考研考博-英語-北部灣大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北部灣大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Arapidmeansoflong-distancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStateassettlementspreadeverfartherwestward.Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafe,affectivestoppingsystem.Oncetheseweresolved,therailroadwasestablishedasthebestmeansoflandtransportation.By1860therewerethousandsofmilesofrailroadscrossingtheeasternmountainrangesandreachingwestwardtotheMississippi.Therewerealsoregionalsouthernandwesternlines.

Thehighpointinrailroadbuildingcamewiththeconstructionofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific.TheGovernmenthelpedtherailroadsgenerouslywithmoneyandland.Actualworkonthisprojectbeganfouryearslater.TheCentralPacificCompany,startingfromCalifornia,usedChineselabor,whiletheUnionPacificemployedcrewsofIrishlaborers.Thetwogroupsworkedatremarkablespeed,eachtryingtocoveragreaterdistancethantheother.In1869theymetata

placecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.Therewerejoyouscelebrationsalloverthecountry,withparadesandtheringingofchurchbellstohonorthegreatachievement.

Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfarmingbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.Inlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanother,ithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.

1.ThemajorproblemswithAmerica’srailroadsysteminthemiddleI9lhcenturylayin（）.

2.Thebuildingofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem（）.

3.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

4.Theconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadtook（）.

5.Whatmostlikelymadepeoplethinkaboutatranscontinentalrailroad?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.poorqualityrailsandunreliablestoppingsystems

B.lackoffinancialsupportfordevelopment

C.limitedrailroadlines

D.lackofatranscontinentalrailroad

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.broughtaboutarapidgrowthofindustryandfarminginthewest

B.attractedmanyvisitorstotheconstructionsites

C.attractedlaborersfromEurope

D.encouragedpeopletotravelalloverthecountry

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.SettlementsSpreadWestward

B.TheCoast-to-CoastRailroad:AVitalLink

C.AmericanRailroadHistory

D.TheImportanceofTrainsintheAmericanEconomy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.9years

B.7years

C.4years

D.3years

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thepossibilityofgovernmentsupportforsuchatask.

B.TheneedtoexploreUtah.

C.Theneedtoconnecttheeastcoastwiththewest.

D.Theneedtodeveloptherailroadindustryinthewest.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafe,affectivestoppingsystem(最嚴(yán)重的問題是建設(shè)能承重的鐵軌和開發(fā)安全、有效的（火車）制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)),由此可知A項(xiàng)“質(zhì)量差的鐵軌和不可靠的制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfarmingbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets(在鼓勵(lì)西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)方面,鐵路（即美國(guó)的第一個(gè)橫貫大陸的鐵路）非常重要。它通過運(yùn)輸原材料和快速地把產(chǎn)品分配到更遠(yuǎn)的市場(chǎng)也幫助加強(qiáng)了工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)（的發(fā)展）),由此可知A項(xiàng)“帶來了西部工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展”正確。

3.主旨大意題。第一段提出:火車成為了美國(guó)陸地交通的最好方式,第二段講述美國(guó)第一條橫貫大陸鐵路系統(tǒng)的修建。因此B項(xiàng)“橫貫大陸的鐵路:重要的連接”適合作文章標(biāo)題。

4.判斷推理題。第二段指出:In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific(1862年,國(guó)會(huì)授權(quán)兩家西部鐵路公司建設(shè)從內(nèi)布拉斯加州往西和從加利福尼亞州往東到一個(gè)匯聚點(diǎn)的鐵路線,以便完成一條連接大西洋沿岸和太平洋地區(qū)的橫貫大陸的鐵路線),以及:Actualworkonthisprojectbeganfouryearslater(這個(gè)工程的實(shí)際工作在4年后開始),以及:In1869theymetataplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah,manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion(1869年,他們?cè)谌缃癃q他州一個(gè)名為普羅蒙特里的地方相遇,很多游客為了這偉大的吋刻而去那里),由此可知橫貫大陸的鐵路線建設(shè)時(shí)間為1866—1869年,供3年,故選D。

5.判斷推理題。第二段指出:soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific(以便完成一條連接大西洋沿岸（即文中指代的美國(guó)東海岸）和太平洋地區(qū)（即文中指代的美國(guó)西部）的橫貫大陸的鐵路線),故選C“需要連接?xùn)|海岸和西部”。

2.單選題

WesternmanishimselfbeingWesternizedbyhisownspeed-up,（）byindustrialtechnology.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asmuchtheAfricansaredetribalized

B.theAfricansaremuchbeingdetribalized

C.asmuchastheAfricansarebeingdetribalized

D.asmuchastheAfricansaredetribalized

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。as…as…“像……一樣”，此結(jié)構(gòu)前后有呼應(yīng)，前半句是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的進(jìn)行時(shí)，后半句也應(yīng)保持一致。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Thenumberofthetickets______willbedeterminedbythesizeofthestadium.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adaptable

B.acceptable

C.advisable

D.available

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.adaptable有適應(yīng)能力的；能適應(yīng)的B.acceptable認(rèn)同的；認(rèn)可的

C.advisable明智的；可取的D.available可獲得的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，句子主謂賓成分完整，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞作后置定語修飾tickets，按照句意“_____的門票數(shù)量將根據(jù)體育場(chǎng)的大小而定”可知，空格處是指“能夠獲得的”門票數(shù)量，故該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】門票的數(shù)量將根據(jù)體育場(chǎng)的大小而定。

4.單選題

Thisrestaurantisfrequently（）bytouristsbecauseofitsfamouscooking.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.patronized

B.serviced

C.attended

D.utilized

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：旅客經(jīng)常

這家餐館，因?yàn)檫@里的烹飪很有名。patronized光顧；serviced為……服務(wù)；attended參加，出席；utilized利用。故選A。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

1.TherecentspeculationincludesthepossibilitythatthefirstlivingcellsmighthavearisenonMars,seedingEarthviathemanymeteoritesthatareknowntotravelfromMarstoourplanet.

2.Veniceinvitesidlenessandstrolling.Itssilenceisrestfulanditssundialsareinscribedwithwords:Icountonlythehappyhours.

3.Failuretogreetapersonyourecognizeortoansweragreetinggiventoyouisanunkindnesstotheotherperson,andverybadmanners.

4.Everythingcanbetakenfromamanbutonething—thefreedomtochoosehisattitudeinanygivensetofcircumstances.(LeonhardFrand).

5.Thereisagrowingtrendofsendingteenagestudentsabroadtostudy—thenumberhasbeenincreasingdramatically.Theirparentsarefantasizedbymythsabouteducationofferedinforeigncountries.Theyareattractedbytheeducationalexhibitionspresentedbyforeignuniversitiesandcolleges,whichpaintmanyrosypicturesandtellmanyglowtalespromptingthemintoactions.However,sendingyoungchildrentostudyabroadmaynotpredictresultinsuccess.Manyyoungstudentslackadaptabilityandflexibility.

【答案】1.最近的推測(cè)包括第一批具有生命的細(xì)胞可能出現(xiàn)在火星上，通過很多從火星飛到地球的隕石將上面的種子播種到地球上。

2.威尼斯是人們休閑解悶、閑庭漫步的好去處，她從容寧靜，閑適悠然，連城中的日冕上都刻著這樣的銘文：只記住快樂的時(shí)光。

3.不向你認(rèn)識(shí)的人打招呼或不回應(yīng)別人的問候是不友好，也是非常不禮貌的行為。

4.任何東西都可以從一個(gè)人的身上拿走，但有一樣不行，那就是在任何特定的環(huán)境中選擇自己的生活態(tài)度的自由。（萊昂哈德?弗蘭克）

5.現(xiàn)在越來越流行送十幾歲的學(xué)生出國(guó)留學(xué)，而且這個(gè)人數(shù)也在急劇增加。他們的父母被外國(guó)提供的教育神話所迷惑。他們被外國(guó)大學(xué)和學(xué)院舉辦的教育展所吸引，這些展覽描繪了許多美好的畫面，講述了許多激勵(lì)他們采取行動(dòng)的光輝故事。然而，送孩子出國(guó)留學(xué)可能無法預(yù)測(cè)成功的結(jié)果。許多年輕學(xué)生缺乏適應(yīng)能力和靈活性。

6.單選題

Hedidnotfeelobligedto（）totherulesthatappliedtoordinarymen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confront

B.conform

C.confine

D.console

【答案】B

【解析】confront面對(duì),遭遇；conform遵守,符合；confine限制；console安慰。句意：他覺得沒有義務(wù)遵守適用于普通人的規(guī)則。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.單選題

Successatlanguageis（）ofintelligence.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amorematterofapplicationthan

B.amattermoreofapplicationthan

C.amatterofapplicationmorethan

D.moreamatterofapplicationthan

【答案】D

【解析】句意:語言的成功與其說是智力問題，不如說是應(yīng)用問題。

語法題?？疾楸容^結(jié)構(gòu)。amatterof“事關(guān)……的事”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有D項(xiàng)符合正確表達(dá)。

8.單選題

Remembertoaskfora（）ofqualityforthesegoods;otherwisetheywillnotofferanymaintenance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.warranty

B.promise

C.certificate

D.receipt

【答案】A

【解析】上下文語義。句意：記得要為這些貨物要求質(zhì)量保證；否則他們不會(huì)提供任何維修。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

9.單選題

Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ithasremainedbasicallythesame.

B.Ithasbecomebetterunderstood.

C.Ithasbeenexaggerated.

D.Ithasdecreased.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisnowthesecondleadingcauseofdeathforcentenarians.

B.Itdevelopsmoreeasilyincentenarianswhoarenotactive.

C.Itcallsformoreintensiveresearch.

D.Ithashadnoeffectivecuresofar.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theycherishtheirlifemorethanever.

B.Theirmindsfailbeforetheirbodiesdo.

C.Theirqualityoflifedeterioratesrapidly.

D.Theycaremoreabouttheirphysicalhealth.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】PassageTwo

[13]Inrecentyears,thedeathrateamongAmericancentenarians—peoplewhohavelivedtoage100orolder—hasdecreased,dropping14percentforwomenand20percentformenfrom2008to2014.Theleadingcausesofdeathinthisagegrouparealsochanging.

In2000,thetopfivecausesofdeathforcentenarianswereheartdisease,stroke,flu,cancerandAlzheimer’sdisease.Butby2014,thedeathratefromAlzheimer’sdiseaseforthisagegrouphadmorethandoubled—increasingfrom3.8percentto8.5percent—[14]makingtheprogressivebraindiseasethesecondleadingcauseofdeathforcentenarians.

OnereasonfortheriseindeathsfromAlzheimer’sdiseaseinthisgroupmaybethatdevelopingthisconditionremainspossibleevenafterpeoplebeattheoddsofdyingfromotherdiseasessuchascancer.Peoplewhoarephysicallyfitenoughtosurviveover100yearsultimatelygiveintodiseases,suchasAlzheimer’s,whichaffectsthemindandcognitivefunction.Inotherwords,[15]itappearstheirmindsgiveoutbeforetheirbodiesdo.

Ontheotherhand,thedeathratefromfludroppedfrom7.4percentin2000to4.1percentin2014.Thatpushedflufromthethirdleadingcauseofdeathtothefifth.

Overall,thetotalnumberofcentenariansisgoingup.In2014,therewere72,197centenarians,comparedto50,281in2000.Butbecausethispopulationisgettinglarger,thenumberofdeathsinthisgroupisalsoincreasing—18,434centenariansdiedin2000,whereas25,914diedin2014.

13.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheriskofdyingforAmericancentenariansinrecentyears?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于近年來美國(guó)百歲老人死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，說話人說了什么？錄音第一句話便講到，近年來，美國(guó)百歲老人的死亡率有所下降。D選項(xiàng)“它有所降低”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“它基本上保持不變”；B選項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)它有了更好的認(rèn)識(shí)”和C選項(xiàng)“它被夸大了”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

14.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutAlzheimer’sdisease?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于阿爾茨海默氏癥，說話者說了什么？錄音提到，在2000年，百歲老人五大死亡原因其中之一就包括了阿爾茨海默病。到2014年，這種漸進(jìn)的、慢性的大腦疾病已成為百歲老人的第二大死亡原因。A選項(xiàng)“它現(xiàn)在是百歲老人的第二大死亡原因”與原文表述相符，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“它在不活躍的百歲老人中更容易發(fā)生”；C選項(xiàng)“它需要更加深入的研究”和D選項(xiàng)“迄今為止沒有有效的治療方法”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

15.Whatischaracteristicofpeoplewholiveupto100yearsandbeyond?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問活到100歲以上的人有什么特點(diǎn)?錄音中提到，身體足夠健康、能活到一百歲以上的老人最終也會(huì)屈服于像阿爾茨海默氏癥這類影響心理和認(rèn)知功能的疾病，換句話說，這些老人的大腦會(huì)比他們的身體更脆弱。B選項(xiàng)中的fail是對(duì)錄音原文中g(shù)iveout的同義替換，因此B選項(xiàng)“他們的大腦比他們的身體要先衰退”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們比以往更珍惜生活”；C選項(xiàng)“他們的生活質(zhì)量迅速惡化”和D選項(xiàng)“他們更關(guān)心身體健康”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

10.單選題

SamuelSlaterwasborninBelper,England,in1768.OncompletionofhissevenyearapprenticeshipinanEnglishspinningmill,hewasapparentlysoworriedaboutthegrowth,andhencesaturation,oftheindustryintheUnitedKingdomthat,in1789,withouttheknowledgeofhisfamily,SlatertraveledtoAmericaattheageof21.Thiswasdoneinsecret;itwasillegalatthetimetoexportanythingtotheU.S.relatingtomachinery,includingengineers.Also,theU.S.wasofferingrewardsfortextileinformation.

ArrivinginNewYork,itwasnotlongbeforehelearnedoftheexperimentalworkofMosesBrownandWilliamAlmy,inPawtucket,withmoreadvancedmachinesthantheSpinningJennysusedinNewYork.Initiallywithoutanycontract,andworkingalongsidetheengineersalreadyemployedattheAlmyandBrownmill,SlatersuccessfullyreworkedaspinningframealongthelinesofArkwright’sWaterFrame.ThisthreemonthsofworkresultedinapartnershipwithAlmyandBrown.Heunderstoodthewholespinningprocessandknewwhichmachineswerevitaltooverallsuccessofamill.

However,thatmanagementtrainingandknowledgereallycameintoitsownoverthenexttwoyearsasSlaterlaboredtoeducatetheembryonictextileindustryandbusinessmeninthetechniquesthathadprovedsosuccessfulinBelper.Withoutthese,Slaterbelievedtheindustrywouldnotflourish.Inparticular,hisaimwastomaximizetheoutputfromthemachineryanddevelopthemarketplaceinordertosellalltheyarnthatcouldbeproduced.Priortothis,thephilosophyofAlmyandBrownwastoproduceonlytoorder.By1792,Slaterhadproved,throughtheuseofhisBelper-learnedmanagementtechniques,thathecouldmakespinningaprofitablebusiness.ThisledtobuildingtheOldSlaterMill—thefirstsuccessfulU.S.cottonspinningmill.Slater’sviewwastoconcentrateonaspecificaspectandspecialize.Theotherpartnersbelievedincoveringthewholetextileprocessthroughtofinishedgoods,includingknitting.Asaresult,in1797,Slaterbrokeawayandbuilthisownlargermill—theWhiteMill.FollowingthesuccessofSlater’sbusiness,thecottonindustryreallytookoffandoverthenexttenorsoyears,overeightymillsdeveloped.Slaterhasbeencalledboththe“FatherofAmericanIndustry”,andthe“FounderoftheAmericanIndustrialRevolution”.

1.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,SlaterwasattractedtotheAlmyandBrownmillbecause_______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasNOToneofSlater’saimsinhisapproachtorunningamill?

4.WhathadSlaterprovedby1792?

5.SlaterleftAlmyandBrowntoestablish______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Slater’sarrivalinAmerica

B.NewYorkandtheAlmyandBrownmill

C.Thefirstthreemonthsandachievementofapartnership

D.Slater’sunderstandingofthespinningprocess

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theywereinPawtucket

B.theywereinnovativeandhadadvancedmachines

C.hedidnothavetohaveacontract

D.theyemployedprofessionalengineers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.maximizingoutput

B.salesdevelopment

C.Belpermanagementtechniques

D.coveringthefullprocessthroughtoknittedgoods

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thathisimportedmanagementtechniquesworked.

B.ThatthephilosophyofAlmyandBrownwaswrong.

C.Thathecouldbuildhisownsuccessfulmill.

D.Thathecouldsellalltheyarnhecouldproduce.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theOldSlaterMill

B.theWhiteMill

C.overeightymills

D.tenorsomills

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“ThisthreemonthsofworkresultedinapartnershipwithAlmyandBrown.（經(jīng)過三個(gè)月的努力，斯萊特與阿爾米和布朗建立了伙伴關(guān)系。）”可知第二段主要講的是斯萊特與另外兩個(gè)工廠的合作以及取得的成就，所以C選項(xiàng)“合伙的頭三個(gè)月和成就”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“斯萊特到達(dá)美國(guó)”；B選項(xiàng)“紐約、阿爾米和布朗磨坊”；D選項(xiàng)“斯萊特對(duì)紡紗過程的理解”均不符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段“ArrivinginNewYork,itwasnotlongbeforehelearnedoftheexperimentalworkofMosesBrownandWilliamAlmy,inPawtucket,withmoreadvancedmachinesthantheSpinningJennysusedinNewYork.（到達(dá)紐約后不久，他就知道了摩西?布朗和威廉?阿爾米在波塔基特的實(shí)驗(yàn)工作，他們用的機(jī)器比紐約使用的詹妮絲紡車還要先進(jìn)。）”，由此可知是布朗和阿米爾他們的先進(jìn)機(jī)器吸引了斯萊特，所以B選項(xiàng)“他們是創(chuàng)新的且有先進(jìn)的機(jī)器”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)诓ㄋ亍?；C選項(xiàng)“他不需要簽合同”；D選項(xiàng)“他們雇傭?qū)I(yè)工程師”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Inparticular,hisaimwastomaximizetheoutputfromthemachineryanddevelopthemarketplaceinordertosellalltheyarnthatcouldbeproduced.（特別是，他的目標(biāo)是最大限度地提高機(jī)器的產(chǎn)量和發(fā)展市場(chǎng)，以銷售所有能生產(chǎn)的紗線。）”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“輸出最大化”和B選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展銷售”正確，可排除；第三段開頭提到“...asSlaterlaboredtoeducatetheembryonictextileindustryandbusinessmeninthetechniquesthathadprovedsosuccessfulinBelper.（因?yàn)樗谷R特努力向處于萌芽階段的紡織業(yè)和商人傳授在貝爾珀非常成功的技術(shù)。）”，由此可知C選項(xiàng)“貝爾珀管理技術(shù)”正確，也可排除；根據(jù)第三段“Slater’sviewwastoconcentrateonaspecificaspectandspecialize.Theotherpartnersbelievedincoveringthewholetextileprocessthroughtofinishedgoods,includingknitting.（斯萊特的觀點(diǎn)是專注于一個(gè)特定的方面并專門化。其他合作伙伴認(rèn)為應(yīng)該涵蓋整個(gè)紡織過程到成品，包括針織。）”，由此可知D選項(xiàng)“涵蓋針織產(chǎn)品的整個(gè)生產(chǎn)過程”并不是斯萊特的目的，因此該題應(yīng)選D選項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“By1792,Slaterhadproved,throughtheuseofhisBelper-learnedmanagementtechniques,thathecouldmakespinningaprofitablebusiness.（到1792年，斯萊特已經(jīng)證明，通過使用他在貝爾珀學(xué)會(huì)的管理技巧，他可以使紡紗生意有利可圖。）”，由此可知斯萊特證明了他引進(jìn)的技術(shù)能讓紡紗生意有利可圖，所以A選項(xiàng)“他引進(jìn)的管理技術(shù)有效”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“阿爾米和布朗的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的”；C選項(xiàng)“他可以建立自己成功的工廠”；D選項(xiàng)“他能賣掉他能生產(chǎn)的所有紗線”都不符合題意，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Asaresult,in1797,Slaterbrokeawayandbuilthisownlargermill—theWhiteMill.（結(jié)果，在1797年，斯萊特單飛并建立了他自己的更大的磨坊——白磨坊。）”，由此可知B選項(xiàng)“白磨坊”正確。A選項(xiàng)“老斯萊特磨坊”；C選項(xiàng)“年過八十的磨坊”以及D選項(xiàng)“大約10個(gè)磨坊”均說法錯(cuò)誤，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Atthepressconference,thePrimeMinister______thegovernment’srefusaltocompromisewithterrorists.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rectified

B.remunerated

C.reeked

D.reiterated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)rectify“改正，精餾，整流”，B項(xiàng)remunerate“酬勞，給與報(bào)酬，賠償”，C項(xiàng)reek“散發(fā)臭味，帶有令人不快（或不滿）的內(nèi)容”，D項(xiàng)reiterate“重申，反復(fù)地做”。由thegovernment’srefusaltocompromisewithterrorists“政府拒絕向恐怖分子妥協(xié)”可知，“重申”符合語境。句意：首相在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上重申了拒絕向恐怖分子妥協(xié)的立場(chǎng)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

TomJones,who（）aroundtheworld,willcometoAsianextmonth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willbetouring

B.havetoured

C.hadbeentouring

D.hasbeentouring

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，這里是已經(jīng)開始并持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，所以應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。選項(xiàng)D正確。

13.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Doingenjoyablework.

B.Earningacompetitivesalary.

C.Havingfriendlycolleagues.

D.Workingforsupportivebosses.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.20%.

B.25%.

C.31%.

D.73%.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thosefullofskilledworkers.

B.Thosethatarewellmanaged.

C.Thoserunbywomen.

D.Thoseofasmallsize.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theycanwinrecognitionoftheirwork.

B.Theycanbetterbalanceworkandlife.

C.Theycanhopfromjobtojobeasily.

D.Theycantakeonmorethanonejob.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】ConversationOne

W:WelcometoWorkplace,andintoday’sprogramwe’relookingattheresultsoftworecentlypublishedsurveys,whichbothdealwiththesametopic—happinessatwork.John,tellusaboutthefirstsurvey.

M:Well,thiswasdonebyahumanresourcesconsultancywhointerviewedmorethan1,000workers,andestablishedatop10ofthefactorswhichmakepeoplehappyatwork.[1]Themostimportantfactorforthemajorityofthepeopleinterviewedwashavingfriendly,supportivecolleagues.Infact,73%ofpeopleinterviewedputtheirrelationshipwithcolleaguesasthekeyfactorcontributingtohappinessatwork,whichisaveryhighpercentage.Thesecondmostimportantfactorwashavingworkthatisenjoyable.Thetwoleastimportantfactorswerehavingone’sachievementsrecognized,andrathersurprisingly,earningacompetitivesalary.

W:So,we’renotmainlymotivatedbymoney?

M:Apparentlynot.

W:Anyotherinterestinginformationinthesurvey?

M:Yes.Forexample,25%oftheworkingpeopleintervieweddescribedthemselvesas“veryhappy”atwork.However,[2]20%ofemployeesdescribedthemselvesasbeingunhappy.

W:That’squitealotofunhappypeopleatworkeveryday.

M:Itis,isn’tit?Andtherewereseveralmoreinterestingconclusionsrevealedbythesurvey.Firstofall,smallisbeautiful.[3]Peopledefinitelypreferworkingforsmallerorganizationsorcompanieswithlessthan100staff.Wealsofindoutthat,generallyspeaking,womenwerehappierintheirworkthanmen.

W:Yes,weare,aren’twe?

M:Andworkersonpart-timecontracts,whoonlywork4or5hoursaday,arehappierthanthosewhoworkfull-time.[4]Theresearchersconcludedthatthisisprobablyduetoabetterwork-lifebalance.

W:Arebosseshappierthantheiremployees?

M:Yes.Perhapsnotsurprisingly,thehigherpeoplegoinacompany,thehappiertheyare.Soseniormanagersenjoytheirjobsmorethanpeopleworkingunderthem.

1.Whatisthenumberonefactorthatmadeemployeeshappyaccordingtothesurvey?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問根據(jù)這項(xiàng)調(diào)查，讓員工快樂的首要因素是什么?錄音提及，大部分受訪者認(rèn)為，要有工作幸福感，最重要的因素是與友好的、能給予幫助的同事一起共事。C選項(xiàng)“與友好的同事共事”是錄音原文復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“從事令人愉快的工作”是男士提到的第二重要的因素，與題干不符，因此排除；B選項(xiàng)“獲得有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的薪水”是調(diào)查得出的兩個(gè)最不重要的因素之一，因此也可排除；D選項(xiàng)“為能給予幫助的老板工作”，這里能給予幫助的應(yīng)該是同事而不是老板，與原文表述不符，因此不正確。

2.Whatisthepercentageofthepeoplesurveyedwhofeltunhappyatwork?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問在接受調(diào)查的人中，對(duì)工作感到不快樂的比例是多少?錄音中，男士提及，有25%的受訪者認(rèn)為自己在工作中“非常愉快”，而有20%的受訪者則認(rèn)為自己在工作中不愉快。因此，A選項(xiàng)“20%”正確。B選項(xiàng)“25%”是在工作中感到非常愉快的人群所占的比例；C選項(xiàng)“31%”錄音中沒有提及；D選項(xiàng)“73%”的對(duì)象與題干不相關(guān)，也可排除。

3.Whatkindofcompaniesarepopularwithemployees?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問什么樣的公司最受員工歡迎？錄音中，男士提及調(diào)查還得出幾個(gè)有趣的結(jié)論，其中一點(diǎn)是人們更喜歡去員工在100人以下的小規(guī)模機(jī)構(gòu)或公司工作。因此D選項(xiàng)“規(guī)模小的公司”正確。A選項(xiàng)“充滿熟練工人的公司”；B選項(xiàng)“管理得當(dāng)?shù)墓尽焙虲選項(xiàng)“由女性經(jīng)營(yíng)的公司”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此可排除。

4.Whatisthepossiblereasonforpeopleonpart-timecontractstobehappier?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問簽訂兼職合同的人更快樂的可能原因是什么?錄音中男士提及，那些一天只需工作四五個(gè)小時(shí)的兼職人員，其幸福感要比那些全職員工高。研究人員得出的結(jié)論是：這可能是因?yàn)榧媛毴藛T的工作與生活有更好的平衡。B選項(xiàng)中的balanceworkandlife是錄音中work-lifebalance的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們可以贏得工作上的認(rèn)可”是對(duì)工作幸福感最不重要的兩個(gè)影響因素之一，與兼職人員的工作幸福感無關(guān)，因此排除；C選項(xiàng)“他們可以輕松地從一份工作跳槽到另一份工作”和D項(xiàng)“他們從事不止一份工作”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此也可排除。

14.單選題

LinesoflatituderunhorizontallyandareparalleltotheEquatorandlinesoflongituderunvertically.They（）attheNorthandSouthPoles.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.converge

B.convoke

C.convoy

D.convulse

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)converge“使匯聚；聚集，靠攏”；B選項(xiàng)convoke“召集”；C選項(xiàng)convoy“護(hù)航；護(hù)送”；D選項(xiàng)convulse“震撼；使劇烈震動(dòng)；使抽搐”。句意：緯度線是水平的，與赤道平行，經(jīng)線是垂直的。它們?cè)谀蠘O和北極匯合。題干中提到“Linesoflatitude緯線”、“l(fā)inesoflongitude經(jīng)線”和“attheNorthandSouthPoles在南北極”，由此可推斷出“聚集”符合語境，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Herlecturecoveredawide（）oftopics,rangingfromtheheatedcontroversytoacademicreflection.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extent

B.range

C.collection

D.number

【答案】B

【解析】句意:她的演講涉及從激烈的爭(zhēng)論到學(xué)術(shù)反思的廣泛話題。

考查名詞辨析。extent范圍；程度（尤指事物延展的范圍、高度或距離）；range范圍；幅度（尤指認(rèn)知、知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)或能力方面的范圍）;collection采集;收集;number數(shù)字;號(hào)碼。這里選擇B項(xiàng)比較合適，awiderangeoftopics表示“廣泛話題”。

16.單選題

Theleadersofthetwocountriesfeelitdesirableto（）fundsfromarmamentstohealthandeducation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.derive

B.deprive

C.dispatch

D.divert

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)derive“源自，得自”；B選項(xiàng)deprive“使喪失，剝奪”；C選項(xiàng)dispatch“派遣，發(fā)送”；D選項(xiàng)divert“轉(zhuǎn)移，使……轉(zhuǎn)向”。句意：兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人認(rèn)為，將資金從軍備（）衛(wèi)生和教育是可取的。這里表達(dá)的意思是“將資金從軍備轉(zhuǎn)向衛(wèi)生和教育”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Highgradesaresupposedto（

）academicability,butJohn'sactualperformancedidnotconfirmthis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.certify

B.clarify

C.classify

D.notify

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)certify“證明；保證”；B選項(xiàng)clarify“澄清；闡明”；C選項(xiàng)classify“分類；分等”；D選項(xiàng)notify“通知；公布”。句意：高分應(yīng)該能……學(xué)術(shù)能力，但約翰的實(shí)際表現(xiàn)并沒有證實(shí)這一點(diǎn)。后半句的“證實(shí)”也是在提示highgrade與academicability之間的邏輯關(guān)系，綜合對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可得A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

His（）brainhasworkedawayontheideaofauniversalcure.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rich

B.quick

C.productive

D.fertile

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他腦子很靈,己經(jīng)想出了一個(gè)靠譜的治療方法。

考查形容詞辨析。rich富有的,肥沃的,昂貴的;quick快的,迅速的;productive生產(chǎn)的,多產(chǎn)的,富有成效的；fertile（土地）富饒的，肥沃的；（人的頭腦）主意多，有創(chuàng)造力的；能生育的。

19.單選題

PainterFridaKahlo(1910―1954)oftenusedharrowingimagesderivedfromherMexicanheritagetoexpresssufferingcausedbyadisablingaccidentandastormymarriage.Suggestingmuchpersonalandemotionalcontent,herworks—manyofthemself-portraits—havebeenexhaustivelypsychoanalyzed,whiletheirpoliticalcontenthasbeenlessstudied.YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.

KahlowasinfluencedbyMarxism,whichappealedtomanyintellectualsinthe1920sand1930s,andbyMexicannationalism.InterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthentic