南京信息工程大學(xué)試卷 2020-2021學(xué)年第2學(xué)期英語(yǔ)2期末考試

南京信息工程大學(xué)試卷2020－202122期末考試本試卷共12頁(yè)；考試時(shí)間120分鐘；命題教師集體 ；考試時(shí)間2021年6月30日姓名 學(xué)號(hào) 院系 英語(yǔ)班 考場(chǎng)指令1209:30。否則以作弊處理。本試題冊(cè)共12頁(yè)（試卷0頁(yè)，答題紙2頁(yè)（升序）第1頁(yè)共122020-2021學(xué)年第二學(xué)期通用英語(yǔ)2期末考試2020-2021學(xué)年第二學(xué)期通用英語(yǔ)2期末考試第第7頁(yè)共12PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledTheImportanceofSocialPractice.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.注意：此部分在答題紙上作答。PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.注意：此部分在答題紙上作答。Questions1and2willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.1. A)62. B)64. C)60. D)Unknown.A)Thebetter-off. B)Financialinstitution.Ordinarypeople. D)Government.Questions3and4willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.A)Giveteacherextrahelp. B)Engageinmanyactivities.Showupinclass. D)Offerconstructiveadvice.A)Ithasnothingtodowithhighermathscore.Itworksinsomesubjects,butnotinothers.Itleadstohigherscoresinsocialstudies.Itencouragesstudentstodobetterinscience.Questions5to7willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.A)Therelationshipbetweenhardworkandsuccess.Theimportanceofhardworkinsuccess.Theroleofhardworkinsuccess.Differentattitudestowardhardworkandsuccess.A)Americans. B)Europeans. C)Asians. D)Africans.A)Agegroups. B)Generationalbackgrounds.C)Economicconditions. D)Familybackgrounds.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Sheisenvironmentally-concerned. B)ShewantstosaveC)Hercarisbeingrepairedintheshop. D)Shewantstoseethemanonthebus.A)Dianabelievestheairisnotlikelytobecleaner.Dianathinksthediesel柴油機(jī)busisfreeofpollutionDianahastakenaclassonenvironmentalengineering.Dianasoundspessimisticaboutthefutureoftheinsulator絕熱器).A)ItmakesthefuelburnmoreIthelpsreleasemoreunburnedfuel.Itiseasytoinstall.Itisverycheap.A)Loweringtransportationfees.Theenvironmentalengineeringclass.Thecarintheshop.Betterenvironment.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Thehotelconfusedhimwithanotherguest.Roomsareoverbookedforthatevening.Therearenomoreroomsavailableforfivepeople.Alltheroomsavailableareunderrenovation.A)Therewasamarathongoingon.Almostallthehotelswerebeingrenovated.Therewasaconferencegoingon.Thehotelwasoverbookedtwomonthsago.A)Themanwantstoliveinthem.Theyarelikethenormalrooms.Thereisaroll-awaybed.CustomerscanwatchTVthere.A)Ahoneymoonsuitefor$250forthenightandfreebreakfastofChinesestyle.Ahoneymoonsuitefor$225forthenightandfreebreakfastofstyle.Ahoneymoonsuitefor$200forthenightandfreebreakfastofChinesestyle.Ahoneymoonsuitefor$200forthenightandfreebreakfastofstyle.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughtheQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Americancollegestudents’buyingAmericancollegestudents’income.Americancollegestudents’risingtuition.Americancollegestudents’entertainment.A)$billion. B)$3billion. C)$4billion. D)$5billion.A)Byofferingthempart-timejobs.Byspendingmoremoneyonadvertising.Byprovidingthemqualityproducts.Byofferingthemfreegifts.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)HowtoimproveyourreasoningWhyclassicalmusicispopularwithmathstudents.Thedifferencebetweenclassicalmusicandrockmusic.Theeffectsofmusicontheresultsofmathtests.A)Becauseitkeepsyoucalm.BecauseitstrengthensyourBecauseitstimulatesyournerveBecauseitimprovesyourproblem-solvingstrategies.A)Theeffectsofmusicdonotlastlong.PianomusiccouldinterferewithyourreasoningMusic,whetherclassicalorrock,helpsimproveyourThemoreyoulistentomusic,thehigheryourtestscoreswillbe.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Theywereonthevergeofbreakingup.Theywerecompatibledespitedifferences.Theyquarreledalotandneverresolvedtheirarguments.Theyarguedpersistentlyaboutwhethertohavechildren.A)Neitherofthemhasanybrothersorsisters.Neitherofthemwontheirparents'Theyweren'tspoiledintheirchildhood.Theydidn'tliketobetheappleoftheirparents'eyes.A)Theyareusuallygoodatmakingfriends.Theytendtobeadventurousandcreative.Theyareoftencontentwithwhattheyhave.Theytendtobeself-assuredandresponsible.A)Theyenjoymakingfriends. B)Theytendtobewelladjusted.C)Theyareleastlikelytotakeinitiative. D)Theyusuallyhavesuccessfulmarriages.PartIIIReadingComprehension(45minutes)SectionADirections: Inthissection,isapassagewithtenblanks.toselectoneforeachblankalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thetypicalpre-industrialfamilynotonlyhadagoodmanychildren,butnumerousotherdependentsaswell-grandparents,uncles,auntsandcousins.Such"extended"familiesweresuitedforsurvivalinslowpaced26societies.Butsuchfamiliesarehardto27.Theyareimmobile.Industrialismdemandedmassesofworkersreadyandabletomovethelandinpursuitofjobs,andtomoveagainwhenevernecessary.Thustheextendedfamily28sheditsexcessweightandtheso-called"nuclear"familyemergedastripped-down,portablefamilyunit29onlyofparentsandasmallsetofchildren.Thisnewstylefarmore30thanthetraditionalextendedbecamethestandardmodelinalltheindustrialcounties.Super-industrialism,however,thenextstageofeco-technologicaldevelopment,31evenhigherThuswemayexpectmanyamongthepeopleofthefuturetocarrythestreamliningprocess,astepfurtherbyremainingchildren,cuttingthefamilydowntoitsmore32components,amanandawoman.people,perhapswithmatchedcareers,willprovemoreefficientatnavigatingthrougheducationandsocialstatus,throughjobchangesandgeographicrelocations,thantheordinarilychild-clutteredA33maybethepostponementofchildren,ratherthanchildlessness.Menandwomentodayareoftentornin34betweenacommitmenttocareerandacommitmenttochildren.Inthefuture,many35willsidestepthisproblembydeferringtheentiretaskofraisingchildrenuntilafterretirement.agriculturalagriculturalincludingcompromiserequiresprimaryconsistingtransplantsituationgraduallytransportelementalconflictcontinuallymobileI.couplesSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet.TheThree-YearSolutionHartwickCollege,asmallliberal-artsschoolinupstateNewmakesthisoffertowell-preparedstudents:earnyourundergraduatedegreeinthreeyearsinsteadoffour,andsaveabout$43,000,theamountofoneyear'stuitionandfees.AnumberofinnovativecollegesaremakingthesameoffertostudentsanxiousaboutsavingtimeandThat'sbothanopportunityandawarningforthebesthigher-educationsystemintheworld.TheUnitedStateshasalmostalloftheworld'sbestuniversities.ArecentChinesesurveyranks35Americanuniversitiesamongthetop50,eightamongthetop10.OurresearchuniversitieshavebeenthekeytodevelopingthecompetitiveadvantagesthathelpAmericansproduce25%ofallthewealth.In2007,623,805oftheworld'sbrighteststudentswereattractedtoAmericanuniversities.therearesignsofperil（）withinAmericanhighereducation.U.S.collegeshavetocompeteinthemarketplace.Studentsmaychooseamong6,000public,private,nonprofit,for-profit,orreligiousinstitutionsofhigherlearning.Inaddition,almostallofthe$32billionthefederalgovernmentprovidesforuniversityresearchisawardedButmanycollegesanduniversitiesarestuckinthepast.Forinstance,theideaofthefall-to-spring"schoolyear"hasn'tchangedmuchsincebeforetheAmericanRevolution,whenwewereanationoffarmersandstudentsputtheirbooksawaytoworkthesoilduringtheThatlongsummerstretchnolongermakessense.FormerGeorgeUniversitypresidentStephenTrachtenbergestimatesthatatypicalcollegeusesitsfacilitiesforacademicpurposesalittlemorethanhalfthecalendar"Whilecollegefacilitiessitidle,theycontinuetogeneratemaintenanceexpensesthatcontributetothehighcostofrunningacollege,"hehaswritten.academicdepartments，tenure（）combinedwithage-discriminationlaws，makesfacultyturnover—criticalforauniversitytoremaincurrentinchangingtimes—difficult.Insteadofprotectingspeechandencouragingdiversityandinnovativethinking,thetenuresystemoftenstifles（）them:youngerprofessorsmustwintheapprovalofestablishedcolleaguesfortenure,encouraginglikemindednessandsometimesinhibitingthefreeflowofideas.Meanwhile,tuitionhassoared,leavinggraduatingstudentswithunprecedentedloandebt.Strongcampuspresidentstomanagetheseproblemsarebecominghardertofind,andtokeep.Infact,studentsnowstayoncampusalmostaslongastheirpresidents.Theaverageamountoftimestudentsnowtaketocompleteanundergraduatedegreehasstretchedtosixyearsandsevenmonthsasstudentsinterruptedbywork,inconveniencedbyunavailableclasses,orluredbyonemorefootballseasonfindithardtograduate.CongresshastriedtohelpstudentswithcollegecoststhroughPellGrantsandotherformsoftuitionsupport.Butsomeoftheirfixeshavemadetheproblemworse.ThestackofcongressionalregulationsgoverningfederalstudentgrantsandloansnowstandstwiceastallasIdo.Filingouttheseformsconsumes7%ofeverytuitionForallofthesereasons,somecollegeslikeHartwickarerethinkingtheoldwayofdoingthingsandquestioningdecades-oldassumptionsaboutwhatacollegedegreemeans.Forinstance,whydoesithavetotakefouryearstoearnadiploma?Thisfall,16first-yearstudentsandfoursecond-yearstudentsatHartwickenrolledintheschool'snewthree-yeardegreeprogram.Accordingtothecollegetheplanisdesignedforhigh-ability,highlymotivatedstudentswhowishtosavemoneyortomovealongmorerapidlytowardadvanceddegrees.Byeliminatingthatextrathree-yeardegreestudentssave25%incosts.Insteadoftaking30creditsathesestudentstake40.DuringHartwickrunsafour-weekcourseduringwhichstudentsmayearnthreetofourcreditsonorcampus,includinganumberofinternationalsites.Summercoursesarenotrequired,butastudentmayenrollinthem-andpayextra.Threeyearstudentsgetfirstcrackatcourseregistration.TherearenochangesinthenumberofcoursesprofessorsteachorintheirThethree-yeardegreeisn'tanewidea.Geniuseshavealwaysbreezedthrough.JudsonCollege,a350-studentinstitutioninAlabama,hasofferedstudentsathree-yearoptionfor40years.Studentsattend"shortterms"inMayandJunetoearnthecreditsrequiredforgraduation.BatesCollegeinMaineandBallStateUniversityinIndianaareamongothercollegesofferingthree-yearoptions.Changesatthehigh-schoollevelarealsohelpingtomakeiteasierformanystudentstoearntheirundergraduatedegreesinlesstime.OneoffivestudentsarrivesatcollegetodaywithAdvancedPlacement(AP)creditsamountingtoasemesterormoreofcollege-levelwork.Manyuniversities,includinglargeschoolsliketheUniversityofmakeiteasyfortheseAPstudentstograduateForstudentswhodon'tplantostopwithanundergraduatedegree,thethree-yearplanmayhaveanevengreaterappealJohnSergentheadofUniversityMedicalSchool'sresidencyinundergraduatecollegein1959.Heenteredmedicalschoolafteronlythreeyearsasdidfourorfiveofhisclassmates."MyfirstyearofmedicalschoolcountedasmyseniorwhichmeantIhadtotakethreetofourlabsaweektogetallmysciencesin.IbasicallyskippedmysenioryearsaysSergentHestillhadtimetobeastudentsenatorandmeethiswife.Thereare,however,drawbackstomovingthroughschoolatsuchabriskpace.Forone,itdeprivesstudentsoftheluxuryoftimetoroam（）intellectuallyCompressingeverythingintothreeyearsalsoleaveslesstimeforgrowingup,engaginginextracurricularactivities,andstudyingabroad.Oncrowdedcampusesitcouldmeanfeweropportunitiestogetintoaprizedprofessor'sclass.Iowa'sCollegehasgraduatedseveralhundredstudentsinitsthree-yeardegreeprogramsbutisnowphasingouttheoption.Moststudentswantedthefullfour-yearexperience—academically,andathletically.Andfacultymemberswillbewaryofanychangethatthreatensthecorecurriculuminthenameofmovingstudentsintotheworkforce."Mosthighgovernmentalofficialsseemtoconceiveofeducationinthislight-asawaytoensureeconomiccompetitivenessandcontinuedeconomicgrowth,"DerekBok,formerpresidentofHarvardtoldThePost."Istronglydisagreewiththisapproach."Anotherriskthenewcampusproducelessrevenuefortheinstitutionandlongerworkinghoursforfacultymembers.Adoptingathree-yearoptionwillnotcomeeasilytomostschools.ThosethatwishtotackletraditionandmakeAmericancampusesmorecost-consciousmayfinditeasiertotakeTrachtenberg'sadvice:opencampusesyear-round.couldruntwocompletecolleges,withtwocompletefaculties,"hesays."That'swithoutcuttingthelengthofstudents'vacations,increasingclasssizes,orrequiringfacultytoteachmore."Whethertheyexperimentwiththree-yeardegrees,offeryear-roundclasses,challengethetenuresystem—oralloftheabove—universitiesareslowlyrealizingthattostaycompetitiveandrelevanttheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworld.Expandingthethree-yearoptionmaybedifficult,butitmaybelessdifficultthanaskingCongressforadditionalfinancialhelp,askinglegislatorsformorestatesupport,oraskingstudentsforevenhighertuitionpayments.Campuseswillingtoadoptconvenientschedulesalongwithmore-focused,less-expensivedegreesmayfindthattheyhaveacompetitiveadvantageinattractingbright,motivatedstudents.ThesesortsofinnovationscanhelpAmericanuniversitiesavoidtheperilsofsuccess.Accordingtoaformeruniversitypresident,whilecollegefacilitiesarenotputintouse,theystillgeneratemaintenancecosts.Acollege'sthree-yeardegreeprogramhasbeenrunningfor40years.Inthenewthree-yeardegreeprogram,studentshavetoearnmorecreditseachACollegeinNewstartsthree-yeardegreeprogramssoastocutstudents'expenses.ThetenuresysteminAmericanuniversitiessuppressescreativethinking.Studentsdon’thavemuchtimetoroamintellectually,whichissaidtobeadrawbackofthethree-yearcollegeprogram.Universitiesareincreasinglyawarethattheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworldinordertostaycompetitiveandrelevant.MorestudentshaveAdvancedPlacementcreditsinhighschools,whichhelpsstudentsearnundergraduatedegreesinthreeyears.Collegefacultymembersareafraidthatthepretextofmovingstudentsintotheworkforcemightposeathreattothecorecurriculum.Convenientacademicscheduleswithmore-focused,less-expensivedegreeswillbemoreattractivetobright,motivatedstudents.SectionCDirections:2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemfourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthePassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ItisnotoftenrealizedthatwomenheldahighplaceinsouthernEuropeansocietiesinthe10thandcenturies.Asawife,thewomanwasprotectedbythesettingupofadowry(彩禮)ordecimum.thepurposeofthiswastoprotectheragainsttheriskofdesertion,butinrealityitsfunctioninthesocialandfamilylifeofthetimewasmuchmoreimportantThedowrywastherighttoreceiveatenthofallherhusband’sThewifehadtherighttowithholdconsent,inalltransactionsthehusbandwouldmake,andmorethanjustaright;thedocumentsshowthatsheenjoyedarealpowerofdecision,equaltothatofherhusband.Innocasedothedocumentsindicateanydegreeofdifferenceinthelegalstatusofhusbandandwife.Thewifesharedinthemanagementofherhusband’spersonalbuttheoppositewasnotalwaystrue.seemedperfectlypreparedtodefendtheirowninheritanceagainsthusbandswhotriedtoexceedtheirrights,andonoccasiontheyshowedafinefightingspirit.AcaseinpointisthatofMariaHavingagreedwithherhusbandMirotosellafieldshehadinherited,fortheneedsofthehousehold,sheinsistedoncompensation.Nonebeingoffered,shesucceededindraggingherhusbandtothescribe(法學(xué)家)tohaveacontractdulydrawnupassigningherapieceoflandfrompersonalinheritance.Theunfortunatehusbandwasobligedtoagree,asthecontractsays,“forthesakeofpeace.”Eitherthroughthedowryorthroughbeinghot-tempered,thewifeknewhowtowinherself,withthecontextoftheapowerfuleconomicposition.Adecimumwas .thewife'sinheritancefromherfatheragiftofmoneytothenewhusbandaprotectionoftherightawrittencontractInthe10thand11thcenturiesinsouthernEuropean,socialpositionwas .higherthanashighaslowerthanneverrecognizedThepurposeofmentioningthecaseofMariawas toshowwomenhadthesamerightsas,ifnotmorethan,theirhusbandtoprovehot-temperedwomanheldapowerfuleconomicpositiontotellthereaderstherealsituationsinsomecountriestoshowthefightspiritsofwomanCouldahusbandsellhiswife'sinheritance?ifsheagreed.No,undernocircumstances.wheneverhewishedto.ifhisfather-in-lawagreed.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaneffectofthedowrysystem?Thehusbandhadtosharethepowerofdecisioninmarriage.Thewifecouldmanageherhusband’spersonalThewifegainedapowerfuleconomicposition.Thewifewouldnotbedesertedbyherhusband.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheamountoffloatingplastictrappedinanorthAtlanticcurrentsystemhasn’tgotanybiggerin22years,despitemoreandmoreplasticbeingthrown.Since1986studentstakingsamplesofplankton()intheAtlanticandCaribbeanOceanshavealsonotedwhentheirnetscaughtplasticKaraLavenderandcolleaguesattheSeaEducationAssociationinHole,Massachusetts,analysedthedata,andfoundthatof6136samplesrecorded,morethan60percentincludedpiecesofplastic,typicallyjustmillimetersacrossTheareasofhighestplasticconcentrationarewithinthenorthAtlanticsub-tropical),wherecurrentsgathertheLavenderandherteamweresurprisedtofindthattheamountoffloatingplastichadnotincreasedinthegyre.Althoughithasbeenillegalsincethe1970sforshipstothrowplasticoverboard,Lavenderthinksthattheoverallrateofplasticrubbishreachingtheoceanwillhaveincreased,giventhefivefoldincreaseinglobalproductionofplasticsince1976.“Wheretheextraplasticisgoingisthebigshesays.Plasticresistsbio-degradationandcanlastdecadesormoreintheocean.Eventuallysunlightandwavemotionbreakitintosmallerpieces,whichcanbeharmfultomarinelife—blockingthestomachsoffishandseabirds,forexample.Someexpertssuggestthattheplasticmightbedegradingintopiecessmallenoughtopassthroughthe0.3-millimetre-meshnetsusedinthestudy,orbecomingcoatedinbio-filmsandsinkingoutofrangeofthenets.Howeveritisunclearwhytherateofdegradationduringthestudyperiodshouldhaveincreasedtooffsettheextraplasticgoingintotheocean.Lavendersaysitisunlikelythatoceancurrentsarepushingplasticoutofthegyre,althoughSimonBoxalloftheNationalOceanographyCentreinSouthampton,UK,whowasn’tinvolvedinthestudy,disagrees.HesaystheAtlanticgyrehasanexitstrategyintheformoftheGulfStream.“We’veseenhighlevelsofplasticintheArctic.”Hesays.Whereveritisgoingatthemoment,theplasticonouroceanswilleventuallybebrokendownintomicroscopicpiecesandindividualmoleculeswhoseenvironmentaleffectisunknown.“Themillion-dollarquestionis,isitcausinganydamage?”saysBoxall.“Whenplasticparticlesgetsosmallaretheyjustlikefibregoingthroughthesystem?Somestudiessuggestthatpersistentchemicalsinnewerplasticfunctionasendocrine(disruptorsandsimulatedhormones.Andthisfine-grainedplasticisverylong-lived.“Thedepressingthingislikelytoremainintheoceansessentiallyforever,”saysLavender.KaraLavenderandhercolleagueshadanalyzed6136samplesof .plankton B)floatinglitter C)plasticlitter D)netsLavendertendstobelievethattheamountoffloatingplasticlitterismostdeterminedby .thelawsagainstplasticthrowing B)theoverallproductionofplasticC)ourawarenessoftheenvironment D)thenaturalconditionsintheoceanThefloatingplasticendangersthemarinelifewhen .itisgatheredbythecurrent. B)itisresistanttodegradationC)itiscoveredwithbio-films D)itisreducedtosmallpiecesBysayingthatseenhighlevelsofplasticintheArctic”,SimonBoxallthinksthat .LavenderhasoverestimatedtherateofdegradationofplasticthereismoreplasticintheoceanthanLavender’sestimateitispossiblefortheplastictobepushedoutofthegyrethereismoreplasticintheArcticthanthatinthegyre第第10頁(yè)共12AccordingtoLavender,newerplasticscanbebrokendownintomicroscopicparticles