考研考博-英語-天津生物工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津生物工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

Winnershavedifferentpotentials.Achievementisnotthemostimportantthing.Authenticityis.Theauthenticpersonexperiencestherealityofhimselfbyknowinghimself,beinghimself,andbecominghimself.Heactualizedhisownunprecedenteduniqueness,andappreciatestheuniquenessofothers.

Awinnerisnotafraidtodohisownthinkingandtousehisownknowledge.Hecanseparatefactsfromopinionanddoesn’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Helistenstoothers,evaluateswhattheysay,butcomestohisownconclusions.Whilehecanadmireandrespectotherpeople,heisnottotallydefined,demolished,boundorawedbythem.

【答案】

成功者的潛質(zhì)各不相同，成就并不是最重要的，活得真實才是。一個真實的人通過了解自我，堅持自我，使自己成為值得信賴、樂于回應(yīng)的人來體驗真實的自我。它實現(xiàn)前所未有的獨特的自我，同時也尊重他人的獨特之處。

成功者不懼怕獨立思考，也不懼怕獨立運用知識，他能夠區(qū)分哪些是事實，哪些是觀點，同時并不宣稱洞察一切。他傾聽他人的意見，琢磨他人的話語，但是自行做出結(jié)論，他可以欽羨、尊重別人，可是他絕不為他人所局限，所束縛，不會對他們敬若神靈。

2.單選題

Thiscompanyhasnowintroducedapolicy（）payrisesarerelatedtoperformancesatwork.

問題1選項

A.which

B.where

C.whether

D.what

【答案】B

【解析】考查引導(dǎo)詞辨析。從語義上分析，后半句應(yīng)是修飾policy的一個定語從句。which不可以用來引導(dǎo)該定語從句，因為which總要在從句中充當一定的成分。whether與what不引導(dǎo)定語從句。where相當于inwhich。當然，與where相比，在從句中我們更常用whereby來充當關(guān)系代詞。句意：這家公司現(xiàn)在實行一項新工資政策，加薪與績效掛鉤。因此B選項正確。

3.單選題

TBAIndustrialProductsproducesasbestos(石棉)textilesforbrakelinings.Thecompanyisjustinstitutingaprogrammetoreducetheasbestosintheairattheplanttoamaximum0.5fiberspermilliliterofair—thecontrollimitimposedbytheHealthandSafetyExecutiveirresponsible.Withconstantexposuretothatlevel,accordingtoareportbyanOntarioRoyalCommission,betweenoneandfouroutof100peopleworkingfor25yearscouldexpecttodieofaasbestos-relatedcancer.YetDavidGee,healthandsafetyofficeroftheGeneral,MunicipalandBoiler-makersUnion,acceptsthatthecompanyshouldgonolower.Why?

Problemnumberoneisassessingtheriskandthedifferencethatproposedsafetymeasureswouldmaketoit.Therearethreebasiccategories,towhichtheHSE’spolicy-makerswork—inthejargon,corpses,cancersandcatastrophes.

“Corpses”arethevictimsofone-offaccidents.Awealthofevidenceonsuchaccidentsexists,andtheeffectsofmeasurestocombatthemareeasilycalculated.

“Cancers”,thekillerdiseasesthatcanarisefromworkinglongperiodsinunsafeenvironments,arehardertoassess.Thediseasesmaynotappearuntilyearsaftertheprocesswasfirstinitiated,andtherelationshipbetweencauseandeffectisoftencontroversial.

Assessingthepotentialfor“catastrophes”—-likeBhopal,SevesoorFlixborough_inwhichtensofthousandsofpeoplecanbeaffectedisharderstill.Sucheventsareexceedinglyraresotheycannotbepredictedonthebasisofpastexperience.Insteadengineeringexpertsthinkofeverythingthatcouldgowrong—andofthethingsthatcouldgowrongwiththeprecautions.Theprobabilityofanaccidentisthenexpressedintermsofthenumberoflikelycatastrophesper10,000years,usuallyafractionofone.Thisprocessyieldsanestimateoftheriskoflossoflifeforeachplantorprocess.Thenextstageistoputamoneyvalueonit.

Theclassiceconomist’scalculationuseswhatiscalledthe“humancapital”approach.Thedeadpersonisvaluedasamachinewhowouldotherwisehaveproducedgoods.

Thiscallouscalculusmadenoallowanceforwhatmostpeoplewouldregardasthemaincostofalostlife-thepain,griefandsuffering.Thathasnowchanged,thankstoworkbyProfessorMichaelJones-LeeandhiscolleaguesatNewcastleUniversity.Theyaskedmembersofthepublicwhatriskstheywouldbepreparedtorunforwhatoverallrewards.Thisprocessyieldsestimatesofthesubjectivevalueoflives.Theanswerseemstocomeoutbetween￡lmand￡2m.

1.WhyisTBAIndustrialProductsabouttoreduceasbestoslevelsintheairattheirplant?

2.“Cancers”arehardertoassessthan“corpses”because.

3.Whatdoestheassessmentofthepotentialfor“catastrophes”relyon?

4.Thewritersuggeststhatthe“humancapital”approachis.

5.AtypicalquestionposedbyProfessorJones-Leeandhiscolleagueswouldhavebeen:

問題1選項

A.TocomplywithareportbytheOntarioRoyalCommission

B.BecausetheUnionisdemandingstrictersafetymeasures

C.BecausepresentlevelsareabovethosesetbytheHSE

D.Toimprovethequalityoftheirbrakelinings

問題2選項

A.thesafetymeasuresemployedvaryagreatdeal

B.Ttherearefarmoreofthem

C.Tthewealthofevidencehasnotyetbeenanalyzed

D.Iitisdifficulttotracethecauseofsomediseases

問題3選項

A.Ananalysisofafewpastdisasters.

B.Mathematicalprobabilitycalculations.

C.Acomparisonof“cancers”and“corpses”.

D.Reportsofacompany’scapital.

問題4選項

A.unreliableandrisky

B.invaluableandsubjective

C.tooroughandready

D.clinicalandinhumane

問題5選項

A.Howmuchdoyouthinkaperson’slifeisworth?

B.Wouldyousayyouenjoytakingrisksatwork?

C.Howmuchwouldyouworkinanasbestosfactoryfor?

D.Whatrewardwouldyouexpectforsavingsomeone'slife?

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章第一段提到公司計劃減少工廠排放至空氣中的石棉含量，即每毫升空氣中纖維含量最多0.5，這是衛(wèi)生安全局定下的范圍（Thecompanyisjustinstitutingaprogrammetoreducetheasbestosintheairattheplanttoamaximum0.5fiberspermilliliterofair—thecontrollimitimposedbytheHealthandSafetyExecutiveirresponsible），因此可以推測目前的含量超過了這個范圍，才會需要降低，因此選項C符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。文章第四段最后一句話提到這些致命的疾病可能要在多年后才出現(xiàn)，而其產(chǎn)生的原因和導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果之間的關(guān)系具有爭議性（Thediseasesmaynotappearuntilyearsaftertheprocesswasfirstinitiated,andtherelationshipbetweencauseandeffectisoftencontroversial），因此選項D符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第五段第四句話Theprobabilityofanaccidentisthenexpressedintermsofthenumberoflikelycatastrophesper10,000years,usuallyafractionofone可知選項B符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句話Thiscallouscalculusmadenoallowanceforwhatmostpeoplewouldregardasthemaincostofalostlife-thepain,griefandsuffering中的callous（無情的，麻木的）可知人力資本方法是殘忍的，選項D符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句話Theanswerseemstocomeoutbetween￡lmand￡2m，可知回答的是某種事物的價格，因此選項A符合題意。

4.單選題

Inthemoviesandontelevision,artificialintelligenceistypicallydepictedassomethingsinisterthatwillupendourwayoflife.WhenitcomestoAIinbusiness,weoftenhearaboutitinrelationtoautomationandtheimpendinglossofjobs,butinwhatwaysisAIchangingcompaniesandthelargereconomythatdon'tinvolvedoom-and-gloommassunemploymentpredictions?

ArecentsurveyofmanufacturingandserviceindustriesfromTataConsultancyServicesfoundthatcompaniescurrentlyuseAImoreoftenincomputer-to-computeractivitiesthaninautomatinghumanactivities.Onecommonapplication?Preventingelectronicsecuritybreaches,which,ratherthaneliminatingITjobs,actuallymakesthosepersonnelmorevaluabletoemployers,becausetheyhelpfirmspreventhackingattempts.

HereareafewotherwaysAIisaidingcompanieswithoutreplacingemployees:

Betterhiringpractices

Companiesareusingartificialintelligencetoremovesomeoftheunconsciousbiasfromhiringdecisions.“Thereareexperimentsthatshowthat,naturally,theresultsofinterviewsaremuchmorebiasedthanwhatAIdoes,”saysPedroDomingo,authorofTheMasterAlgorithm:HowthequestfortheUltimatelearningMachineWillReambeOurWorldandacomputerscience1.（

）Onecompanythat'sdoingthisiscalledBlendoor.Itusesanalyticstohelpidentifywheretheremaybebiasinthehiringprocess.

Moreeffectivemarketing

SomeAIsoftwarecananalyzeandoptimizemarketingemailsubjectlinestoincreaseopenrates.OnecompanyintheUK,Phrasee,claimstheirsoftwarecanoutperformhumansbyupto10percentwhenitcomestoemailopenrates.Thiscanmeanmillionsmoreinrevenue.2.（

）Theseare“toolsthathelppeopleusedata,notareplacementforpeople,”saysPatrickH.Winston,aprofessorofartificialintelligenceandcomputerscienceatMIT.

Savingcustomersmoney

EnergycompaniescanuseAItohelpcustomersreducetheirelectricitybills,savingthemmoneywhilehelpingtheenvironmentCompaniescanalsooptimizetheirownenergyuseandcutdownonthecostofelectricity.Insurancecompanies,meanwhile,canbasetheirpremiumsonAImodelsthatmoreaccuratelyaccessrisk.“Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,”saysDomingos,3.（

）

Improvedaccuracy

“Machinelearningoftenprovidesamorereliableformofstatisticswhichmakesdatamorevaluable,“saysWinston.It“helpspeoplemakesmarterdecisions.”4.（

）

Protectingandmaintaininginfrastructure

Anumberofcompanies,particularlyinenergyandtransportation,useAIimageprocessingtechnologytoinspectinfrastructureandpreventequipmentfailureorleaksbeforetheyhappen.“Iftheyfailfirstandthenyoufixthem,it’sveryexpensive,”saysDomingo's.“5."（

）.”

問題1選項

A.Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou’redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn’thavetimefor.

B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.

C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdWords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit’susefulforemployeestogoto.

E.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.

F.We’realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.

G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.

問題2選項

A.Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou’redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn’thavetimefor.

B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.

C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdWords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit’susefulforemployeestogoto.

E.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.

F.We’realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.

G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.

問題3選項

A.Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou’redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn’thavetimefor.

B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.

C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdWords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit’susefulforemployeestogoto.

E.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.

F.We’realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.

G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.

問題4選項

A.Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou’redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn’thavetimefor.

B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.

C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdWords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit’susefulforemployeestogoto.

E.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.

F.We’realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.

G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.

問題5選項

A.Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou'redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn'thavetimefor.

B.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.

C.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisto,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdWords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.

D.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit'susefulforemployeestogoto.

E.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.

F.We'realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.

G.AIlooksatresumesingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.

【答案】第1題:G

第2題:C

第3題:E

第4題:B

第5題:D

5.單選題

Heisverymuchlookingforward（）visitingyourcountry.

問題1選項

A.by

B.with

C.to

D.at

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查固定搭配。lookingforwardto“期待，盼望”，句意：他非常期待訪問貴國。因此，C選項符合句意。

6.單選題

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties,however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessionandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak.TheU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneofprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotive-assemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexaminehousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry’swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavetosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld'sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivitytotheforestedfuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn’tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries______.

2.Itisstatedinparagraph1thatconstructionofaneweducationsystem_____.

3.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.S.workforcesisthat_____.

4.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestorstoshowthateducationemerged_____.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation_____.

問題1選項

A.issubjectgroundlessdoubts

B.hasfallenvictimofbias

C.isconventionaldowngraded

D.hasbeenoverestimated

問題2選項

A.requiressufficientlaborforce

B.takeseffortsofgenerations

C.demandspriorityfromthegovernment

D.challengeseconomistsandpoliticians

問題3選項

A.theU.S.workforceismoreorganized

B.theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined

C.theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive

D.theU.S.workforcehasabettereducation

問題4選項

A.asaresultofpressureongovernment

B.whenpeoplenolongerwenthunting

C.whenpeoplehadenoughtime

D.priortobetterwaysoffindingfood

問題5選項

A.followsimprovedproductivity

B.resultsdirectlyfromcompetitiveenvironments

C.doesnotdependoneconomicperformance

D.cannotaffordpoliticalchanges

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到文章第一段第二三句話…h(huán)owever,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.“……然而，傳統(tǒng)觀點認為教育應(yīng)該是促進貧窮國家經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展的首要任務(wù)之一，這種觀點是錯誤的。我們很幸運，因為在那里建立新的教育系統(tǒng)，并讓足夠多的人通過這些系統(tǒng)來改善經(jīng)濟表現(xiàn)，需要兩三代人的努力”，從這句可知很多人都會認為不發(fā)達國家要想獲得快速發(fā)展就的通過發(fā)展教育來達成，但事實是僅僅是新的教育體系發(fā)展起來都得需要經(jīng)歷兩到三代人的努力才能實現(xiàn)，達不到快速這個目標，所以教育的作用是被高估了的，所以答案選D“被高估了”。

A選項“受到無端質(zhì)疑”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

B選項“變成了偏見的受害者”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

C選項“通常被貶低”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

2.事實細節(jié)題。定位到第一段第三句話Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.“我們很幸運，因為在那里建立新的教育系統(tǒng)，并讓足夠多的人通過這些系統(tǒng)來改善經(jīng)濟表現(xiàn)，需要兩三代人的努力”，從這里可知答案選B“需要幾代人的努力”；

A選項“需要足夠的勞動力”，第一段沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項“要求政府放在首位”，定位到第一段第二句話…h(huán)owever,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.“……然而，傳統(tǒng)觀點認為教育應(yīng)該是促進貧窮國家經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展的首要任務(wù)之一，這種觀點是錯誤的”，這里只是提到人們會下意識的認為要把教育放在第一位，與題目描寫的新教育體系的建立無關(guān)，這里屬于出處錯誤；

D選項“挑戰(zhàn)經(jīng)濟學家和政治家”，定位到第一段第一句Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike“在貧窮國家，正規(guī)教育和經(jīng)濟增長之間的關(guān)系被經(jīng)濟學家和政治家們廣泛誤解”，這說的是經(jīng)濟學和政治學家的一種誤解，與題目描寫的新教育體系的建立無關(guān)所以不選，這里屬于出處錯誤。

3.事實細節(jié)題，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第一句話YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts“然而，研究顯示，本田、尼桑和豐田的美國工廠的生產(chǎn)率達到了日本同行的95%左右”，從這里可以知道，雖然美國工人能夠達到日本工人95%的生產(chǎn)率但是日本工人的生產(chǎn)效率還是高一些的，所以C選項“日本的勞動力效率更高”。

A選項“美國的勞動力更有組織”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項“日本的勞動力更有紀律性”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項“美國勞動力有更好的教育”，定位到第二段第三句話TheU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducated…“美國的勞動力被嘲笑為受教育程度低……”從這里可知，D選項錯誤，屬于反向干擾。

4.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood（一萬年前，當我們的祖先還是獵人和采集者時，除了尋找食物，他們沒有時間思考其他事情）”，這個“其他事情”指向定位句的上一句“Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted（畢竟，教育就是這樣開始的）”，此處說的就是教育的出現(xiàn)需要一個很重要的條件“時間”。因此C選項“當人們有了足夠時間時”符合題意。

A選項“這是政府壓力的結(jié)果”來自于倒數(shù)第二段“evenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit（即使政府不強迫）”，但是這并非說明政府壓迫是導(dǎo)致教育出現(xiàn)的原因，本段說的是“經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與教育的關(guān)系”，屬于偷換概念。

B選項“當人們不再去打獵”同樣來自倒數(shù)第二句“ourancestorswerehunters”，但這里是說，由于需要尋找食物，才沒有時間去思考其他事情，并未提及不再打獵這個條件，屬于偷換概念。

D選項“教育先于更好的尋找食物的方法出現(xiàn)”來自倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings（只有當人類開始以更有效的方式獲取食物時，才有時間做其他事情）”，因此“betterwaysoffindingfoods”應(yīng)先出現(xiàn)，才有教育的可能性，屬于曲解原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第一二句Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.“隨著教育的改善，人類的生產(chǎn)力潛力也在增加。當競爭環(huán)境推動我們的祖先發(fā)揮這種潛力時，他們反過來也能負擔得起更多的教育”，從這里可知，教育能夠提高生產(chǎn)力潛能，當潛能被競爭激發(fā)出來生產(chǎn)率提高時，反過來又可以提高教育水平，所以答案選A選項“隨著提高的生產(chǎn)率而來”；

B選項“直接來自競爭環(huán)境的結(jié)果”，屬于反向干擾，競爭激發(fā)生產(chǎn)潛能然后再有助于教育提高，不是直接參與教育的發(fā)展；

C選項“不依賴于經(jīng)濟表現(xiàn)”，定位到最后一段第三句Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.（對于先進的經(jīng)濟表現(xiàn)所要求的復(fù)雜的政治制度來說，教育水平的日益提高可能是必要的，但不是充分的條件），教育發(fā)展是依賴于復(fù)雜政治制度的必要不充分條件，所以說教育的發(fā)展不能推動政治的發(fā)展，而政治的發(fā)展可以推動教育的發(fā)展，從文章可以看出而政治的發(fā)展依賴于經(jīng)濟表現(xiàn)，所以可以說教育的發(fā)展依賴于經(jīng)濟表現(xiàn)，所以C選項錯誤；

D選項“無法承受政治變革”，定位到第四段第四句Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.（因此，如果沒有政治變革，窮國可能無法擺脫貧困陷阱，而政治變革只有通過更廣泛的正規(guī)教育才能實現(xiàn)），這里沒有提及政治變革對教育的影響只講看教育對政治變革的影響，所以D選項屬于曲意理解。

7.單選題

Hegavehislistenersavivid（）ofhisjourneythroughPeru.

問題1選項

A.account

B.tale

C.communication

D.plot

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。giveanaccountof意為“講述…說明…匯報…”。根據(jù)句意“他向聽眾生動地講述了他的秘魯之旅?！边x項A符合句意。

8.單選題

Whattypeofautomobilewouldyoubuy（）?

問題1選項

A.ifyouhavefreechoicetochoosethecarsavailabletoday

B.Ifyouarefreetochooseamongallthecarsavailabletoday

C.Ifallcarsavailablewasfreetobechosenbyyou

D.Ifyouwerefreetochooseamongallthecarsavailabletoday

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)題干主句Whattypeofautomobilewouldyoubuy，得知if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句要用虛擬語氣。主語謂語形式是would+動詞原形，句子是對現(xiàn)在的虛擬。If條件狀語從句應(yīng)該用動詞的過去式(be動詞用were而不用was)，所以D選項符合題意。句意：如果你可以在所有的汽車中自由選擇，你會買什么類型的汽車？因此，本題的正確選項是D選項。

9.單選題

Therewasmuch（）amongthecyclistsafterthedifficultride.

問題1選項

A.camaraderie

B.camradene

C.commraderie

D.comraderie

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項camaraderie“友情”；B，C和D這三項在英語中不存在。句意：在這個艱難的騎行后，這些騎車者之間產(chǎn)生了很多友情。結(jié)合句意，故A選項正確。

10.單選題

Hewas（）whenheheardtheunexpectednews,butIfinallyconvincedhim.

問題1選項

A.incredible

B.inevitable

C.incredulous

D.indifferent

【答案】C

【解析】考查同形詞辨析。incredible“難以置信的”；inevitable“不可避免的”；incredulous“懷疑的，不輕信的”；indifferent“冷漠的”，根據(jù)Ifinallyconvincedhim“我最終說服了他”可知此處表達的意思是他剛開始聽到消息的時候是不相信的，所以此處應(yīng)該使用形容詞incredulous，incredible是形容事物難以使人相信，而不是形容人。句意：當他聽到那個意外的消息時是……，但是我最終還是說服了他。故正確答案為選項C。

11.單選題

Thebottomlineisthatpatientswhowanttomakesuretheirdoctoriscompetenthavealotofworktodo.Andtheworkshouldbedoneonthefrontend:expertsemphasizethatpeopleshouldfindadoctorandestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth,sotheydon’thavetoscramblewhentheycomedownwithbronchitisorfindasuspiciouslump.

Studieshavefoundthatitishardtogetanappointmentatshortnoticewhencold-calling,andthatpatientswitharegularsourceofcaregetbettercare,evenwhentheyareuninsured.Whilesomeinternistshaveadditionaltrainingincardiologyorrheumatology,shewenton,primarycarephysiciansalsohaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.

Manywomenchooseagynecologistastheirregulardoctor,Dr.Gallinsaid,butshouldprobablyhavearelationshipwithaninternistaswell.Next,reviewthelistofdoctorsinyourhealthplan.Considertheirlocationaswellastheirhospitalaffiliations.Youmaywanttocross-checkyourhealthplan’slistwithatopdoctorslistforyourarea;theselists(oftenpublishedinregionalmagazineslikeNewYorkandNewJerseyMonthly)areusuallygeneratedbysurveyingphysicians.

Checkwithyourhealthplantoseewhetherithasgoodinformationonindividualphysicians(mostdon’t,butmanyareworkingonit).GoodqualitymeasuresincludeNationalCommitteeonQualityAssuranceaccreditationaboutwhetherdoctorsmeetcriteriaforcareforspecificconditionslikebackpainordiabetes,andtheHealthcareEffectivenessDataInformationSet,whichfocusesonadherencetoclinicalguidelines,likeprescribingabetablockerafteraheartattack.Somehealthplansalsooffernetworksofhigh-performingor“honorroll”physicians;askaboutcriteria.

Ifyou’reuninsured,youmaybeabletonegotiatewithadoctorandagreeonareducedfee,butrememberthatyouwillalsoberesponsibleforthecostoflabtests,bloodwork,X-rays,proceduresandmedications.Thesecostsaremorelikelytobecoveredorchargedonaslidingscaleatacommunityhealthcenterorhospitalclinic.(Tofindalocation,seeunder“FindHelp”,ortheFamiliesUSAWebsite,,under“ResourcesforConsumers”.)

Otherfactorstoconsiderarewhetherthedoctorhaseveningandweekendhours,whethertheofficeleavestimeopentoschedulesame-dayappointmentsforurgentcare,whetherwaitingtimesarereasonableandwhetherthedoctorisinsolopracticeoragrouppractice.(Someexpertssaythatgrouppracticestendtobemoreefficientandthatdoctorsingroupsaremorelikelytostayuptodateoncurren