經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)詞匯中英文對照

經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)詞匯中英文對照A20accounting會計accountingcost會計成本accountingprofit會計利潤adverseselection逆向選擇allocation配置allocationofresources資源配置allocativeefficiency配置效率antitrustlegislation反托拉斯法arcelasticity弧彈性assumption假設(shè)asymmetricinformation非對稱性信息average平均averagecost平均成本averagecostpricing平均成本定價法averagefixedcost平均固定成本averageproductofcapital資本平均產(chǎn)量averageproductoflabour勞動平均產(chǎn)量averagerevenue平均收益averagetotalcost平均總成本averagevariablecost平均可變成本B12barrierstoentry進(jìn)入壁壘baseyear基年bilateralmonopoly雙邊壟斷benefit收益blackmarket黑市blisspoint極樂點boundarypoint邊界點breakevenpoint收支相抵點budget預(yù)算budgetconstraint預(yù)算約束budgetline預(yù)算線budgetset預(yù)算集C75capital資本capitalstock資本存量capitaloutputratio資本產(chǎn)出比率capitalism資本主義cardinalutilitytheory基數(shù)效用論cartel卡特爾ceterisparibusassumption“其他條件不變”的假設(shè)ceterisparibusdemandcurve“其他因素不變”的需求曲線Chamberlainmodel張伯倫模型changeindemand需求變化changeinquantitydemanded需求量變化changeinquantitysupplied供給量變化changeinsupply供給變化choice選擇closedset閉集Coasetheorem科斯定理Cobb-Douglasproductionfunction柯布--道格拉斯生產(chǎn)函數(shù)cobwebmodel蛛網(wǎng)模型collectivebargaining集體協(xié)議工資collusion合謀commandeconomy指令經(jīng)濟(jì)commodity商品commoditycombination商品組合commoditymarket商品市場commodityspace商品空間commonproperty公用財產(chǎn)comparativestaticanalysis比較靜態(tài)分析compensatedbudgetline補(bǔ)償預(yù)算線compensateddemandfunction補(bǔ)償需求函數(shù)compensationprinciples補(bǔ)償原則compensatingvariationinincome收入補(bǔ)償變量competition競爭competitivemarket競爭性市場complementgoods互補(bǔ)品completeinformation完全信息completeness完備性conditionforefficiencyinexchange交換的最優(yōu)條件conditionforefficiencyinproduction生產(chǎn)的最優(yōu)條件concave凹concavefunction凹函數(shù)concavepreference凹偏好consistence一致性constantcostindustry成本不變產(chǎn)業(yè)constantreturnstoscale規(guī)模報酬不變constraints約束consumer消費者consumerbehavior消費者行為consumerchoice消費者選擇consumerequilibrium消費者均衡consumeroptimization消費者優(yōu)化consumerpreference消費者偏好consumersurplus消費者剩余consumertheory消費者理論consumption消費consumptionbundle消費束consumptioncombination消費組合consumptionpossibilitycurve消費可能曲線consumptionpossibilityfrontier消費可能性前沿consumptionset消費集consumptionspace消費空間continuity連續(xù)性continuousfunction連續(xù)函數(shù)contractcurve契約曲線convex凸convexfunction凸函數(shù)convexpreference凸偏好convexset凸集corporation公司cost成本costbenefitanalysis成本收益分析costfunction成本函數(shù)costminimization成本最小化Cournotequilibrium古諾均衡Cournotmodel古諾模型cross-priceelasticity交叉價格彈性D32dead-weightsloss重負(fù)損失decreasingcostindustry成本遞減產(chǎn)業(yè)decreasingreturnstoscale規(guī)模報酬遞減deduction演繹法demand需求demandcurve需求曲線demandelasticity需求彈性demandfunction需求函數(shù)demandprice需求價格demandschedule需求表depreciation折舊derivative導(dǎo)數(shù)derivedemand派生需求differenceequation差分方程differentialequation微分方程differentiatedgood差異商品differentiatedoligopoly差異寡頭diminishingmarginalsubstitution邊際替代率遞減diminishingmarginalreturn收益遞減diminishingmarginalutility邊際效用遞減directapproach直接法directtaxes直接稅discounting貼水、折扣diseconomiesofscale規(guī)模不經(jīng)濟(jì)disequilibrium非均衡distribution分配divisionoflabour勞動分工duopoly雙頭壟斷、雙寡duality對偶durablegoods耐用品dynamicanalysis動態(tài)分析dynamicmodels動態(tài)模型E50economicagents經(jīng)濟(jì)行為者economiccost經(jīng)濟(jì)成本economicefficiency經(jīng)濟(jì)效率economicgoods經(jīng)濟(jì)物品economicman經(jīng)濟(jì)人economicmode經(jīng)濟(jì)模型economicprofit經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤economicregulation經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)節(jié)economicrent經(jīng)濟(jì)租金exchange交換exchangeefficiency交換效率exchangecontractcurve交換契約曲線economyofscale規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)Edgeworthboxdiagram埃奇沃思圖exclusion排斥性、排他性Edgeworthcontractcurve埃奇沃思契約線Edgeworthmodel埃奇沃思模型efficiency效率、效益efficiencyparameter效率參數(shù)elasticity彈性elasticityofsubstitution替代彈性endogenousvariable內(nèi)生變量endowment稟賦endowmentofresources資源稟賦Engelcurve恩格爾曲線entrepreneur企業(yè)家entrepreneurship企業(yè)家才能entrybarriers進(jìn)入壁壘entry/exitdecision進(jìn)出決策envelopecurve包絡(luò)線equilibrium均衡equilibriumcondition均衡條件equilibriumprice均衡價格equilibriumquantity均衡產(chǎn)量equity公平equivalentvariationinincome收入等價變量excess-capacitytheorem過度生產(chǎn)能力定理existence存在性existenceofgeneralequilibrium總體均衡的存在性expansionpaths擴(kuò)展徑expectation期望expectedutility期望效用expectedvalue期望值expenditure支出explicitcost顯性成本externalbenefit外部收益externalcost外部成本externaleconomy外部經(jīng)濟(jì)externaldiseconomy外部不經(jīng)濟(jì)externalities外部性F24factor要素factordemand要素需求factormarket要素市場factorsofproduction生產(chǎn)要素factorsubstitution要素替代factorsupply要素供給fallacyofcomposition合成謬誤finalgoods最終產(chǎn)品firm企業(yè)firms'demandcurveforlabour企業(yè)勞動需求曲線firmsupplycurve企業(yè)供給曲線first-degreepricediscrimination第一級價格歧視first-ordercondition一階條件fixedcosts固定成本fixedinput固定投入fixedproportionsproductionfunction固定比例的生產(chǎn)函數(shù)flow流量fluctuation波動forwhomtoproduce為誰生產(chǎn)freeentry自由進(jìn)入freegoods自由品、免費品freemobilityofresources資源自由流動freerider搭便車、免費搭車者futurevalue未來值G11gametheory博弈論、對策論generalequilibrium總體均衡、一般均衡generalgoods一般商品Giffengoods吉芬商品Giffen'sParadox吉芬之謎Ginicoefficient吉尼系數(shù)goldenrule黃金規(guī)則governmentfailure政府失敗governmentregulation政府調(diào)控grandutilitypossibilitycurve總效用可能曲線grandutilitypossibilityfrontier總效用可能前沿H9heterogeneousproduct異質(zhì)產(chǎn)品Hicks-kaldorwelfarecriterion希克斯－卡爾多福利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)homogeneity齊次性homogeneousdemandfunction齊次需求函數(shù)homogeneousproduct同質(zhì)產(chǎn)品homogeneousproductionfunction齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)horizontalsummation水平和humancapital人力資本hypothesis假說I52identity恒等式imperfectcompetition不完全競爭implicitcost隱性成本income收入incomecompensateddemandcurve收入補(bǔ)償需求曲線incomeconstraint收入約束incomeconsumptioncurve收入消費曲線incomedistribution收入分配incomeeffect收入效應(yīng)incomeelasticityofdemand需求收入彈性increasingcostindustry成本遞增產(chǎn)業(yè)increasingreturnstoscale規(guī)模報酬遞增indexnumber指數(shù)indifference無差異indifferencecurve無差異曲線indifferencemap無差異族indifferencerelation無差異關(guān)系indifferenceset無差異集indirectapproach間接法individualanalysis個量分析individualdemandcurve個人需求曲線individualdemandfunction個人需求函數(shù)inducedvariable引致變量induction歸納法industry產(chǎn)業(yè)industryequilibrium產(chǎn)業(yè)均衡industrysupplycurve產(chǎn)業(yè)供給曲線inelastic缺乏彈性的inferiorgoods劣品inflectionpoint拐點information信息informationcost信息成本initialcondition初始條件initialendowment初始稟賦innovation創(chuàng)新input投入input-output投入－產(chǎn)出institution制度institutionaleconomics制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)insurance保險intercept截距interest利息interestrate利息率intermediategoods中間產(chǎn)品internalizationofexternalities外部性內(nèi)部化invention發(fā)明inversedemandfunction反需求函數(shù)invisiblehand看不見的手isocostline等成本線isoprofitcurve等利潤曲線isoquantcurve等產(chǎn)量曲線isoquantmap等產(chǎn)量族K1kinked-demandcurve彎折的需求曲線L30labourdemand勞動需求laboursupply勞動供給labourtheoryofvalue勞動價值論labourunions工會laissezfaire自由放任Lagrangianfunction拉格朗日函數(shù)Lagrangianmultiplier拉格朗日乘數(shù)lawofdemandandsupply供需法則lawofdiminishingmarginalutility邊際效用遞減法則lawofdiminishingmarginalrateofsubstitution邊際替代率遞減法則lawofincreasingcost成本遞增法則lawofoneprice單一價格法則leader-followermodel領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者－跟隨者模型least-costcombinationofinputs最低成本的投入組合leisure閑暇Leontiefproductionfunction里昂惕夫生產(chǎn)函數(shù)licenses許可證lineardemandfunction線性需求函數(shù)linearhomogeneity線性齊次性linearhomogeneousproductionfunction線性齊次生產(chǎn)函數(shù)longrun長期longrunaveragecost長期平均成本longrunequilibrium長期均衡longrunindustrysupplycurve長期產(chǎn)業(yè)供給曲線longrunmarginalcost長期邊際成本longruntotalcost長期總成本Lorenzcurve洛倫茲曲線lossminimization損失極小化lumpsumtax一次性征稅luxury奢侈品M45macroeconomics宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)marginalbenefit邊際收益marginalcost邊際成本marginalcostpricing邊際成本定價marginalcostoffactor邊際要素成本marginalperiod市場期marginalphysicalproductivity邊際實物生產(chǎn)率marginalproduct邊際產(chǎn)量marginalproductofcapital資本的邊際產(chǎn)量marginalproductoflabour勞動的邊際產(chǎn)量marginalproductivity邊際生產(chǎn)率marginalrateofsubstitution邊際替代率marginalrateoftransformation邊際轉(zhuǎn)換率marginalreturns邊際回報marginalrevenue邊際收益marginalrevenueproduct邊際收益產(chǎn)品marginalrevolution邊際革命marginalsocialbenefit社會邊際收益marginalsocialcost社會邊際成本marginalutility邊際效用marginalvalueproducts邊際價值產(chǎn)品marketclearance市場出清marketeconomy市場經(jīng)濟(jì)marketequilibrium市場均衡marketfailure市場失靈marketmechanism市場機(jī)制marketstructure市場結(jié)構(gòu)marketseparation市場分割marketregulation市場調(diào)節(jié)marketshare市場份額markuppricing加減定價法Marshalliandemandfunction馬歇爾需求函數(shù)maximization最大化microeconomics微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)minimumwage最低工資misallocationofresources資源誤置mixedeconomy混合經(jīng)濟(jì)monopolisticcompetition壟斷競爭monopolisticexploitation壟斷剝削monopoly壟斷，賣方壟斷monopolyequilibrium壟斷均衡monopolypricing壟斷定價monopolyregulation壟斷調(diào)控monopolyrents壟斷租金monopsony買方壟斷N17Nashequilibrium納什均衡naturalmonopoly自然壟斷naturalresources自然資源necessarycondition必要條件necessities必需品netdemand凈需求nonconvexpreference非凸性偏好nonconvexity非凸性nonexclusion非排斥性nonlinearpricing非線性定價nonrivalry非對抗性nonpricecompetition非價格競爭nonsatiation非飽和性non-zero-sumgame非零和對策normalgoods正常品normalprofit正常利潤normativeeconomics規(guī)范經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)O17objectivefunction目標(biāo)函數(shù)oligopoly寡頭壟斷oligopolymarket寡頭市場oligopolymodel寡頭模型opportunitycost機(jī)會成本optimalchoice最佳選擇optimalconsumptionbundle消費束optimalresourceallocation最佳資源配置optimalscale最佳規(guī)模optimalsolution最優(yōu)解optimization優(yōu)化orderingofoptimization(social)preference（社會）偏好排序ordinalutility序數(shù)效用ordinarygoods一般品output產(chǎn)出outputelasticity產(chǎn)出彈性outputmaximization產(chǎn)出極大化P68parameter參數(shù)Paretocriterion帕累托標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Paretoefficiency帕累托效率Paretoimprovement帕累托改進(jìn)Paretooptimality帕累托優(yōu)化Paretoset帕累托集partialderivative偏導(dǎo)數(shù)partialequilibrium局部均衡patent專利payoffmatrix收益矩陣、支付矩陣perceiveddemandcurve感覺到的需求曲線perfectcompetition完全競爭perfectcomplement完全互補(bǔ)品perfectmonopoly完全壟斷perfectpricediscrimination完全價格歧視perfectsubstitution完全替代品perfectinelasticity完全無彈性perfectelasticity完全有彈性plantsize工廠規(guī)模pointelasticity點彈性positiveeconomics實證經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)PostHocFallacy后此謬誤prediction預(yù)測preference偏好preferencerelation偏好關(guān)系presentvalue現(xiàn)值priceadjustmentmodel價格調(diào)整模型priceceiling最高限價priceconsumptioncurve價格消費曲線pricecontrol價格管制pricedifference價格差別pricediscrimination價格歧視priceelasticityofdemand需求價格彈性priceelasticityofsupply供給價格彈性pricefloor最低限價pricemaker價格制定者pricerigidity價格剛性priceseeker價格搜求者pricetaker價格接受者privatebenefit私人收益principal-agentissues委托－代理問題privatecost私人成本privategoods私人用品privateproperty私人財產(chǎn)producerequilibrium生產(chǎn)者均衡producertheory生產(chǎn)者論producttransformationcurve產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換曲線productdifferentiation產(chǎn)品差異productgroup產(chǎn)品集團(tuán)productioncontractcurve生產(chǎn)契約曲線productionefficiency生產(chǎn)效率productionfunction生產(chǎn)函數(shù)productionpossibilitycurve生產(chǎn)可能曲線productivity生產(chǎn)率productivityofcapital資本生產(chǎn)率productivityoflabour勞動生產(chǎn)率profitfunction利潤函數(shù)profitmaximization利潤最大化propertyrights產(chǎn)權(quán)propertyrightseconomics產(chǎn)權(quán)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)proposition定理proportionaldemandcurve成比例的需求函數(shù)publicbenefits公共收益publicchoice公共選擇publicgoods公共商品purecompetition純粹競爭pureexchange純交換puremonopoly純粹壟斷Q3quantity-adjustmentmodel數(shù)量調(diào)整模型quantitytax從量稅quasi-rent準(zhǔn)租金R18rateofproducttransformation產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換率rationality理性reactionfunction反應(yīng)函數(shù)regulation調(diào)節(jié)，調(diào)控relativeprice相對價格rent租金rentseeking尋租rentseekingeconomics尋租經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)resource資源resourceallocation資源配置returns報酬、回報returnstoscale規(guī)模報酬revealedpreference顯示性偏好revenue收益revenuecurve收益曲線revenuefunction收益函數(shù)revenuemaximization收益最大化ridgeline脊線S43satiation飽和，滿足saving儲蓄scarcity稀缺性lawofscarcity稀缺法則second-degreepricediscrimination二級價格歧視secondderivative二階導(dǎo)數(shù)second-ordercondition二階條件service勞務(wù)shadowprices影子價格short-run短期short-runcostcurve短期成本曲線short-runequilibrium短期均衡short-runsupplycurve短期供給曲線shutdowndecision關(guān)閉決策shortage短缺shutdownpoint關(guān)閉點singlepricemonopoly單一定價壟斷slope斜率socialbenefit社會收益socialcost社會成本socialindifferencecurve社會無差異曲線socialpreference社會偏好socialsecurity社會保障socialwelfarefunction社會福利函數(shù)socialism社會主義sol