unless/when/whenever+形容詞 Unless( it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.,7)if+ so/not省略句式， so/not 代替上文內(nèi)容 Get up early t

15、omorrow morning, if not (you dont get up early), you will miss the bus. 練習(xí)：補充省略部分 1) When in trouble , I always turn to her for help. 2) Errors , if any, should be corrected. 3）He seldom goes to the cinema, if ever.,I am,there is,he has ever been,4) Wood gives much smoke while burning. 5) The letter

16、 is to be left here until called for . 6) Henry stopped walking as if to wait for her 7) You must eat it when fresh.,wood is,it is,he was,it is,2、 比較狀語從句的省略 1) 以as, than 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句可以全部或部分省去。 如：He got up early as usual (he did). After half an hour, she became quieter (than she had been). He studies as

17、 hard as you (study). 2）在the + 比較級. , the +比較級 的句型中, 當(dāng)謂語是be 動詞時 , 而且主語非代詞時, 常省略動詞be. The older you are , the poorer your memory. （memory will be ） The more I can do , the better （better it will be）,3. 以as soon as 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的主語和主句主語一致時,可用on/upon doing 形式簡化狀語從句, 此時的動詞為瞬間動詞. As soon as he arrived at the v

18、illage , Dr. Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers. On /Upon arriving at the village , Dr. Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers.,4. 定語從句中的省略 1)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that /which /who在從句中作主語且后面有be動詞，我們可以省略關(guān)系代詞及be動詞. 如：The girl (who is) standing under the tree is Mary. The bridge (which was)

19、built in 1927 broke down. The girl (who is) in front of the classroom is Mary.,2)在限制性定語從句起賓語作用的關(guān)系代詞that, which, whom可以省略;在the same. as和such. as引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,可以省略與主句相同的部分; 先行詞是 direction(方向) , way(方式) , distance(距離) , time(時間) , times(倍數(shù)) 等后面所接的定語從句中常省略that, which, in which 如:,如：He is one of the man (whom

20、) I can trust. We will do the same work as they (do). I dont like the way (that/in which) you speak to your mother. The direction (in which ) we move a body (物體) can be changed. The distance (that/ which ) light travels in one second is 300000 kilometers.,5.虛擬語氣中的省略 If Thomas Edison had stored his m

21、oney , he would have died a wealthy man . Had Thomas Edison stored his money , he would have died a wealthy man . 注: 虛擬語氣的 if條件句中省略if把 had(助動詞), should , were 提前. It was suggested that the meeting be put off until the next week . 注: 在表建議,命令,勸告等詞后所接虛擬語氣的should +動詞原形中的 should 常省略.,五、 在一些固定搭配或句型中省略某些介詞

22、 have difficulty (in) doing sth spend some time / money (in) doing sth be busy (in) doing sth waste some time (in) doing sth have a hard time (in) doing sth There is no use (in) doing sth,六. 省略語還經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在新聞標(biāo)題或使用說明中 例如： Newspaper headlines: Turandot on stage Signs and labels: No smoking Instructions: Do

23、not bend Postcards and diaries: Have not had time to write diary Notes: Opera OK, costumes great,Lets practice.,1. He was a swimmer when _. A. to be a child B. a child C. being a child D. as a child. 2. When _ , he worked very hard all his life. A. was young B. be young C. being young D. young While

24、 _, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace. A. was in Beijing B. to be in Beijing C. be in Beijing D. in Beijing,he was a child.,he was young,I was in Beijing,B,D,D,Lets practice.,4. I hate talking with that guy. Look, he is coming. What should I do? Dont speak until _. A. speaking B. spoken to C. spok

25、en D. speaking to 5. The exhibition is more interesting than _. A.expected B. expect C. expecting D. to expect 6. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET2003) A. seeing B. having C. to have seen D. to see,you are spoken to,it was exp

26、ected.,he was to see,B,A,D,Lets practice.,7.I wonder why you didnt do it as _. Its the third time you have done so. A. told to B. be told C. told you D. you told 8.Once _ during the examination, you will be punished. A. caught cheat B. catching to cheat C. catch cheating D. caught cheating 9.Ask him

27、 to take you home if _. A.is possible B. to be possible C.possible. D. being possible 10. _ your letter, I would have written back two days ago. A. If I received B. Should I receive C. Had I received D. I could have received,you were told to,you are caught cheating,it is possible,If I had received,A

28、,D,C,C,Lets practice 2.,1.Why did you take a taxi? I _. I was late. A. have to B. have to do C. had to D. had to do 2.He is not _his sister,but _ _. A.taller than；stronger B. so tall as；strong C. taller than；is stronger D. as tall as; stronger 3. Im going to dig it up. What _? A. with B. by C. at D.

29、 from 4. Have you been here long? _. A. No，not very B. Not much C. Yes，only little D. No, only yesterday,had to take a taxi,taller than he is stronger than his sister,are you going to dig it up with,No, I have not been here very long,C,A,A,A,Lets practice.,5. What do you think made Mary so upset? _

30、her new bicycle_. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 6. Dont forget to come to my birthday party. _. A.I dont B.I wont C.I dont forget D.I wont forget 7. Be sure to get up earlier tomorrow morning. _. Ill be as early as a bird. A. OK.I will B. Im afraid I can C. Of course not D. N

31、o，I will,Losing made her so upset,I wont forget to come to your birthday party,OK. I will get up earlier tomorrow morning,C,B,A,Lets practice.,8.Whats the matter with you? I didnt pass the test，but I still _ _. A. hope so B. hope to C. hope it D. hope that 9.I am happy if you _. A. happy B. are C. w

32、ill D. be 10.Are you a film star? _. A.Yes，I was B.I used to be C.I used to D.Im used to,hope to pass the test,are happy,I used to be a film star,B,B,B,Lets practice.,1.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，_ I will always treasure.(MNE2002) A.that B. one C. it D. what 2

33、.You have three children，but I have only two _. A. one B. ones C./ D. child 3. Can I have a cup of black coffee with sugar, please? Give me _ , please. A. it B. the same C. that D. so,a moment,children,the same black coffee,B,C,B,Lets practice,4 I say it is your turn to be on duty today. _? A. Mine

34、B.I C. Myself D. Me 5. Can you climb that tree，my boy? _? A.I B. Mine C. Myself D. Me 6. Why didnt you do your homework yesterday? But _，sir. A.I did so B.I didnt do it C.I didnt forget D.I did do it I often think of my childhood, during _ I lived on my uncles farm. A. which B. when C. where D. who,

35、Is it my turn to be on duty today,Can I climb that tree,I did do my homework,(my childhood),A,D,D,A,Lets practice.,8. May I help you with some shoes，sir? Yes，Id like to try on those white _. A. one B. ones C. two D. pair 9. Whats the difference between the first house and the second? The first one h

36、as a garage while the second has _. A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither 10. Canada has a large area than _ China. A. that of B. the one of C. it of D./,shoes/pairs,no garage,the area of,B,B,(nobody),A,倒裝,倒裝句的高考考點： 一 全部倒裝 1. 在以here、there、now、then、off、away等副詞開頭的句子里。 2. 表示地點的介詞短語位于句首時。 二 部分倒裝 1、Onl

37、y+狀語位于句首時 2、否定副詞位于句首時 3在省去if的虛擬條件從句中。 4、So Neither Nor 位于句首時 5、as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句 6、特殊句式,完全倒裝： 1. 在以here、there、now、then、off、away等副詞開頭的句子里。 (1) The birds flew away. Away flew the birds. (2) The rain came down. Down came the rain 2. 表示地點的介詞短語位于句首時。 （1）山腳下有一個美麗的湖。 At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake

38、 （2）教室外面站著一個男孩。 Outside the classroom stood a boy. 注意：在上述句子中，如果主語為人稱代詞，則主、謂不需要倒裝。 In he came and back he went again.,1、Just in front of our house _ with a history of 1000 years. （2006上海春季，34） A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree. C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands 2、Look ove

39、r there. _!（2007年安徽，22） A、Around the corner is walking a policeman. B、Around the corner is a policeman walking. C、Around the corner a policeman is walking. D、Around the corner policemen are walking,部分倒裝： 1. Only+狀語位于句首時 1）He only found it important to get along with others then. Only then did he fin

40、d it important to get along with others. 2）We can only make great progress in this way. Only in this way can we make great progress.,注意: 當(dāng)only引導(dǎo)的短語做主語時，主、謂則不發(fā)生任何倒裝。 只有五個學(xué)生能回答這個問題。 Only five students can answer this question. 注意:only后接狀語從句時，該從句一定是陳述語序。 He only realizes how nice home is when one is aw

41、ay from home. Only when one is away from home does he realize how nice home is.,高考真題再現(xiàn)： 1、Only then _ how much damage had been caused. A、had she realized B. she realized C. did she realize D. she had realized 2、 Only after my friend came _. A、did the computer repair B、he repaired the computer C、was

42、the computer repaired D、the computer was repaired,2. 否定副詞及短語位于句首時。 高考?？嫉倪@類詞或詞語有：not, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means, in no time等 。 我從沒見過如此美麗的地方。 I have never seen such a beautiful place Never have I seen such a beautiful place.,1. Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no me

43、ans _ with my progress. (2006年重慶，24） A、the teacher is not satisfied B、is the teacher not satisfied C、the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied 2、Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _ such a beautiful palace.（2004年遼寧, 26） A、can you find B. you could find C. you can find

44、 D. could you find,3 在省略if的虛擬條件從句中 （1）如果我是你，我會努力學(xué)習(xí)。 Were I you, I would work hard （2）如果明天下雨的話，我們就延遲會議。 Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting. （3）假如他聽從了我的建議，他早就 成功了。 Had he followed my advice, he would have succeeded. If it were not for his teachers help, he would never graduate from

45、this high school Were it not for his teachers help, he would never graduate from this high school.,注意：我們可以說Were it not.或者Had it not been., 但不可以說Weren t it. 或者hadnt it been. 4、so neither nor 位于句首的情況。 （1）So + 助動詞 +主語 So + 主語 + 助動詞 高考真題再現(xiàn)： 1. -Father, you promised. - Well, _. But it was you who didnt k

46、eep your word first. A、so was I B. so did I C. so I was. D. so I did,（2）Neither 和 Nor 用于否定句，表示“ 也不，也沒有”。 Neither Nor +助動詞+主語 高考真題再現(xiàn)： (1) -I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible. -_! (2004全國卷，32） A、Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me D. So do I,易錯題： 1、I wonder if your wife will go to the ball. If your wife _, so _ mine. A、does , will B. will, does C. will, would D. does, do 2、-I seldom watch TV, but li