《安全員》課件-02施工安全技術(shù)措施

《安全員》TheSecurity第二節(jié)施工安全技術(shù)措施SectionIITechnicalMeasuresforConstructionSafety第二節(jié)施工安全技術(shù)措施SectionIITechnicalMeasuresforConstructionSafety安全技術(shù)措施，系指為防止工傷事故和職業(yè)病的危害，從技術(shù)上采取的措施。Safetytechnicalmeasuresrefertothemeasurestakentechnicallytopreventthehazardsofwork-relatedaccidentsandoccupationaldiseases.第二節(jié)施工安全技術(shù)措施SectionIITechnicalMeasuresforConstructionSafety安全技術(shù)措施，系指為防止工傷事故和職業(yè)病的危害，從技術(shù)上采取的措施。Safetytechnicalmeasuresrefertothemeasurestakentechnicallytopreventthehazardsofwork-relatedaccidentsandoccupationaldiseases.工程施工中，針對(duì)工程的特點(diǎn)、施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)環(huán)境、施工方法、勞動(dòng)組織、作業(yè)方法、使用的機(jī)械、動(dòng)力設(shè)備、變配電設(shè)施、架設(shè)工具以及各項(xiàng)安全防護(hù)設(shè)施等制定的確保安全施工的措施，稱為施工安全技術(shù)措施。施工安全技術(shù)措施是施工組織設(shè)計(jì)(或施工方案)的重要組織部分。Intheconstructionoftheproject,themeasurestoensurethesafetyoftheconstructionareformulatedforthecharacteristicsoftheproject,theconstructionsiteenvironment,theconstructionmethod,thelabourorganisation,theoperationmethod,themachineryused,thepowerequipment,thesubstationanddistributionfacilities,theerectiontoolsandthesafetyprotectionfacilities,etc.Theyarecalledconstructionsafetytechnicalmeasures.Constructionsafetytechnicalmeasuresareanimportantpartoftheconstructionorganisationdesign(orconstructionprogramme).工程大致分為兩種：一是結(jié)構(gòu)共性較多的稱為一般工程；二是結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜、施工特點(diǎn)較多的稱為特殊工程。Theworksarebroadlydividedintotwotypes:firstly,thosewithmorestructuralcommonalitiesarecalledgeneralworks;secondly,thosewithmorecomplexstructuresandconstructionfeaturesarecalledspecialworks.有人認(rèn)為在安全技術(shù)措施中摘錄幾條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就可以了。這是行不通的。因?yàn)?，即使是同類結(jié)構(gòu)的工程，由于施工條件、環(huán)境等不同，既有共性，也有不同之處。不同之處在共性措施中就無法解決。因此應(yīng)根據(jù)工程施工特點(diǎn)，將不同危險(xiǎn)因素，按照有關(guān)規(guī)程的規(guī)定，結(jié)合以往的施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)與教訓(xùn)，參照以下內(nèi)容編制安全技術(shù)措施。Somepeoplethinkthatafewexcerptsofstandardsinthesafetytechnicalmeasureswillbesufficient.Thisisnotfeasible.Because,evenifitisthesamekindofstructureoftheproject,duetotheconstructionconditions,environmentandotherdifferent,therearecommonality,butalsodifferences.Thedifferencescannotbesolvedinthecommonmeasures.Therefore,accordingtotheconstructioncharacteristicsoftheproject,differentriskfactorsshouldbecompiledinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftherelevantregulations,combinedwithpreviousconstructionexperienceandlessonslearned,withreferencetothefollowingcontentofthetechnicalsafetymeasures.(1)土方工程。根據(jù)基坑、基槽、地下室等挖土方深度和土的種類，選擇開挖方法，確定邊坡的坡度或采取哪種護(hù)坡支撐和護(hù)地樁，以防土方塌方。(1)Earthwork.Accordingtothedepthofexcavationandthetypeofsoilinthefoundationpit,trenchandbasement,choosetheexcavationmethodanddeterminetheslopeofthesideslopeorwhichkindofslopeprotectionsupportandgroundprotectionpiletopreventtheearthfromcollapsing.(3)高處作業(yè)的上下安全通道。(3)Safepassageupanddownforworkingatheight.(2)腳手架、吊籃、工具式腳手架等選用及設(shè)計(jì)搭設(shè)方案和安全防護(hù)措施。(2)Selectionanddesignofscaffolding,hangingbaskets,tooledscaffolding,etc.anderectionprogrammesandsafetymeasures.1．一般工程安全技術(shù)措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(1)土方工程。根據(jù)基坑、基槽、地下室等挖土方深度和土的種類，選擇開挖方法，確定邊坡的坡度或采取哪種護(hù)坡支撐和護(hù)地樁，以防土方塌方。(1)Earthwork.Accordingtothedepthofexcavationandthetypeofsoilinthefoundationpit,trenchandbasement,choosetheexcavationmethodanddeterminetheslopeofthesideslopeorwhichkindofslopeprotectionsupportandgroundprotectionpiletopreventtheearthfromcollapsing.(3)高處作業(yè)的上下安全通道。(3)Safepassageupanddownforworkingatheight.(2)腳手架、吊籃、工具式腳手架等選用及設(shè)計(jì)搭設(shè)方案和安全防護(hù)措施。(2)Selectionanddesignofscaffolding,hangingbaskets,tooledscaffolding,etc.anderectionprogrammesandsafetymeasures.1．一般工程安全技術(shù)措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(1)土方工程。根據(jù)基坑、基槽、地下室等挖土方深度和土的種類，選擇開挖方法，確定邊坡的坡度或采取哪種護(hù)坡支撐和護(hù)地樁，以防土方塌方。(1)Earthwork.Accordingtothedepthofexcavationandthetypeofsoilinthefoundationpit,trenchandbasement,choosetheexcavationmethodanddeterminetheslopeofthesideslopeorwhichkindofslopeprotectionsupportandgroundprotectionpiletopreventtheearthfromcollapsing.(3)高處作業(yè)的上下安全通道。(3)Safepassageupanddownforworkingatheight.(2)腳手架、吊籃、工具式腳手架等選用及設(shè)計(jì)搭設(shè)方案和安全防護(hù)措施。(2)Selectionanddesignofscaffolding,hangingbaskets,tooledscaffolding,etc.anderectionprogrammesandsafetymeasures.1．一般工程安全技術(shù)措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(4)安全網(wǎng)(平網(wǎng)、立網(wǎng))的架設(shè)要求，范圍(保護(hù)區(qū)域)、架設(shè)層次、段落。(4)Theerectionrequirementsofsafetynets(flatnets,verticalnets),thescope(protectionarea),erectionlevelsandparagraphs.(6)施工洞口及臨邊的防護(hù)方法和立體交叉施工作業(yè)區(qū)的隔離措施。(6)Constructionholesandthemethodofprotectionoftheadjacentedgeandtheisolationmeasuresofthethree-dimensionalcrossconstructionworkarea.(5)對(duì)施工用的電梯、井架(龍門架)等垂直運(yùn)輸設(shè)備，位置搭設(shè)要求，穩(wěn)定性、安全裝置等的要求和措施。(5)Therequirementsandmeasuresforverticaltransportequipmentsuchaslifts,derricks(gantries)forconstruction,locationerectionrequirements,stability,safetydevices,etc.1．一般工程安全技術(shù)措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(4)安全網(wǎng)(平網(wǎng)、立網(wǎng))的架設(shè)要求，范圍(保護(hù)區(qū)域)、架設(shè)層次、段落。(4)Theerectionrequirementsofsafetynets(flatnets,verticalnets),thescope(protectionarea),erectionlevelsandparagraphs.(6)施工洞口及臨邊的防護(hù)方法和立體交叉施工作業(yè)區(qū)的隔離措施。(6)Constructionholesandthemethodofprotectionoftheadjacentedgeandtheisolationmeasuresofthethree-dimensionalcrossconstructionworkarea.(5)對(duì)施工用的電梯、井架(龍門架)等垂直運(yùn)輸設(shè)備，位置搭設(shè)要求，穩(wěn)定性、安全裝置等的要求和措施。(5)Therequirementsandmeasuresforverticaltransportequipmentsuchaslifts,derricks(gantries)forconstruction,locationerectionrequirements,stability,safetydevices,etc.1．一般工程安全技術(shù)措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(4)安全網(wǎng)(平網(wǎng)、立網(wǎng))的架設(shè)要求，范圍(保護(hù)區(qū)域)、架設(shè)層次、段落。(4)Theerectionrequirementsofsafetynets(flatnets,verticalnets),thescope(protectionarea),erectionlevelsandparagraphs.(6)施工洞口及臨邊的防護(hù)方法和立體交叉施工作業(yè)區(qū)的隔離措施。(6)Constructionholesandthemethodofprotectionoftheadjacentedgeandtheisolationmeasuresofthethree-dimensionalcrossconstructionworkarea.(5)對(duì)施工用的電梯、井架(龍門架)等垂直運(yùn)輸設(shè)備，位置搭設(shè)要求，穩(wěn)定性、安全裝置等的要求和措施。(5)Therequirementsandmeasuresforverticaltransportequipmentsuchaslifts,derricks(gantries)forconstruction,locationerectionrequirements,stability,safetydevices,etc.1．一般工程安全技術(shù)措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(7)場(chǎng)內(nèi)運(yùn)輸?shù)缆芳叭诵型ǖ赖牟贾谩?7)Thearrangementoftransportroadsandpedestrianaccessinthesite.(8)編制施工臨時(shí)用電的組織設(shè)計(jì)和繪制臨時(shí)用電圖紙。在建工程(包括腳手架具)的外側(cè)邊緣與外電架空線路的間距設(shè)有達(dá)到最小安全距離采取的防護(hù)措施。(8)Preparationoftheorganisationaldesignoftemporaryelectricityforconstructionanddrawingoftemporaryelectricity.Thespacingbetweentheouteredgesoftheconstructioninprogress(includingscaffoldingequipment)andtheoverheadlinesofexternalelectricityisprovidedwithprotectivemeasurestoachievetheminimumsafetydistance..1．一般工程安全技術(shù)措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(7)場(chǎng)內(nèi)運(yùn)輸?shù)缆芳叭诵型ǖ赖牟贾谩?7)Thearrangementoftransportroadsandpedestrianaccessinthesite.(8)編制施工臨時(shí)用電的組織設(shè)計(jì)和繪制臨時(shí)用電圖紙。在建工程(包括腳手架具)的外側(cè)邊緣與外電架空線路的間距設(shè)有達(dá)到最小安全距離采取的防護(hù)措施。(8)Preparationoftheorganisationaldesignoftemporaryelectricityforconstructionanddrawingoftemporaryelectricity.Thespacingbetweentheouteredgesoftheconstructioninprogress(includingscaffoldingequipment)andtheoverheadlinesofexternalelectricityisprovidedwithprotectivemeasurestoachievetheminimumsafetydistance..1．一般工程安全技術(shù)措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(9)防火、防毒、防爆、防雷等安全措施。(9)Safetymeasuresforfire,gas,explosionandlightningprotection.(10)在建工程與周圍人行通道及民房的防護(hù)隔離設(shè)置。(10)Protectiveisolationofconstructioninprogressfromsurroundingpedestrianpassagesandresidentialbuildings..1．一般工程安全技術(shù)措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(9)防火、防毒、防爆、防雷等安全措施。(9)Safetymeasuresforfire,gas,explosionandlightningprotection.(10)在建工程與周圍人行通道及民房的防護(hù)隔離設(shè)置。(10)Protectiveisolationofconstructioninprogressfromsurroundingpedestrianpassagesandresidentialbuildings..1．一般工程安全技術(shù)措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures對(duì)于結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，危險(xiǎn)性大，特性較多的特殊工程，應(yīng)編制單項(xiàng)的安全措施。如，爆破、大型吊裝、沉箱、沉井、煙囪、水塔，各種特殊架設(shè)作業(yè)、高層腳手架、井架和拆除工程等，必須編制單項(xiàng)的安全技術(shù)措施。并要有設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)、有計(jì)算、有詳圖、有文字要求。Forthecomplexstructure,highrisk,specialprojectswithmorecharacteristics,asinglesafetymeasureshouldbeprepared.Forexample,blasting,largelifting,caissons,sinkholes,chimneys,watertowers,variousspecialerectionoperations,high-risescaffolding,derricksanddemolitionworks,etc.,mustbepreparedasasinglesafetytechnicalmeasures.Andtheremustbeadesignbasis,calculations,detaileddrawingsandtextualrequirements.2．特殊工程安全技術(shù)措施2、Safetytechnicalmeasuresforspecialworks季節(jié)性施工安全措施，就是考慮不同季節(jié)的氣候，對(duì)施工生產(chǎn)帶來的不安全因素，可能造成各種突發(fā)性事故，而從防護(hù)上、技術(shù)上、管理上采取的措施。一般建筑工程可在施工組織設(shè)計(jì)或施工方案的安全技術(shù)措施中，編制季節(jié)性施工安全措施；危險(xiǎn)性大、高溫期長(zhǎng)的建筑工程，應(yīng)單獨(dú)編制季節(jié)性的施工安全措施。季節(jié)性主要指夏季、雨季和冬季。各季節(jié)性施工安全的主要內(nèi)容是：Seasonalconstructionsafetymeasuresrefertomeasurestakenfromtheperspectivesofprotection,technology,andmanagement,takingintoaccounttheunsafefactorscausedbydifferentseasonalclimatesinconstructionproduction,whichmaycausevariousunexpectedaccidents.Ingeneralconstructionprojects,seasonalconstructionsafetymeasurescanbeformulatedinthesafetytechnicalmeasuresoftheconstructionorganizationdesignorconstructionplan;Forconstructionprojectswithhighriskandlonghigh-temperatureperiods,seasonalconstructionsafetymeasuresshouldbeseparatelyprepared.Seasonalitymainlyreferstosummer,rainyseason,andwinter.Themaincontentsofseasonalconstructionsafetyare:3．季節(jié)性施工安全措施3.Seasonalconstructionsafetymeasures1)采用多種形式，對(duì)職工進(jìn)行防暑降溫知識(shí)的宣傳教育，使職工知道中暑癥狀，學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)中暑病人采取應(yīng)急措施。1)Usevariousformstoeducateworkersaboutheatstrokepreventionandcooling,sothattheyknowthesymptomsofheatstrokeandlearntotakeemergencymeasuresforheatstrokepatients.3)對(duì)在容器內(nèi)和高溫條件下的作業(yè)場(chǎng)所，要采取措施，搞好通風(fēng)和降溫。3)Forworkplacesincontainersandunderhightemperatureconditions,measuresshouldbetakentoimproveventilationandcooling.2)合理調(diào)整作息時(shí)間，避開中午高溫時(shí)間工作，嚴(yán)格控制工人加班加點(diǎn)，高處作業(yè)工人的工作時(shí)間要適當(dāng)縮短。保證工人有充足的休息和睡眠時(shí)間。2)Reasonablyadjustworkingandrestinghours,avoidworkingduringhightemperaturehoursatnoon,strictlycontrolworkersworkingovertimeandshortentheworkinghoursofworkersworkingathighplacesappropriately.Ensurethatworkershavesufficientrestandsleeptime.(1)夏季施工安全措施。(1)Summerconstructionsafetymeasures.夏季氣候炎熱，高溫時(shí)間持續(xù)較長(zhǎng)，主要是做好防暑降溫工作。Thesummerclimateishotandthehightemperaturelastsforalongtime,sothemainthingistodoagoodjobinpreventingheatstroke.1)采用多種形式，對(duì)職工進(jìn)行防暑降溫知識(shí)的宣傳教育，使職工知道中暑癥狀，學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)中暑病人采取應(yīng)急措施。1)Usevariousformstoeducateworkersaboutheatstrokepreventionandcooling,sothattheyknowthesymptomsofheatstrokeandlearntotakeemergencymeasuresforheatstrokepatients.3)對(duì)在容器內(nèi)和高溫條件下的作業(yè)場(chǎng)所，要采取措施，搞好通風(fēng)和降溫。3)Forworkplacesincontainersandunderhightemperatureconditions,measuresshouldbetakentoimproveventilationandcooling.2)合理調(diào)整作息時(shí)間，避開中午高溫時(shí)間工作，嚴(yán)格控制工人加班加點(diǎn)，高處作業(yè)工人的工作時(shí)間要適當(dāng)縮短。保證工人有充足的休息和睡眠時(shí)間。2)Reasonablyadjustworkingandrestinghours,avoidworkingduringhightemperaturehoursatnoon,strictlycontrolworkersworkingovertimeandshortentheworkinghoursofworkersworkingathighplacesappropriately.Ensurethatworkershavesufficientrestandsleeptime.(1)夏季施工安全措施。(1)Summerconstructionsafetymeasures.夏季氣候炎熱，高溫時(shí)間持續(xù)較長(zhǎng)，主要是做好防暑降溫工作。Thesummerclimateishotandthehightemperaturelastsforalongtime,sothemainthingistodoagoodjobinpreventingheatstroke.1)采用多種形式，對(duì)職工進(jìn)行防暑降溫知識(shí)的宣傳教育，使職工知道中暑癥狀，學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)中暑病人采取應(yīng)急措施。1)Usevariousformstoeducateworkersaboutheatstrokepreventionandcooling,sothattheyknowthesymptomsofheatstrokeandlearntotakeemergencymeasuresforheatstrokepatients.3)對(duì)在容器內(nèi)和高溫條件下的作業(yè)場(chǎng)所，要采取措施，搞好通風(fēng)和降溫。3)Forworkplacesincontainersandunderhightemperatureconditions,measuresshouldbetakentoimproveventilationandcooling.2)合理調(diào)整作息時(shí)間，避開中午高溫時(shí)間工作，嚴(yán)格控制工人加班加點(diǎn)，高處作業(yè)工人的工作時(shí)間要適當(dāng)縮短。保證工人有充足的休息和睡眠時(shí)間。2)Reasonablyadjustworkingandrestinghours,avoidworkingduringhightemperaturehoursatnoon,strictlycontrolworkersworkingovertimeandshortentheworkinghoursofworkersworkingathighplacesappropriately.Ensurethatworkershavesufficientrestandsleeptime.(1)夏季施工安全措施。(1)Summerconstructionsafetymeasures.夏季氣候炎熱，高溫時(shí)間持續(xù)較長(zhǎng)，主要是做好防暑降溫工作。Thesummerclimateishotandthehightemperaturelastsforalongtime,sothemainthingistodoagoodjobinpreventingheatstroke.4)對(duì)露天作業(yè)集中和固定場(chǎng)所，應(yīng)搭設(shè)歇涼棚，防止熱輻射，并要經(jīng)常灑水降溫4)Forconcentratedandfixedplacesofopen-airwork,restingsheltersshouldbeerectedtopreventheatradiationandwatershouldbesprinkledfrequentlytocooldownthetemperature6)要及時(shí)供應(yīng)合乎衛(wèi)生要求的茶水、清涼含鹽飲料、綠豆湯等。6)Tea,coolsalt-containingdrinksandgreenbeansoupshouldbesuppliedinatimelymannertomeethygienerequirements.5)對(duì)高溫、高處作業(yè)的工人，需經(jīng)常進(jìn)行健康檢查。發(fā)現(xiàn)有作業(yè)禁忌癥者，應(yīng)及時(shí)調(diào)離高溫和高處作業(yè)崗位。5)Forworkersworkingathightemperaturesandheights,healthchecksshouldbecarriedoutregularly.Thosefoundtohavecontraindicationstoworkshouldbepromptlytransferredfromhightemperatureandhighworkpositions.(1)夏季施工安全措施。(1)Summerconstructionsafetymeasures.夏季氣候炎熱，高溫時(shí)間持續(xù)較長(zhǎng)，主要是做好防暑降溫工作。Thesummerclimateishotandthehightemperaturelastsforalongtime,sothemainthingistodoagoodjobinpreventingheatstroke.4)對(duì)露天作業(yè)集中和固定場(chǎng)所，應(yīng)搭設(shè)歇涼棚，防止熱輻射，并要經(jīng)常灑水降溫4)Forconcentratedandfixedplacesofopen-airwork,restingsheltersshouldbeerectedtopreventheatradiationandwatershouldbesprinkledfrequentlytocooldownthetemperature6)要及時(shí)供應(yīng)合乎衛(wèi)生要求的茶水、清涼含鹽飲料、綠豆湯等。6)Tea,coolsalt-containingdrinksandgreenbeansoupshouldbesuppliedinatimelymannertomeethygienerequirements.5)對(duì)高溫、高處作業(yè)的工人，需經(jīng)常進(jìn)行健康檢查。發(fā)現(xiàn)有作業(yè)禁忌癥者，應(yīng)及時(shí)調(diào)離高溫和高處作業(yè)崗位。5)Forworkersworkingathightemperaturesandheights,healthchecksshouldbecarriedoutregularly.Thosefoundtohavecontraindicationstoworkshouldbepromptlytransferredfromhightemperatureandhighworkpositions.(1)夏季施工安全措施。(1)Summerconstructionsafetymeasures.夏季氣候炎熱，高溫時(shí)間持續(xù)較長(zhǎng)，主要是做好防暑降溫工作。Thesummerclimateishotandthehightemperaturelastsforalongtime,sothemainthingistodoagoodjobinpreventingheatstroke.4)對(duì)露天作業(yè)集中和固定場(chǎng)所，應(yīng)搭設(shè)歇涼棚，防止熱輻射，并要經(jīng)常灑水降溫4)Forconcentratedandfixedplacesofopen-airwork,restingsheltersshouldbeerectedtopreventheatradiationandwatershouldbesprinkledfrequentlytocooldownthetemperature6)要及時(shí)供應(yīng)合乎衛(wèi)生要求的茶水、清涼含鹽飲料、綠豆湯等。6)Tea,coolsalt-containingdrinksandgreenbeansoupshouldbesuppliedinatimelymannertomeethygienerequirements.5)對(duì)高溫、高處作業(yè)的工人，需經(jīng)常進(jìn)行健康檢查。發(fā)現(xiàn)有作業(yè)禁忌癥者，應(yīng)及時(shí)調(diào)離高溫和高處作業(yè)崗位。5)Forworkersworkingathightemperaturesandheights,healthchecksshouldbecarriedoutregularly.Thosefoundtohavecontraindicationstoworkshouldbepromptlytransferredfromhightemperatureandhighworkpositions.(1)夏季施工安全措施。(1)Summerconstructionsafetymeasures.夏季氣候炎熱，高溫時(shí)間持續(xù)較長(zhǎng)，主要是做好防暑降溫工作。Thesummerclimateishotandthehightemperaturelastsforalongtime,sothemainthingistodoagoodjobinpreventingheatstroke.7)要經(jīng)常組織醫(yī)護(hù)人員深入工地進(jìn)行巡回醫(yī)療和預(yù)防工作。重視年老體弱、患過中暑者和血壓較高的工人身體情況的變化。7)Medicalstaffshouldbeorganisedtogodeepintothesiteformedicalandpreventivework.Payattentiontochangesinthephysicalconditionofoldandweakworkers,thosewhohavesufferedfromheatstrokeandthosewithhighbloodpressure.8)及時(shí)給職工發(fā)放防暑降溫的急救藥品和勞動(dòng)保護(hù)用品。8)Issueworkerswithfirst-aiddrugsandlabourprotectionproductstopreventheatstrokeinatimelymanner.(2)雨季施工安全措施。(2)Safetymeasuresforconstructionduringtherainyseason.雨季進(jìn)行作業(yè)，主要做好防觸電、防雷、防坍塌和防臺(tái)風(fēng)的工作。Duringtherainyseason,themainworktobedoneistopreventelectricshock,lightning,collapseandtyphoon.1)防觸電。電源線不得使用裸導(dǎo)線和塑料線，不得沿地面敷設(shè)。配電箱必須防雨、防水，電器布置符合規(guī)定，電器元件不應(yīng)破損，嚴(yán)禁帶電明露。機(jī)電設(shè)備的金屬外殼，必須采取可靠的接地或接零保護(hù)。手持電動(dòng)工具和機(jī)械設(shè)備使用時(shí)，必須安裝合格的漏電保護(hù)器。工地臨時(shí)照明燈、標(biāo)志燈，其電壓不超過36V。特別潮濕場(chǎng)所、金屬管道和容器內(nèi)的照明燈，電壓不超過12V。電氣作業(yè)人員，應(yīng)穿絕緣鞋、戴絕緣手套。1)Protectionagainstelectricshock.Powerlinesmustnotusebarewiresandplasticlines,andmustnotbelaidalongtheground.Distributionboxesmustberainproof,waterproof,electricallayoutinlinewiththeprovisions,electricalcomponentsshouldnotbebroken,strictlyforbiddentobeexposedwithelectricity.Themetalcasingofelectricalandmechanicalequipmentmustbeprotectedbyreliablegroundingorzeroing.Hand-heldpowertoolsandmechanicalequipmentmustbeinstalledwithqualifiedleakageprotectors.Thevoltageoftemporarylightingandmarkerlightsonsiteshallnotexceed36V.Thevoltageoflightinginparticularlyhumidplaces,metalpipesandcontainersshallnotexceed12V.Electricalworkersshallwearinsulatedshoesandgloves.(2)雨季施工安全措施。(2)Safetymeasuresforconstructionduringtherainyseason.(2)雨季施工安全措施。(2)Safetymeasuresforconstructionduringtherainyseason.2)防雷擊。高出建筑物的塔吊、井字架、龍門架、腳架等應(yīng)安裝避雷裝置。2)Protectionagainstlightningstrikes.Lightningprotectiondevicesshouldbeinstalledontowercranes,shafts,gantriesandstandshighabovebuildings.3)防坍塌。搞好腳手架、井字架、龍門架的排水工作，防止沉陷傾斜?？?、槽、溝兩邊要放足邊坡，危險(xiǎn)部位要另外加支撐，搞好排水工作，一經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)緊急情況，應(yīng)馬上停止土方施工。3)Collapseprevention.Drainageofscaffolding,derricksandgantriesshouldbedoneproperlytopreventsinkingandtilting.Thesidesofpits,troughsandtrenchesshouldbeputonadequatesideslopes,anddangerouspartsshouldbeadditionallysupportedtoimprovedrainagework.Onceanemergencyisfound,earthworksshouldbestoppedimmediately.4)防臺(tái)風(fēng)。沿海地區(qū)還應(yīng)防止汛期臺(tái)風(fēng)的侵襲，在此期間，風(fēng)力增大，水位升高，施工單位要及時(shí)收聽氣象臺(tái)天氣預(yù)報(bào)?，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)各類機(jī)械設(shè)備、電氣裝置、庫(kù)房等，應(yīng)注意防止進(jìn)水受潮；大型施工機(jī)械在風(fēng)力達(dá)到六級(jí)時(shí)，要采取各種措施(如放下臂桿、固定行走裝置等)，避免發(fā)生各類事故。4)Typhoonprevention.Coastalareasshouldalsopreventthefloodtyphoon,duringthisperiod,thewindincreases,thewaterlevelrises,theconstructionunitshouldlistentotheweatherforecastontheweatherstationintime.Siteallkindsofmachineryandequipment,electricaldevices,storage,etc.,shouldpayattentiontopreventwatermoisture;largeconstructionmachineryinthewinduptolevelsix,totakeavarietyofmeasures(suchasputdowntheboom,fixedwalkingdevice,etc.)toavoidallkindsofaccidents.1)凡參加冬季施工作業(yè)的工人，都應(yīng)進(jìn)行冬季施工安全教育，并進(jìn)行安全交底。1)Allworkerswhoparticipateinwinterconstructionoperationsshouldbeeducatedonwinterconstructionsafetyandgivensafetybriefings.3)安裝的取暖爐，必須符合要求，驗(yàn)收合格后才能使用。3)Theheatingstoveinstalledmustmeettherequirementsandbeacceptedbeforeitcanbeused.2)燒蒸汽鍋爐人員必須要經(jīng)過專門培訓(xùn)，取得司爐證后才能獨(dú)立作業(yè)。燒熱水鍋爐的也要經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)，合格后才能上崗。2)Steamboilerburnersmustundergospecialtrainingandobtainastoker'scertificatebeforeoperatingindependently.Hotwaterboilersshouldalsobetrainedandqualifiedbeforetheycanbeputtowork.(3)冬季施工安全措施。(3)Winterconstructionsafetymeasures.冬季進(jìn)行作業(yè)，主要應(yīng)做好防風(fēng)、防火、防滑、防煤氣中毒、防亞硝酸鈉中毒的工作。Winteroperationsshouldbecarriedoutmainlytopreventwind,fire,slip,gaspoisoningandsodiumnitritepoisoning.1)凡參加冬季施工作業(yè)的工人，都應(yīng)進(jìn)行冬季施工安全教育，并進(jìn)行安全交底。1)Allworkerswhoparticipateinwinterconstructionoperationsshouldbeeducatedonwinterconstructionsafetyandgivensafetybriefings.3)安裝的取暖爐，必須符合要求，驗(yàn)收合格后才能使用。3)Theheatingstoveinstalledmustmeettherequirementsandbeacceptedbeforeitcanbeused.2)燒蒸汽鍋爐人員必須要經(jīng)過專門培訓(xùn)，取得司爐證后才能獨(dú)立作業(yè)。燒熱水鍋爐的也要經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)，合格后才能上崗。2)Steamboilerburnersmustundergospecialtrainingandobtainastoker'scertificatebeforeoperatingindependently.Hotwaterboilersshouldalsobetrainedandqualifiedbeforetheycanbeputtowork.(3)冬季施工安全措施。(3)Winterconstructionsafetymeasures.冬季進(jìn)行作業(yè)，主要應(yīng)做好防風(fēng)、防火、防滑、防煤氣中毒、防亞硝酸鈉中毒的工作。Winteroperationsshouldbecarriedoutmainlytopreventwind,fire,slip,gaspoisoningandsodiumnitritepoisoning.1)凡參加冬季施工作業(yè)的工人，都應(yīng)進(jìn)行冬季施工安全教育，并進(jìn)行安全交底。1)Allworkerswhoparticipateinwinterconstructionoperationsshouldbeeducatedonwinterconstructionsafetyandgivensafetybriefings.3)安裝的取暖爐，必須符合要求，驗(yàn)收合格后才能使用。3)Theheatingstoveinstalledmustmeettherequirementsandbeacceptedbeforeitcanbeused.2)燒蒸汽鍋爐人員必須要經(jīng)過專門培訓(xùn)，取得司爐證后才能獨(dú)立作業(yè)。燒熱水鍋爐的也要經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)，合格后才能上崗。2)Steamboilerburnersmustundergospecialtrainingandobtainastoker'scertificatebeforeoperatingindependently.Hotwaterboilersshouldalsobetrainedandqualifiedbeforetheycanbeputtowork.(3)冬季施工安全措施。(3)Winterconstructionsafetymeasures.冬季進(jìn)行作業(yè)，主要應(yīng)做好防風(fēng)、防火、防滑、防煤氣中毒、防亞硝酸鈉中毒的工作。Winteroperationsshouldbecarriedoutmainlytopreventwind,fire,slip,gaspoisoningandsodiumnitritepoisoning.4)六級(jí)以上大風(fēng)或大雪，應(yīng)停止高處作業(yè)和吊裝作業(yè)。4)Highwindsoflevelsixoraboveorheavysnowfallshouldstopworkatheightandliftingoperations.6)用熱電法施工，要加強(qiáng)檢查和維修，防止觸電和火災(zāi)。6)Constructionwiththermoelectricmethod,tostrengthentheinspectionandmaintenance,topreventelectricshockandfire.5)搞好防滑措施。通道防滑條損壞的要及時(shí)修補(bǔ)，對(duì)斜道、通行道、爬梯等作業(yè)面上的霜凍、冰塊、積雪要及時(shí)清除。5)Improveanti-slipmeasures.Channelanti-slipstripsdamagedshouldberepairedinatimelymanner,andfrost,iceandsnowontheworkingsurfacesoframps,accessroadsandclimbingladdersshouldberemovedinatimelymanner.(3)冬季施工安全措施。(3)Winterconstructionsafetymeasures.冬季進(jìn)行作業(yè)，主要應(yīng)做好防風(fēng)、防火、防滑、防煤氣中毒、防亞硝酸鈉中毒的工作。Winteroperationsshouldbecarriedoutmainlytopreventwind,fire,slip,gaspoisoningandsodiumnitritepoisoning.4)六級(jí)以上大風(fēng)或大雪，應(yīng)停止高處作業(yè)和吊裝作業(yè)。4)Highwindsoflevelsixoraboveorheavysnowfallshouldstopworkatheightandliftingoperations.6)用熱電法施工，要加強(qiáng)檢查和維修，防止觸電和火災(zāi)。6)Constructionwiththermoelectricmethod,tostrengthentheinspectionandmaintenance,topreventelectricshockandfire.5)搞好防滑措施。通道防滑條損壞的要及時(shí)修補(bǔ)，對(duì)斜道、通行道、爬梯等作業(yè)面上的霜凍、冰塊、積雪要及時(shí)清除。5)Improveanti-slipmeasures.Channelanti-slipstripsdamagedshouldberepairedinatimelymanner,andfrost,iceandsnowontheworkingsurfacesoframps,accessroadsandclimbingladdersshouldberemovedinatimelymanner.(3)冬季施工安全措施。(3)Winterconstructionsafetymeasures.冬季進(jìn)行作業(yè)，主要應(yīng)做好防風(fēng)、防火、防滑、防煤氣中毒、防亞硝酸鈉中毒的工作。Winteroperationsshouldbecarriedoutmainlytopreventwind,fire,slip,gaspoisoningandsodiumnitritepoisoning.4)六級(jí)以上大風(fēng)或大雪，應(yīng)停止高處作業(yè)和吊裝作業(yè)。4)Highwindsoflevelsixoraboveorheavysnowfallshouldstopworkatheightandliftingoperations.6)用熱電法施工，要加強(qiáng)檢查和維修，防止觸電和火災(zāi)。6)Constructionwiththermoelectricmethod,tostrengthentheinspectionandmaintenance,topreventelectricshockandfire.5)搞好防滑措施。通道防滑條損壞的要及時(shí)修補(bǔ)，對(duì)斜道、通行道、爬梯等作業(yè)面上的霜凍、冰塊、積雪要及時(shí)清除。5)Improveanti-slipmeasures.Channelanti-slipstripsdamagedshouldberepairedinatimelymanner,andfrost,iceandsnowontheworkingsurfacesoframps,accessroadsandclimbingladdersshouldberemovedinatimelymanner.(3)冬季施工安全措施。(3)Winterconstructionsafetymeasures.冬季進(jìn)行作業(yè)，主要應(yīng)做好防風(fēng)、防火、防滑、防煤氣中毒、防亞硝酸鈉中毒的工作。Winteroperationsshouldbecarriedoutmainlytopreventwind,fire,slip,gaspoisoningandsodiumnitritepoisoning.7)對(duì)亞硝酸鈉要加強(qiáng)管理，嚴(yán)格發(fā)放制度，要按定量改革小包裝，并加上水泥、細(xì)砂、粉煤灰等，將其改變顏色，以防止誤食中毒。7)Tostrengthenthemanagementofsodiumnitrite,strictdistributionsystem,toreformthesmallpackageaccordingtotheration,andaddcement,finesand,flyash,etc.,willchangeitscolourtopreventaccidentalpoisoning.9)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)腳手架、安全網(wǎng)，暫設(shè)