考研考博-英語-張家界航空工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-張家界航空工業(yè)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Heleftthehouse______unawarethathewasstillwearinghispajamas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assiduously

B.blithely

C.perfunctorily

D.domestically

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)assiduously“刻苦地，勤勉地”，B項(xiàng)blithely“快活地，無憂無慮地”，C項(xiàng)perfunctorily“敷衍地，潦草地，表面地”，D項(xiàng)domestically“國內(nèi)地，家庭式地，適合國內(nèi)地”。由句子意思“他離開了家_______沒有意識(shí)到他還穿著睡衣”可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入副詞修飾unaware，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：他若無其事地離開了家，沒有意識(shí)到他還穿著睡衣。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

HewroteanarticlecriticizingtheGreekpoetandwon（）andascholarship.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.faith

B.status

C.fame

D.courage

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)faith“信念”；B選項(xiàng)status“地位”；C選項(xiàng)fame“名聲”；D選項(xiàng)courage“勇氣”。句意：他寫了一篇批評希臘詩人的文章，從而贏得了名聲和獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。本句表示獲得了名氣，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Sheismostfrugalinmattersofbusiness,butinherprivatelifesherevealsastreakof（prodigality）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.antipathy

B.wastefulness

C.virtuosity

D.equanimity

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：她在生意上極其節(jié)儉，但在私生活上卻揮霍無度。A選項(xiàng)antipathy“反感，厭惡”；B選項(xiàng)wastefulness“浪費(fèi)，揮霍無度”；C選項(xiàng)virtuosity“精湛技巧”；D選項(xiàng)equanimity“平靜，鎮(zhèn)定”。根據(jù)句意可知，prodigality和frugal意思相反，prodigality意為“浪費(fèi)，慷慨”，選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近，代入符合語境。

4.單選題

Directions:Thereare15blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.

Aestheticthoughtofadistinctivelymodernartemergedduringthe18thcentury.Thewesternphilosophersandcriticsofthistimedevotedmuchattentiontosuchmatters（1）naturalbeauty,thesublime,andrepresentation—atrendreflectingthecentralpositiontheyhadgiventothephilosophyofnature.（2）thattime,however,thephilosophyofarthasbecomeevermoreprominentandhasbegunto（3）thephilosophyofnature.Variousissuescentraltothephilosophyofarthavehada（4）impact（5）theorientationof20th-centuryaesthetics.

（6）amongtheseareproblemsrelatingtothetheoryofartasformand（7）distinctionbetweenrepresentationandexpression.Stillanotherfar-reachingquestionhastodowiththevalueofart.Twoopposingtheoreticalpositions（8）onthisissue:oneholdsthatartanditsappreciationareameanstosomerecognizedmoralgood,（9）theothermaintainsthatartisintrinsicallyvaluableandisanendinitself.Underlyingthiswholeissueistheconceptoftaste,oneofthebasicconcernsofaesthetics.Inrecentyearstherehasalsobeenanincreasingpreoccupationwithartastheprimeobjectofcriticaljudgment.Correspondingtothetrendincontemporaryaestheticthought,（10）havefollowedeitheroftwoapproaches.Inone,criticismisrestrictedtotheanalysisandinterpretationoftheworkofart.（11）itisdevotedtothearticulatingtheresponsetotheaestheticobjectandto（12）aparticularwayofperceivingit.

Overtheyears,aestheticshasdevelopedintoabroadfieldofknowledgeandinquiry.Theconcernsofcontemporaryaestheticsincludesuch（13）problemsasthenatureofstyleanditsaestheticsignificance;therelationofaestheticjudgmenttoculture;theviabilityofahistoryofart;the（14）ofFreudianpsychologyandotherformsofpsychologicalstudytocriticism;andtheplaceofaestheticjudgmentinpractical（15）intheconductofeverydayaffairs.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.as

C.to

D.with

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Since

B.For

C.As

D.In

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.plant

B.supplant

C.transplant

D.replant

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.marking

B.remarking

C.marked

D.remarked

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.for

C.in

D.to

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Foreboding

B.Foremost

C.Forethoughtful

D.Foregone

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.for

C.to

D.on

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.havebrought

B.havebeenbrought

C.havetaken

D.havebeentaken

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.whereas

B.wherein

C.whereon

D.wherefore

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.artists

B.writers

C.critics

D.analysts

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.Intheothermanner

B.Intheotherway

C.Inanother

D.Intheother

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.justify

B.justified

C.justifying

D.havingjustified

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.diverse

B.divided

C.divine

D.dividual

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.reliance

B.reliability

C.relief

D.relevancy

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.reason

B.reasonableness

C.reasoning

D.reasonability

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:C

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。根據(jù)原文句意：這一時(shí)期的西方哲學(xué)家和批評家們把大量的注意力放在了諸如自然美、崇高和表現(xiàn)等問題上。suchas意為“諸如，比如”。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

2.考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)句意：然而，從那時(shí)起，藝術(shù)哲學(xué)變得更加突出...。since意為“自...以后”符合語境，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)plant“種植，栽培”；B選項(xiàng)supplant“代替，排擠掉”；C選項(xiàng)transplant“移植”；D選項(xiàng)replant“移居”。由關(guān)鍵詞“and”前面的內(nèi)容可知，后面應(yīng)該是指4.藝術(shù)哲學(xué)取代自然哲學(xué)。選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)marking“標(biāo)記的”；B選項(xiàng)remarking“評論”；C選項(xiàng)marked“顯著的”；D選項(xiàng)remarked“評論，察覺”。句意：藝術(shù)哲學(xué)的各種核心問題對20世紀(jì)的美學(xué)方向產(chǎn)生了顯著的影響。選項(xiàng)C符合原文句意。

6.考查固定搭配。haveanimpactonsth.為固定介詞搭配，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

7.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)Foreboding“預(yù)感的，不祥之兆的”；B選項(xiàng)Foremost“最重要的，居于首位的”；C選項(xiàng)Forethoughtful“深謀遠(yuǎn)慮的，有先見之明的”；D選項(xiàng)Foregone“過去的，先前的”。根據(jù)下一句“Stillanotherfar-reachingquestion...”可知，填空處所填單詞應(yīng)和“far-reaching”相對應(yīng)。句意：在這些問題中，最重要的是有關(guān)藝術(shù)作為形式的理論...。選項(xiàng)B更符合原文語境。

8.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列句，and后面實(shí)際上省略了“relation”，所以后面的介詞應(yīng)該填入“to”，選項(xiàng)C正確。

9.考查語法時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)下文“oneholdsthat...”可推測，填空處應(yīng)表示：在這個(gè)問題上，采取了兩種對立的理論立場。由此可排除選A和B；再分析句子可知，這里的主語是“Twoopposingtheoreticalpositions”，所以應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

10.考查邏輯連詞。A選項(xiàng)whereas“然而”；B選項(xiàng)wherein“在其中，在何處”；C選項(xiàng)whereon“在那上面”；D選項(xiàng)wherefore“因此”。根據(jù)句意：一種立場認(rèn)為，藝術(shù)以及對藝術(shù)的欣賞是實(shí)現(xiàn)某些公認(rèn)的道德行為的一種手段，另一種觀點(diǎn)則認(rèn)為，藝術(shù)本身就具有價(jià)值，這也是它自身的目的。這是兩種相反的觀念，所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文語境。

11.上下文推斷題。根據(jù)上文“Inrecentyearstherehasalsobeenanincreasingpreoccupationwithartastheprimeobjectofcriticaljudgment.近年來，人們也越來越專注于把藝術(shù)作為批判性判斷的主要對象?！备鶕?jù)關(guān)鍵詞“criticaljudgment”以及下文的關(guān)鍵詞“criticism”可知，填空處應(yīng)填入批評家。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

12.上下文推斷題。根據(jù)上文的“Inone”，可知填空處應(yīng)填入“Intheother”，都是省略了approach這個(gè)單詞，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

考查并列結(jié)構(gòu)。這里是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，前面句子的謂語動(dòng)詞是“articulating”，所以填空處也應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。選項(xiàng)C正確，選項(xiàng)D是完成時(shí)態(tài)，不符合語法結(jié)構(gòu)和語境。

13.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)diverse“多種多樣的”；B選項(xiàng)divided“分裂的，分開的”；C選項(xiàng)divine“神圣的，天賜的”；D選項(xiàng)dividual“分開的，獨(dú)特的”。句意：當(dāng)代美學(xué)關(guān)注的問題包括風(fēng)格的本質(zhì)及其美學(xué)意義等多方面的問題。選項(xiàng)A符合原文句意。

14.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)reliance“信賴，信心”；B選項(xiàng)reliability“可靠性”；C選項(xiàng)relief“救濟(jì)，減輕，解除”；D選項(xiàng)relevancy“關(guān)聯(lián)，恰當(dāng)”。句意：審美與文化的關(guān)系；藝術(shù)歷史的可行性；弗洛伊德心理學(xué)和其他形式的心理學(xué)研究與批評的關(guān)聯(lián)性...。選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

15.形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)reason“原因”；B選項(xiàng)reasonableness“合理，妥當(dāng)”；C選項(xiàng)reasoning“推理，論證”；D選項(xiàng)reasonability“合理性”。根據(jù)句意：...以及審美判斷在日常事務(wù)的實(shí)踐推理中的地位。選項(xiàng)C符合原文語境。

5.單選題

Somestudiesconfirmedthatthiskindofeyediseasewas（）intropicalcountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prospective

B.prevalent

C.provocative

D.perpetual

【答案】B

【解析】句意:一些研究證實(shí)這種眼病在熱帶國家是普遍的。

考查形容詞辨析。prospective未來的;預(yù)期的;prevalent流行的；普遍的；provocative刺激的，挑撥的；氣人的；perpetual永久的；不斷的?？崭裉幮稳菰~的主語是eyedisease(眼病)，因此B符合句意。

6.單選題

ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.Nowweprovideasmokefreeworkingenvironment.Why?

Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;theywaste30minuteseachworkdayfumblingwithmatchesandlighters,suckingseductivepoisons.

Still,abancancreateseriouspersonnelproblems.Since25percentofouremployeessmoke,weareofferingthemon-the-jobsmoking-cessationclassesandcounseling.OurmedicalofficeprovidesNicorettes,asugarlesschewinggumformulatedtoeasethephysicalwithdrawalfromnicotine.Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”Wearenot.Ourpolicyaffectsallemployees.Smokersarenotaprotectedclass.Nomatterwhattheirrace,color,religion,sexornationalorigin,theycannotsmokeatwork.

Wearenottryingtodictatepersonallifestyles.Weencourageouremployeestoquitsmokingaltogether,buttheycannotsmokeonthejob.Wesimplycannotaffordtheirhabit.Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.Andasamajorparticipantinthefieldofhealth-carefinancing,wehaveanobligationtoprovethat,ifproperlyconceived,asmoke-freeworkingenvironmentisattainable.Thisisn’tacrusade.Thisisabusinessdecision.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

2.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeinferredfromthepassage?

3.Thepurposeofthisarticleis______.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotusedbytheauthorasjustificationforregulatingtobaccosmokingonthejob?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thesmokingemployees,onthewhole,feltuncomfortableaboutthecorporation’srulesthatpermittednosmokingintheworkplace.

B.Thebanoncigarettesmokingwasintroducedatthecompanygraduallyandconditionally.

C.Smokerswereconsideredaquerulousminorityatthemainofficeofthefirm.

D.Smokingwasbannedatthefirm’sheadquartersabruptlyandcompletely.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Cigaretteadvertisinggenerallymakesuseoftheappealofseductiveimages.

B.Cigaretteadvertisingtendstoremindpeopleoftherelationshipbetweensmokingandagoodlife.

C.Cigaretteadvertising,asarule,isdesignedtomisleadnonsmokers.

D.Mostcigaretteadvertisingistargetedatstrongandattractivemenandwomen.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tocriticizethehabitofcigarettesmokingasahealthhazard

B.toemphasizetheattainabilityofasmokefreeworkingenvironment

C.todefendthepracticeofcontrollingsmokingintheworkplace

D.topresentanargumentformakingsmokingasolelyjob-relatedissue

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theassumptionthatsmokers,duetotheirtime-consuminghabit,arenotasefficientatworkasnonsmokers.

B.Thenotionthattobaccosmokingseriouslycontaminatestheworkingenvironment.

C.Smoking-relatedhealthproblemsthatcauseprematuredeaths.

D.Thefactthatthenationaleconomyisweakenedbysmoking-relatedcosts.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？”。文章第一段指出ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.（我負(fù)責(zé)的公司在上周深吸了一口新鮮空氣，然后就徹底戒掉了吸煙壞習(xí)慣。在家庭辦公室里工作，吸煙是完全禁止的。），根據(jù)wentcoldturkey（快速戒掉壞習(xí)慣）這個(gè)詞語，可以推斷出公司是突然禁止吸煙，故D項(xiàng)“公司總部突然全面禁止吸煙”正確，由此也可知B項(xiàng)“該公司逐步、有條件地實(shí)行了禁煙令”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段中的Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”（在我們的3000名家庭辦公室員工中，大多數(shù)人支持我們的新政策，吸煙者和不吸煙者都是一樣的，但有少數(shù)人抱怨說，我們?yōu)槭裁匆捌缫曃鼰熣摺薄＃┛芍?，關(guān)于公司的禁煙令，包括吸煙者和不吸煙者在內(nèi)，大部分的員工是支持的，只有少數(shù)人有抱怨，這其中可能有吸煙者可能也有不吸煙者，因此A項(xiàng)“總的來說，吸煙的員工對公司規(guī)定不允許在工作場所吸煙感到不舒服”和C項(xiàng)“在公司的主要辦公室里，吸煙者被認(rèn)為是少數(shù)愛發(fā)牢騷的人”錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“下列哪一項(xiàng)可以從文章中推斷出來？”。根據(jù)第二段中的Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.（任何每年殺死35萬美國人的事情都應(yīng)該采取果斷的行動(dòng)，所有強(qiáng)壯的牛仔和黃褐色頭發(fā)的迷人的女人都不能充分地鼓吹香煙廣告，來掩蓋這個(gè)國家七分之一的死亡與吸煙有關(guān)的事實(shí)。）可以推斷，香煙廣告通常都是以誘人的形象來展示，故A項(xiàng)“香煙廣告通常利用誘人形象的吸引力”正確；B項(xiàng)“香煙廣告傾向于提醒人們吸煙和美好生活之間的關(guān)系”從文中推斷不出來；C項(xiàng)“一般來說，香煙廣告是為了誤導(dǎo)不吸煙的人”也不正確，香煙廣告既可能誘導(dǎo)不吸煙者也可能誤導(dǎo)吸煙者；D項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)香煙廣告的目標(biāo)是強(qiáng)壯和有吸引力的男人和女人”顛倒了文章意思。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章的目的是什么？”。通讀全文可知，文章第一段通過公司突然禁煙的做法引出了無煙工作環(huán)境的觀點(diǎn)，第二段闡述了提供無煙工作環(huán)境的原因，即吸煙的一系列危害，接著第三段講到了公司為了實(shí)行禁令為員工做的一些努力和大多數(shù)員工對禁令的支持，然后最后一段總結(jié)，吸煙導(dǎo)致的增加的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用、死亡和工作時(shí)間損失都會(huì)給經(jīng)濟(jì)造成一定的損失，所以提供無煙工作環(huán)境是一個(gè)商業(yè)的決策；綜合全文我們可以推斷出，這篇文章的目的是給“提供無煙工作環(huán)境”這一策略做辯護(hù)，C項(xiàng)“為在工作場所控制吸煙的做法辯護(hù)”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“批判吸煙的習(xí)慣對健康有害”和B項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)無煙工作環(huán)境的可獲得性”都是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文；D項(xiàng)“提出一個(gè)關(guān)于讓吸煙成為僅僅是與工作相關(guān)的問題的論點(diǎn)”不符合文意。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪項(xiàng)不是作者用以作為管制工作期間吸煙的理由？”。由第二段最后兩句Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;theywaste30minuteseachworkdayfumblingwithmatchesandlighters,suckingseductivepoisons.（與此相關(guān)的成本也在侵蝕我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)。最近的一份報(bào)告估計(jì)，吸煙者使用醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)的人數(shù)至少比不吸煙者多50%；他們每天要浪費(fèi)30分鐘的時(shí)間摸索火柴和打火機(jī)，吸食誘人的毒藥。）以及最后一段中的倒數(shù)第二句Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.（根據(jù)一項(xiàng)國會(huì)研究，每年因吸煙而增加的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用、過早死亡和工作時(shí)間損失給經(jīng)濟(jì)造成的損失平均為650億美元）可知，A項(xiàng)“由于吸煙者耗時(shí)的習(xí)慣，所以在工作效率不如不吸煙者的假設(shè)”、C項(xiàng)“與吸煙有關(guān)的導(dǎo)致過早死亡的健康問題”和D項(xiàng)“與吸煙有關(guān)的成本削弱了國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的事實(shí)”都是禁止工作期間吸煙的理由；只有B項(xiàng)“吸煙嚴(yán)重污染工作環(huán)境的觀點(diǎn)”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

7.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseonyourANSWERSHEET.

Oneofthestrangestaspectsofourlifeisthewidespreadlackofconcernaboutthedangeroftotaldestructionbynuclearweapons,apossibilitypeopleareawareof.Theexplanation,Ibelieve,isthattheyaremoreproudofthanfrightenedbythegadgetsofmassdestruction.Also,theyaresofrightenedofthepossibilityoftheirpersonalfailureandhumiliationthattheiranxietyaboutpersonalmatterspreventsthemfromfeelinganxiousaboutthepossibilitythateverybodyandeverythingmaybedestroyed.Perhapstotaldestructionisevenmoreattractivethantotalinsecurityandnever-endingpersonalanxiety.

【答案】我們生活中最奇怪的一個(gè)方面是，人們普遍不關(guān)心核武器可能帶來徹底毀滅的危險(xiǎn)，而人們也知道這種可能性。我認(rèn)為，可以解釋為，他們對大規(guī)模毀滅性武器與其說感到害怕，不如說感到自豪。此外，他們對個(gè)人失敗和被羞辱的可能性是如此恐懼，以至于他們對個(gè)人事務(wù)的焦慮阻礙了他們?nèi)?dān)憂每個(gè)人、每件事都可能被摧毀的可能性。也許徹底的毀滅比完全的不安全感和無休止的個(gè)人焦慮更有吸引力。

8.單選題

Whetheryouareagorilla,afouryearoldchild,apoliticianoranOlympicathlete,thesignsofvictoryareobviousforalltosee:thechestinflates,theheadisthrownbackandthevictordisplaysastruttingandconfidentair.Shameatbeingdefeatedisequallyrecognizable:theheadbows,andsometimestheshouldersslumpandthechestnarrowstoo—somethingthatisnotamillionmilesawayfromthecringingposturesassociatedwithsubmissioninanimals,fromchimpanzeestorats,rabbitsandevensalamanders.Arethesedisplaysofprideandshamecommontoallhumans?Iftheyare,theywillhaveevolvedtoservesomefunction.

IntheirresearchpublishedinProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,ateamofresearchersanalyzedimagesofblindandsightedathletesfromdifferentculturesfromthejudocompetitionheldinthe2004OlympicandParalympicsGames.Theylookedforwhetherornotcompetitorsindulgedinpost-matchbehaviorsuchastiltingtheirheadsback,raisingtheirarmsorexpandingtheirchestsinvictory,orhidingtheirfaceornarrowingtheirchestsindefeat.Theyfoundthatinresponsetosuccessandfailure,peoplefromdifferentculturesdisplayedthestereotypicalgesturesofprideandsomeofthecomponentsofexpressionsofshame.Thisincludedtheblindcompetitors—eventhoseblindfrombirth.

Althoughtheresearcherssaythatcongenitallyblindchildrenmighthavebeentaughtbytheirparentstolifttheirhandsabovetheirheadsafteravictory,theyspeculatethatitwouldbehardertoteachthemthefullspectrumofdisplaystheywitnessed.Thesefindings,then,implythatdisplaysofpridearenotsimplyculturalstereotypeslearntafterbirth:butaninnateformofbehaviorthatwasrelevanttothewayhumanslived.Adisplayofpride(orshame),inotherwords,maybeanevolvedandinnatebehavioralresponse.

Why?Suchdisplaysmayhaveanevolutionaryfunction.Peoplecouldbeadvertisingtheiraccomplishmentsandensuringtheirstatusandacceptancewithintheirsocialgroup.Similarly,shameshowsacceptanceofadefeatandareluctancetofighton(whichmayhelptoavoidfurtheraggression),andsomightwellbeadisplayofsubmission.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatthebehavioralresponsetoshamewasweakerinsightedathletesfromculturesthatwereindividualistic—or“self-expressionvaluing”—societiesintheWest.Theysuggestthatathletesfromthesepartsweresuppressingresponsesinaccordancewith“culturalnorms”thatstigmatizedisplaysofshame.Ifso,thiswouldexplainwhythecongenitallyblinddisplayedmoreshameindefeatthandidpeoplewhobecameblindlaterinlife.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorproposeshishypothesisby（

）.

2.Whyareblindathleteschosenfortheresearch?

3.Theprideandshameresponsesprobablyfunctionas

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingpost-matchbehaviorofathletesshowsuniqueculturalinfluence?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.drawingananalogy

B.makingacomparison

C.listingspecificexamples

D.explainingaphenomenon

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toidentifytheirdistinctivebehavioralfeatures.

B.Toillustratethetypicalgesturesusedbythedisabled.

C.Toproveinstinctiveprideandshamereactions.

D.Tojustifytheimportanceoflearningafterbirth.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.determiningone’ssocialstatus

B.showingone’sattitude

C.exchangingpersonalfeelings

D.signalingtheendofafight

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hidingtheirfaces.

B.Puffingouttheirchests.

C.Raisingtheirarms.

D.Removingtheirclothing.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。類比（drawingananalogy）指將兩個(gè)本質(zhì)上不同的事物就其共同點(diǎn)進(jìn)行比較，由文章第一段可知作者是將動(dòng)物與人兩個(gè)不同的對象，其對勝利的表現(xiàn)都是相同的進(jìn)行比較，因此選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中Theyfoundthatinresponsetosuccessandfailure,peoplefromdifferentculturesdisplayedthestereotypicalgesturesofprideandsomeofthecomponentsofexpressionsofshame.Thisincludedtheblindcompetitors—eventhoseblindfrombirth.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些在勝利和失敗的反應(yīng)中，來自不同文化的人們展示出一成不變的勝利姿態(tài)和由若干固定成分組成的羞愧表情。這其中包括盲人運(yùn)動(dòng)員，甚至還是先天失明的）可知C選項(xiàng)“來證明其驕傲和羞恥的本能反應(yīng)”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Peoplecouldbeadvertisingtheiraccomplishmentsandensuringtheirstatusandacceptancewithintheirsocialgroup.Similarly,shameshowsacceptanceofadefeatandareluctancetofighton...andsomightwellbeadisplayofsubmission.（人們要夸耀他們的成就，確保他們的地位和社會(huì)群體的認(rèn)同。同樣地，羞愧表現(xiàn)出對失利的接受和對繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗的不情愿，也很可能是一種順從的表現(xiàn)）可知這些都是對態(tài)度的表現(xiàn)，因此選B。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Theysuggestthatathletesfromthesepartsweresuppressingresponsesinaccordancewith"culturalnorms"thatstigmatizedisplaysofshame.（研究表明來自于這些地方的職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員抑制了反應(yīng)，而這種反應(yīng)與控制恥辱表現(xiàn)的社會(huì)行為規(guī)范相一致）可知A“把他們的臉藏起來”屬于抑制自己反應(yīng)的表現(xiàn)，因此選A。

9.單選題

Beforewemove,weshould（

）someoftheoldfurniture,sothatwecanhavemoreroominthenewhouse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cancel

B.conceal

C.discard

D.retain

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。cancel“取消”；conceal“隱藏”；discard“丟棄”；retain“保持”。句意：我們搬家前，我們應(yīng)該丟棄一些老家具，以便于我們能夠?yàn)樾路孔域v出更多空間。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.寫作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonWhatMadeLiNaSuchaGreatTennisPlayer?Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.SomepeoplemaintainthatLi’ssuccesshasentirelyreliedonherownhardwork;

2.Othersholdtheviewthatthestate-runsportssystemhaslaidasolidfoundationforhertoflyalone;

3.Youropinions.

【答案】WhatMadeLiNaSuchaGreatTennisPlayer?

Asisknowntoall,LiNaisthemostincredibletennisplayerinChina.Uptonow,shehasgotfoursingletitlesandtwodoubletitlesofWTA,andwhat’smore,sheisthefirstChineseplayerwhohasgotthesingletitleduringtheWTAtour.Besides,sheisthefirsttop-tenplayerinChinawhohasgotNo.7sofar.

WhenitcomestoLiNa’sathleticachievements,peoplecannothelpaskingsuchaquestion:WhatMadeLiNaSuchaGreatTennisPlayer?

AccordingtoarecentinvestigationconductedbyasportingorganizationinChina,43.6percentofrespondentsholdtheviewthatLiNa,ssuccessreliescompletelyonherownhardwork.Whenshewasonlysixyearsold,shebegantopractiseplayingtennis.Duetoherarduoustrainingonthesportsground,shebecameaprofessionalplayer.Asshewasnotusedtothetrainingstyleinthestate-runsportssystem,shebrokeawayfromthestate-runsportssystemandbegantoflyalone.

However,56.4percentofrespondentsarguethatthestate-runsportssystemhaslaidasolidfoundationforhertoflyalone.Herfellowplayershadtheirstricttrainingwithherandbecameherrivals.IfithadnotbeenforLiNa’spastexperienceinthestate-runsportssystem,shecouldnothavebeenasuccessfulplayerandshecouldnothaveflownalonelateron.

Inmyopinion,LiNa’shardworkandherflyingalonearethetwoindispensableelementsofhersuccess.Bothelementsarecomplementary.It’shardtoimagineherflyingalonewithouthardworkwithinthestate-runsportssystemorherhardworkwithinthissystemwithoutflyingalone.

11.單選題

Withhisface（）byamask,thefiremandashedintothehouseonfire.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hidden

B.concealed

C.screened

D.buried

【答案】C

【解析】四個(gè)詞都有“掩飾,掩藏”之意,但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。hide—般用于hidesb/sthinaplace；conceal隱瞞,一般表示“掩飾,不讓別人發(fā)現(xiàn)”；screen表示“遮蔽以起到保護(hù)的效果”；bury表示“埋葬”。根據(jù)句意可知,所以C符合語境。

12.翻譯題

1.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.(10%)

InterestinbasketballintheUnitedStatespeaksaroundthreebigchampionshipeventsinthespring:thecollegechampionshipsformenandwomeninlateMarchorearlyAprilandtheprofessionalplayoffsthatclimaxinJune.Butthat’sonlyorganizedbasketball.Informally,thegamehasbeenlearnedbygenerationsofAmericanyouthsoncityplaygroundsandschoolyards,onlonelybasketsputupinbackyardsofruralhomesandonthedrivewaybasketballcourtsofcountlesssuburbanhomes.

【答案】美國人對籃球的興趣在春季三大錦標(biāo)賽期間達(dá)到頂峰。這包括三月底或四月初舉行的大學(xué)男籃錦標(biāo)賽和大學(xué)女籃錦標(biāo)賽，以及在六月份進(jìn)入決賽高潮的職業(yè)籃球賽。上面說的只是有組織的正式比賽。在市內(nèi)的運(yùn)動(dòng)場和學(xué)校的操場上，在農(nóng)舍后院的簡易籃球筐下，或是在無數(shù)市郊住宅的自家車道上劃出的籃球場上,一代代的美國青少年在學(xué)習(xí)打籃球。

13.單選題

Mostofthetreesinthetemperatezonebecome（）inwinter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.barren

B.luxuriant

C.rotten

D.bald

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。barren“貧瘠的，不生育的”；luxuriant“繁茂的，濃密的”；rotten“腐爛的，墮落的，虛弱的”；bald“光禿的，禿頂?shù)摹?。句意：熱帶地區(qū)的大多數(shù)樹在冬天會(huì)變得光禿。D項(xiàng)正確。

14.填空題

Thecompanyheadquartersincludeatechnicallibraryandabigresearchlaboratory.I’vevisited（1）lab,whichisvery（2）equipped.Iwouldn'tmindworkingtheremyself.

【答案】1.the

2.well

【解析】1.語法題?？疾槎ü谠~。這里應(yīng)該用定冠詞the來表示特指前面出現(xiàn)過的laboratory。

2.固定搭配。Bewellequipped設(shè)備齊全精良。

15.翻譯題

中國人的年講究的就是一個(gè)團(tuán)聚，正如中國知名作家馮驥才所講：春節(jié)是中國人的“情感時(shí)刻”。這一天無論你身在何處，回家團(tuán)圓是唯一的主題，思鄉(xiāng)情感也要在這一刻得到宣泄。對于英國留學(xué)生們來說，春節(jié)回家的愿望，非要天時(shí)地利人和，多重因素都給力，才能夠得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。每年的春節(jié)大多在一、二月間，這個(gè)時(shí)候并不是學(xué)校的假期，留學(xué)生們無法脫身。

【答案】WhatChineseNewYearstressesisafamilyreunion.JustasFengJicai,afamousChinesewriter,haspointedout,theSpringFestivalisan“emotionalmoment”fortheChinesepeople.Whereveryoumaybethatday,returninghomeforafamilyreunionistheonlytopicofconversationandyourhomesicknessissuretobegotoffyourchest.ForoverseasChinesestudentsintheUnitedKingdom,theirwishofreturninghomeduringtheSpringFestivalcannotberealizedunlesseverythingisOKandmanyfactorsaregeliable.TheSpringFestivalfallschieflybetweenJanuaryandFebruary,duringwhichschoolshavenovacations,overseasstudentscannotleaveschool.

16.單選題

1.Notsatisfiedthathisopinionshouldpasswithoutcontradiction,hewasdeterminedtohaveit______bythesuffrageofeveryoneinthecompany.

2.Ishouldpreferthetitleofancientphilosopher,“acitizenoftheworld’toanyother______whatever.

3.Itworksbyelicitingthegeneralprincipleswhichapplytothefacts,astheyexist,andthenbyanintellectualsurveyof______possibilitieswhichareconsistentwiththoseprinciples.

4.Theypayasmuch______totheunderstandingofamanofanestate,asofamanoflearning.

5.Nay,thereisnostandor______inthewit,butmaybewroughtoutbyfitstudies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deference

B.emulation

C.impediment

D.demonstration

E.appellation

F.alternative

G.multiplicity

H.alleviate

/r