unit6 課文信息管理專業(yè)英語(yǔ)-司愛(ài)俠版

Unit6InformationEconomyText根據(jù)課后問(wèn)題，泛讀文章10分鐘注意：標(biāo)注段落目的：理清文章脈絡(luò)

泛讀方法：1、標(biāo)題，首段，末段，以及每段段首段尾語(yǔ)句。2、根據(jù)課后問(wèn)題，定位查找答案。這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容：

三個(gè)標(biāo)題？什么是信息經(jīng)濟(jì)？信息經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要特征？feature特征信息經(jīng)濟(jì)與其他的幾種經(jīng)濟(jì)是否不同？什么是信息經(jīng)濟(jì)課后問(wèn)題，前兩個(gè)問(wèn)題什么是信息經(jīng)濟(jì)，以及信息經(jīng)濟(jì)的還可以描述為什么？定位？就是第一段。Notes[1][1]Aninformationeconomyiswheretheproductivityandcompetitivenessofunitsoragentsintheeconomy(betheyfirms,regionsornations)dependmainlyontheircapacitytogenerate,process,andapplyefficientlyknowledge-basedinformation.表語(yǔ)從句，不看括號(hào)內(nèi)容，直譯，主謂賓Notes[1]本句中，Aninformationeconomy作主語(yǔ)，wheretheproductivityandcompetitivenessofunitsoragentsintheeconomy(betheyfirms,regionsornations)dependmainlyontheircapacitytogenerate,process,andapplyefficientlyknowledge-basedinformation作表語(yǔ)。Notes[1]wheretheproductivityandcompetitivenessofunitsoragentsintheeconomydependmainly

ontheircapacitytogenerate,process,andapplyefficientlyknowledge-based

information.//單位或代理商的生產(chǎn)力和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力//主要依靠//他們自生產(chǎn)、處理、應(yīng)用基于知識(shí)的信息的能力Notes[1](betheyfirms,regionsornations)是一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，為省略倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“無(wú)論是公司、地區(qū)或國(guó)家”，完整形式為：whicheverfirms,regionsornationstheywouldbe全句內(nèi)容：信息經(jīng)濟(jì)就是在這種經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中的單位或代理商（無(wú)論他們是公司、區(qū)域還是、國(guó)家）的生產(chǎn)力和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力主要依靠（取決于）他們自身生產(chǎn)、處理、應(yīng)用基于知識(shí)的信息的能力。Notes[2]Itisalsodescribedasaneconomywhereinformationisboththecurrencyandtheproduct.信息經(jīng)濟(jì)也被描述為，在這樣的經(jīng)濟(jì)中，信息既是貨幣也是產(chǎn)品。比較典型的信息作為產(chǎn)品的行業(yè)是什么，信息咨詢業(yè)，比如，四大、安邦咨詢公司，什么機(jī)構(gòu)？電子商務(wù)和信息管理這樣的專業(yè)，順應(yīng)這一種經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展而產(chǎn)生的。Notes[3][3]第一節(jié)第2段繼續(xù)闡述什么是信息經(jīng)濟(jì)。Whilewehavealwaysreliedoninformationexchangetodoourjobsandrunourlives,theinformationeconomyisdifferentinthatitcancollectmorerelevantinformationattheappropriatetime.

本句中，While引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“盡管”。relyon等于dependon，inthat的意思是“由于,因?yàn)椤?。?qǐng)看下例：

Weshouldrelyonourownefforts.

我們應(yīng)該依靠自己的努力。

Helikestoliveinthecountryinthatthesceneryisverybeautiful.

他喜歡住在鄉(xiāng)下是因?yàn)槟抢锏木吧浅Ｃ?。Notes[4]While

wehavealwaysreliedoninformation

exchange

todoourjobsandrunourlives,theinformationeconomyisdifferentinthatitcancollectmorerelevantinformationattheappropriatetime.雖然我們總是依靠信息交流來(lái)工作和生活，但是信息經(jīng)濟(jì)是不同的，因?yàn)樗軌蜻m時(shí)的收集更多的相關(guān)信息。這句話強(qiáng)調(diào)，信息經(jīng)濟(jì)中更多的包含了信息收集的這樣的產(chǎn)業(yè)，具有這樣功能的經(jīng)濟(jì)體的存在Notes[5]下一句話：

Consequently,productionintheinforma-tioneconomycanbefinetunedinwaysheretoforeundreamedof.

consequently（因此），信息經(jīng)濟(jì)的產(chǎn)品可以用以前沒(méi)有想象過(guò)的方式獲取。這句話強(qiáng)調(diào)什么？暗示了信息經(jīng)濟(jì)收集信息的方式是具有創(chuàng)新性的，新穎的方法。Notes[6]下一句緊接著做進(jìn)一步闡釋，Whatmakesinformationplentifulinthiseconomyisthepervasiveuseofinformationandcommunica-tionstechnology.在這種經(jīng)濟(jì)中，大量信息的產(chǎn)生在于信息和通信技術(shù)的普遍使用。和上一句相呼應(yīng)：解釋這種以前（傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)）沒(méi)有的新穎方式方法是什么，是信息通信技術(shù)。第一段總結(jié)這一段落：1)適時(shí)收集信息資源的產(chǎn)業(yè)功能；2)獲取信息的方式：信息技術(shù)；所以，信息經(jīng)濟(jì)的定義：信息經(jīng)濟(jì)就是以信息資源為基礎(chǔ),信息技術(shù)為手段,通過(guò)生產(chǎn)知識(shí)密集型的信息產(chǎn)品和信息服務(wù)來(lái)把握經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng),社會(huì)產(chǎn)出和勞動(dòng)就業(yè)的一種最新的經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)。它被認(rèn)為是繼農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)和工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)之后最現(xiàn)代化的經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài)。第二節(jié)Whatarethemainfeaturesoftheinformationeconomy?通過(guò)泛讀每一段落的第1句，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這一節(jié)中，在其第1段、第4段、第7段首句Whatarethemainfeaturesoftheinformationeconomy?Theinformationeconomyis

global.

Asecondcharacteristicoftheinformationeconomyisthatitishighlyproductive.

Athirdcharacteristicoftheinformationeconomyisthechangeinthemannerofobtainingprofits.特征一Theinformationeconomyisglobal.Ahistoricallynewreality,theglobaleconomyhasthecapacitytoworkasaunitinrealtimeonaplanetaryscale.[22]

Corporationsandfirmsnowhaveaworldwidebaseforskilledlabortotap.Capitalflowsfreelybetweencountries,andcountriescanutilizethiscapitalinrealtime.However,somecriticsclaimthatatrueglobaleconomyhasyettobeachieved.StephenCohenobservesthatthemobilityoflaborisunderminedbypeople’sxenophobiaandstricterimmigrationlaws.Multinationalcorporationsstillmaintaintheirassetsandstrategiccommandcentersintheirhomenations,andcapitalisstilllimitedbybankingandfinancelaws.Castells,however,arguesthatevenifglobalizationhasnotyetbeenfullyrealized,itwillonlybeamatteroftimebeforethishappens.Globalizationwillbeaffectedbygovernmentregulationsandpolicies,whichwillaffectinternationalboundariesandthestructureoftheglobaleconomy.

特征一notes[1]Theinformationeconomyisglobal.

Ahistoricallynewreality,theglobaleconomyhasthecapacitytoworkasaunitinrealtimeonaplanetaryscale.全球經(jīng)濟(jì)可以（有能力）作為整體在全球范圍內(nèi)同時(shí)運(yùn)行Corporationsandfirmsnowhaveaworldwidebasefor

skilledlabortotap.Capitalflowsfreelybetweencountries,andcountriescanutilizethiscapitalinrealtime.公司和事務(wù)所可以在全球范圍內(nèi)使用熟練地勞動(dòng)力。資金流在國(guó)家之間自由流轉(zhuǎn)，國(guó)家可以實(shí)時(shí)利用這些資金。特征一第1段：1）信息經(jīng)濟(jì)是全球化的。這段后面直接解釋具有信息經(jīng)濟(jì)參與的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的特征。2）對(duì)于勞動(dòng)力：資料實(shí)時(shí)傳輸；實(shí)時(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)溝通，視頻會(huì)議；這樣對(duì)人力所在的地點(diǎn)的要求降低。對(duì)于資金：資金在信息系統(tǒng)里就可以查詢、交易以及監(jiān)管。第2段與第3段關(guān)系：正反方Notes[2]反方However,somecriticsclaimthatatrueglobaleconomyhasyettobeachieved.第二段howerver轉(zhuǎn)折詞，然而，一些評(píng)論家聲稱：真正的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)還沒(méi)有到來(lái)。Hasyettodo=hasyetnotdonesth還沒(méi)有。StephenCohenobservesthatthemobilityoflaborisunderminedbypeople’sxenophobiaandstricterimmigrationlaws.xenophobia[zen?‘f?ubi?]懼外史蒂芬.科恩評(píng)價(jià)說(shuō)，勞動(dòng)力靈活性。損壞。。其實(shí)質(zhì)原因：排外和移民法。Multinationalcorporationsstillmaintaintheirassetsandstrategiccommandcentersintheirhomenations,andcapitalisstilllimitedbybankingandfinancelaws.Notes[3]正方觀點(diǎn)Castells,however,arguesthatevenifglobalizationhasnotyetbeenfullyrealized,itwillonlybeamatteroftimebeforethishappens.即使全球化沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)，但這只是一個(gè)時(shí)間問(wèn)題。下一句：全球化所受的影響：政府法規(guī)和政策的影響。Globalizationwillbeaffectedbygovernmentregulationsandpolicies,whichwillaffectinternationalboundariesandthestructureoftheglobaleconomy.

Notes[7]Globalizationwillbeaffectedbygovernmentregulationsandpolicies,whichwillaffectinternationalboundariesandthestructureof

theglobaleconomy.

本句中，whichwillaffectinternationalboundariesandthestructureoftheglobaleconomy是一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，which指Globalization，對(duì)其作進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。特征二第四段：Asecondcharacteristicoftheinformationeconomyisthatitishighlyproductive.信息經(jīng)濟(jì)的第二個(gè)特點(diǎn)是高生產(chǎn)力的。WilliamNordhausoftheUSNationalBureauofEconomicResearchstatesthat:威廉姆，諾德漢斯（美國(guó)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)辦公研究室）說(shuō)：第五段：正方Productivitygrowthintheneweconomysectorshasmadeasignificantcontributiontoeconomy-wideproductivitygrowth.

..在新經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的生產(chǎn)力增長(zhǎng)對(duì)于整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)范圍的生產(chǎn)力增長(zhǎng)都有明顯的貢獻(xiàn)。Inthebusinesssector(between1999and2001),labor-productivitygrowthexcludingtheneweconomysectorswas2.24percentperyearascomparedto3.19percentperyearincludingtheneweconomy.Ofthe1.82percentagepointincreaseinlabor-productivitygrowthinthelastthreeyearsrelativetotheearlierperiod,0.65percentagepointwasduetotheneweconomysectors….

在商業(yè)領(lǐng)域，新經(jīng)濟(jì)以外的勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)力增長(zhǎng)(復(fù)合詞Labor-productivitygrowth)：2.24包括新經(jīng)濟(jì)的勞動(dòng)增長(zhǎng)率：3.19；過(guò)去三年的勞動(dòng)增長(zhǎng)率1.82%，新經(jīng)濟(jì)的貢獻(xiàn)0.65%Thecontributionoftheneweconomywasslightlylargerforwell-measuredoutputbecausethatsectorissmallerthanthebusinesseconomy最后一句：對(duì)于能完全估量出的產(chǎn)值中，新經(jīng)濟(jì)明顯貢獻(xiàn)稍大，因?yàn)樾陆?jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模小于商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)。正方說(shuō)完。第六段：反方反方意見(jiàn)：一些評(píng)論家，認(rèn)為在ICT中，利潤(rùn)率和投資沒(méi)有關(guān)系。反方解釋

Castellslooksintothehistoryofproductivitygrowthinadvancedmarketeconomiesandobservesadownwardtrendofproductivitygrowthstartingroughlyaroundthetimethattheinformationtechnologyrevolutionwastakingshapeintheearly1970s.

橘黃色是一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)，修飾和限定adownwardtrendofproductivitygrowth。在該短語(yǔ)中，thattheinformationtechnologyrevolutionwastakingshapeintheearly1970s是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾和限定thetime。（調(diào)查）先進(jìn)市場(chǎng)的生產(chǎn)力增長(zhǎng)歷史，發(fā)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)力向下行趨勢(shì)，下行趨勢(shì)大概開(kāi)始于信息技術(shù)形成于的20世紀(jì)70年代早期。Accordingtohim,thisdeclinewasparticularlymarkedinallcountriesforservicedactivities,wherenewinformation-processingdevicescouldbethoughttohaveincreased

productivity.據(jù)他認(rèn)為，在所有提供服務(wù)活動(dòng)的國(guó)家中，這種趨勢(shì)尤為明顯。where從句意思？本來(lái)新的信息處理設(shè)備被認(rèn)為提高生產(chǎn)力。插入語(yǔ)。Could()have本來(lái)。。。虛擬語(yǔ)氣。（本來(lái)認(rèn)為新的信息處理設(shè)備應(yīng)該提高生產(chǎn)力，結(jié)果生產(chǎn)力卻下降了）。However,manufacturingproductivitypresentsadifferentpicture.

ManufacturingproductivityintheUSandJapanincreaseddramaticallyin1988-1989byanannualaverageof3%and4.1%respectively,andproductivityincreasedatafasterpacethanduringthe1990s.

然而，在制造業(yè)里，呈現(xiàn)了不一樣的場(chǎng)景。美國(guó)日本都分別提高了。。Castellsconcludesthateconomicstatisticsd