考研考博-英語-寧波職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-寧波職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Non-violentdirectactionrubs（）ofpopularopinioninordertogetitselfnoticedamidaseaofself-interest,apathyandday-to-daydistractions.

問題1選項

A.againstthegrain

B.againstthesalt

C.withagrain

D.withasalt

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題意，非暴力的直接行動違背公眾的意見，為了讓自己在自我利益、漠不關(guān)心和日常的干擾中引人注目。所以這里是指與公眾的意見相違背。選項C和D可排除。搭配“againstthegrain”的意思為“格格不入，違反意愿”。選項A符合題意。

2.單選題

（）sermonsretainedtheirpreeminenceinreligiouslifeduringmostofthetwentiethcentury,theyaregraduallylosingthatcentralplacesaschurchesdevotemoreenergytosocialactivities.

問題1選項

A.As

B.For

C.While

D.Although

【答案】D

【解析】考查邏輯知識。前半句中“sermonsretainedtheirpreeminence”表示肯定意義，后半句提到“theyaregraduallylosingthatcentralplaces”，可知語氣出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折。因此D選項符合題意。

3.單選題

Formanypeopletoday,readingisnolongerrelaxation.Tokeepuptheirworktheymustreadletters,reports,tradepublications,interofficecommunications,nottomentionnewspapersandmagazines:anever-endingfloodofwords.In（1）ajoboradvancinginone,theabilitytoreadandcomprehend（2）canmeanthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.Yettheunfortunatefactisthatmostofusare（3）readers.Mostofusdeveloppoorreading（4）atanearlyage,andnevergetoverthem.Themaindeficiency（5）intheactualstuffoflanguageitself—words.Takenindividually,wordshave（6）meaninguntiltheyarestrungtogetherintophrases,sentencesandparagraphs.（7）,however,theuntrainedreaderdoesnotreadgroupsofwords.Helaboriouslyreadsonewordatatime,oftenregressingto（8）wordsorpassages.Regression,thetendencytolookbackover（9）youhavejustread,isacommonbadhabitinreading.Anotherhabitwhich（10）downthespeedofreadingisvocalization—soundingeachwordeitherorallyormentallyas（11）reads.

Toovercomethesebadhabits,somereadingclinicsuseadevicecalledan（12）,whichmovesabar(orcurtain)downthepageatapredeterminedspeed.Thebarissetataslightlyfasterrate（13）thereaderfindscomfortable,inorderto“stretch”him.Theacceleratorforcesthereadertoreadfast,（14）word-by-wordreadingimpossible.Regressionandsub-vocalization,practicallyimpossible.Atfirst（15）issacrificedforspeed.Butwhenyoulearntoreadideasandconcepts,youwillnotonlyreadfaster,（16）yourcomprehensionwillimprove.Manypeoplehavefound（17）readingskilldrasticallyimprovedaftersometraining.（18）CharlceAu,abusinessmanager,forinstance,hisreadingratewasareasonablygood172wordsaminute（19）theraining,nowitisanexcellent1378wordsaminute.Heisdelightedthathowhecan（20）alotmorereadingmaterialinashortperiodoftime.

問題1選項

A.applying

B.doing

C.offering

D.getting

問題2選項

A.quickly

B.easily

C.roughly

D.decidedly

問題3選項

A.good

B.curious

C.poor

D.urgent

問題4選項

A.training

B.habits

C.situations

D.custom

問題5選項

A.lies

B.combines

C.touches

D.involves

問題6選項

A.some

B.alot

C.little

D.dull

問題7選項

A.Fortunately

B.Infact

C.Logically

D.Unfortunately

問題8選項

A.reuse

B.reread

C.rewrite

D.recite

問題9選項

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.if

問題10選項

A.scales

B.cuts

C.slows

D.measures

問題11選項

A.someone

B.one

C.he

D.reader

問題12選項

A.accelerator

B.actor

C.amplifier

D.observer

問題13選項

A.then

B.as

C.beyond

D.than

問題14選項

A.enabling

B.leading

C.making

D.indicating

問題15選項

A.meaning

B.comprehension

C.gist

D.regression

問題16選項

A.but

B.nor

C.or

D.for

問題17選項

A.our

B.your

C.their

D.sucha

問題18選項

A.Lookat

B.Take

C.Make

D.Consider

問題19選項

A.for

B.in

C.after

D.before

問題20選項

A.master

B.goover

C.present

D.getthrough

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:A

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:B

第19題:D

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)原文可知，這里是說“在找工作或升職的過程中……”選項D最符合語境。apply一般和介詞for連用；do表示“做”；offer表示“提供”，均不符合原文。

2.考查副詞辨析。A選項quickly“快速地”；B選項easily“容易地”；C選項roughly“粗糙地”；D選項decidedly“果斷地”。根據(jù)句意“閱讀和理解的能力是關(guān)系到成敗的關(guān)鍵”，選項A最符合句意。

3.考查上下文語義。A選項good“好的”；B選項curious“好奇的”；C選項poor“貧窮的，匱乏的”；D選項urgent“緊急的”。根據(jù)“Yettheunfortunatefact”以及“Mostofusdeveloppoorreading”可知，前后應(yīng)該是相反的情況，也就是說大多數(shù)人都不擅長閱讀。所以選項C正確。

4.考查名詞辨析。A選項training“訓(xùn)練”；B選項habits“習(xí)慣”；C選項situations“狀況”；D選項custom“習(xí)俗”。根據(jù)句意“我們大多數(shù)人在很小的時候就養(yǎng)成了不好的閱讀習(xí)慣，并且從來沒有改掉?！边x項B符合句意。

5.考查動詞辨析。A選項liein“在于”；B選項combine一般和介詞with搭配；C選項touchin“增改”；D選項involvein“涉及，卷入”。根據(jù)句意“其最主要的缺點在于語言本身的實際內(nèi)容——詞。”選項A符合句意。

6.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)句意“單獨來看，單詞本身幾乎沒有意義，只有當(dāng)串聯(lián)成短語、句子和段落時才有意義?！北硎編缀鯖]有意義用“l(fā)ittle”，所以選項C符合句意。

7.考查上下文語義。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞however可知，這里是表示轉(zhuǎn)折的情況。上文提及單詞本身沒有意義，所以這里想表達(dá)“不幸的是，未經(jīng)訓(xùn)練的讀者不會閱讀句群?！边x項D符合語境。

8.考查動詞辨析。A選項reuse“重復(fù)使用”；B選項reread“重讀”；C選項rewrite“重寫”；D選項recite“背誦”。根據(jù)原文可知，未經(jīng)訓(xùn)練的讀者費勁地一次讀一個單詞，并且經(jīng)常退回去重讀單詞或段落。選項B符合語境。

9.考查關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)句意“倒退，也就是回頭看剛讀過的東西的傾向，是閱讀中常見的壞習(xí)慣?！碧羁仗幦鄙俚脑~引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句并且在從句中做主語成分，只有選項A符合要求。

10.考查詞組辨析。A選項scaledown“按比例減少”；B選項cutdown“削減”；C選項slowdown“減速”；D選項measure“測量”，一般不和介詞down搭配。根據(jù)原文可知，這里是在講述另一個降低閱讀速度的壞習(xí)慣，選項C符合語境。

11.考查上下文語義。破折號后面的句子是對“vocalization”的解釋，發(fā)聲是指一個人在閱讀的時候，口頭上或心里讀出每一個單詞。所以這里應(yīng)該用one來指代“任何一個人”，選項B正確。

12.考查名詞辨析。A選項accelerator“加速器”；B選項actor“演員，行動者”；C選項amplifier“放大器，擴音器”；D選項observer“觀察者”。which后面引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句是對填空處的解釋說明。根據(jù)句意“將條子(或簾子)以預(yù)定的速度沿書頁向下移動”，再結(jié)合上下文可知，這種設(shè)備是用來提高閱讀速度的，所以選項A符合語境。

13.考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“faster”可知，這里應(yīng)該使用比較級；再根據(jù)句意“為了‘伸展’讀者的閱讀能力，書中的條子設(shè)置得比讀者感到舒服的速度稍快一些。”由此可知，只有選項D符合句意。

14.考查動詞辨析。A選項enable“使能夠”；B選項lead“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，導(dǎo)致”；C選項make“使得”；D選項indicate“表明”。根據(jù)句意“加速器迫使讀者快速閱讀，使逐字閱讀成為不可能?！眒akesth.impossible“使...成為不可能”，選項C正確。

15.考查名詞辨析。A選項meaning“意義”；B選項comprehension“理解”；C選項gist“主旨，要點”；D選項regression“倒退，復(fù)原”。根據(jù)原文可知，閱讀速度提高了，相對應(yīng)犧牲的是對文章的理解，所以選項B符合語境。

16.考查固定句型搭配。notonly…but(also)…為固定句型，意為“不僅…而且…”，這里是說“當(dāng)你學(xué)會閱讀思想和概念時，你不僅會讀得更快，而且你的理解力也會提高?！彼赃x項A正確。

17.考查代詞辨析。句子的主語是“Manypeople”，所以這里應(yīng)使用代詞their，所以選項C正確。

18.考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“forinstance”可知，這里是以CharlceAu為例，對作者提出的觀點進(jìn)行論證。以…為例用介詞“take”，所以選項B正確。

19.考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知，這里表達(dá)的是“在訓(xùn)練之前，CharlceAu的閱讀速度是1分鐘172字”，所以選項D正確。

20.考查動詞辨析。A選項master“精通，掌握”；B選項goover“復(fù)習(xí)，重溫”；C選項present“贈送，展現(xiàn)”；D選項getthrough“完成，到達(dá)”。根據(jù)句意“他很高興他能在短時間內(nèi)讀完更多的閱讀材料?！边x項D符合語境。

4.單選題

Theplanthasbeen（

）ofthemoneyitneedsformodernization.

問題1選項

A.deleted

B.extracted

C.deprived

D.convinced

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。delete“刪除”；extract“提??；榨取”；deprive“使喪失，剝奪”；convince“說服；使確信，使信服”。句意：該工廠已經(jīng)喪失其進(jìn)行現(xiàn)代化所需的資金。選項C符合題意。

5.單選題

Ourtroubleliesinasimpleconfusion,onetowhicheconomistshavebeenpronesincethebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution.Growthandecologyoperatebydifferentrules.Economiststendtoassumethateveryproblemofscarcitycanbesolvedbysubstitution,byreplacingtunawithtilapia，withoutfactoringinthelong-termenvironmentalimplicationsofeither.Butwhereaseconomiesmightexpand,ecosystemsdonot.Theychange—pinegiveswaytooak,coyotesarriveinNewEngland—andtheyreproducethemselves,buttheydonotincreaseinextentorabundanceyearafteryear.Mosteconomiststhinkofscarcityasalaborproblem,imaginingthatonlyenergyandtechnologyplacelimitsonproduction.Toharvestmorewood,buildabetterchainsaw；topumpmoreoil，drillmorewells；togetmorefood,inventpest-resistantplants.

Thatlogicthrivedonnewfrontiersandmoreintensiveproduction,anditheldofftheprophetsofscarcity—fromThomasRobertMalthustoPaulEhrlich—whosepredictionsoffamineandshortagehavenotcometopass.TheAgriculturalRevolutionthatbeganinseventeenth-centuryEnglandradicallyincreasedtheamountoffoodthatcouldbegrownonanacreofland,andthesamehappenedinthe1960sand1970s,whenfertilizerandhybridizedseedsarrivedinIndiaandMexico.Butthepicturelooksentirelydifferentwhenwechangethescale.Industrialsocietyisroughly250yearsold:makethelasttenthousandyearsequaltotwenty-fourhours,andwehavebeenproducingconsumergoodsandCO2foronlythelastthirty-sixminutes.Dothesameforthepast1millionyearsofhumanevolution,andeverythingfromthesteamenginetothesearchenginefitsintothepasttwenty-oneseconds.Ifwearenotcareful,huntingandgatheringwilllooklikeafarmoresuccessfulstrategyofsurvivalthaneconomicgrowth.Thelatterhaschangedsomuchabouttheearthandhumansocietiesinsolittletimethatitmakesmoresensetobecautiousthantriumphant.

Althoughfoodscarcity,whenitoccurs,isalocalizedproblem,otherkindsofscarcityarealreadyhere.Groundwaterisalarminglylowinregionsallovertheworld,butthemostimmediatethreattogrowthissurelypetroleum.

1.Economistsareproneto（

）.

2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofecosystems?

3.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthepredictionsmadebyThomasRobertMalthusandPaulEhrlich?

4.Whathappenedinthe1960sand1970s?

5.Thepurposeofmentioningthesearchengineistoshow

（

）.

6.Thelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphimpliesthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.emphasizethedifferencesbetweeneconomicgrowthandscarcity

B.seeeconomyfromanecologicalperspective

C.ignoretheenvironmentalimpactofeconomicgrowth

D.usedifferentapproachestoeconomicsandecology

問題2選項

A.Theymaydeteriorate.

B.Theymaybenefitfromtheeconomy.

C.Theyareassociatedwithproductivity.

D.Theyarecloselyrelatedtotechnology.

問題3選項

A.Theyprovedtobeuseful.

B.Theyhavenotcometrue.

C.Theyprovedtobeaccurate.

D.Theyhavenotdrawnenoughattention.

問題4選項

A.LandexpansionoccurredinMexico.

B.FertilizerbegantobeusedinEngland.

C.HybridizedplantsweregrownintheUS.

D.FoodproductionincreasedinIndia.

問題5選項

A.thehighspeedofmodemmachines

B.technologicalprogress

C.popularinterestintheInternet

D.theeconomicimpactofinformationtechnology

問題6選項

A.economicgrowthhasreducedbiodiversityworldwide

B.peopleandnatureshouldcoexistinharmony

C.peopleshouldbeproudoftheirpositioninnature

D.economicgrowthhaschangedtheecosystemrapidly

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第一段。根據(jù)“…withoutfactoringinthelong-termenvironmentalimplications...(經(jīng)濟學(xué)家并沒有考慮到經(jīng)濟發(fā)展對環(huán)境及生態(tài)的長期影響。)”,即可進(jìn)行合理推斷，從而得出本題答案。

2.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第一段。根據(jù)“Butwhereaseconomiesmightexpand,ecosystemsdonot.(但是，盡管經(jīng)濟可能會擴張，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)卻不會。)”即可得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“whosepredictionsoffamineandshortagehavenotcometopass.(他們關(guān)于饑荒和短缺的預(yù)言并沒有實現(xiàn)。)”即可得出本題答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“TheAgriculturalRevolutionthatbeganinseventeenth-centuryEnglandradicallyincreasedtheamountoffoodthatcouldbegrownonanacreofland,andthesamehappenedinthe1960sand1970s(始于17世紀(jì)英格蘭的農(nóng)業(yè)革命極大地提高了一英畝土地上的糧食產(chǎn)量，20世紀(jì)60年代和70年代也發(fā)生了同樣的事情，),”即可得出本題答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第二段倒數(shù)第三句。根據(jù)“Dothesameforthepast1millionyearsofhumanevolution,andeverythingfromthesteamenginetothesearchenginefitsintothepasttwenty-oneseconds.(在過去100萬年的人類進(jìn)化過程中，同樣的事情也會發(fā)生，從蒸汽機到搜索引擎，所有的一切都能在過去的21秒內(nèi)完成。)”即可進(jìn)行合理推斷，從而得出本題答案。

6.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干將信息點定位至原文第二段最后一句。根據(jù)“haschangedsomuchabouttheearthandhumansocietiesinsolittletime(在這么短的時間里，地球和人類社會發(fā)生了巨大的變化)”即可得出本題答案。

6.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandputyouranswersonAnswerSheet.

TheTombSweepingDayisoneofthetraditionalChineseholidays.IttypicallyfallsonApril4,5,or6ofthesolarcalendar.Thisfestivalwasoriginallycelebratedfortherevivalofnature.Itmarkedthebeginningoftheplantingseasonandotheroutdooractivities.Atthattime,peoplecelebrateditwithdancing,singing,picnics,andspringouting.Lateritgraduatedintoadaytohonorpastancestors.Today,alltheChinesesweeptheirlateancestors’tombswhenthefestivalcomes.Tombsweepingactivitiesusuallyincludeweedingandearthingupthetombs,offeringsacrifices,burningspiritmoney,shootingofffirecrackersandsoon.

【答案】清明節(jié)是中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日之一。它通常是在陽歷的4月4日、5日或6日。這個節(jié)日最初是為了慶祝大自然的復(fù)興并且標(biāo)志著種植季節(jié)和其他戶外活動的開始。在這個節(jié)日里，人們以跳舞、唱歌、野餐和春游來慶祝它。后來它逐漸演變成紀(jì)念祖先的日子。如今，每逢清明節(jié)來臨，所有的中國人都會為先人掃墓。掃墓活動通常包括除草、掘土、祭祀、燒紙錢、放鞭炮等。

7.翻譯題

Politiciansandthepublicarequicktoblamecollegefacultymembersforthedeclineinlearning,butprofessors—likeallteachers—areworkinginacontextthathasbeencreatedlargelybyothers:

Fewpeopleoutsideofhighereducationunderstandhowlittlecontrolprofessorsactuallyhaveoverwhatstudentscanlearn.

Herearesomereasons:

Lackofstudentpreparation.Increasingly,undergraduatesarenotpreparedadequatelyinanyacademicareabutoftenarrivewithstrongconvictionsabouttheirabilities.Socollegeprofessorsroutinelyencounterstudentswhohaveneverwrittenanythingmorethanshortanswersonexams,whodonotreadmuchatall，wholackfoundationalskillsinmathandscience，yetarecompletelyconvincedoftheirabilitiesandresistanycriticismoftheirwork，tothepointofangerandtears:“ButIearnednothingbutA’sinhighschool,”and“Yourdemandsareunreasonable.”Suchacombinationmakessomestudentsnearlyunteachable.

Gradeinflation.Ithasbecomedifficulttogivestudentshonestfeedback.Theslightestcriticismshavetobecushionedbyawarmblanketofpraiseandencouragementtoavoidprovokingoppositionaldefianceorcompletebreakdowns.

Asaresult,studentprogressisslowed,sharply.Rubric-drivenapproachesgivetheappearanceofobjectivitybutmakegradingseemlikeamatterofchecklists,which,ifcompleted,mustensureanA.Increasingly，time-pressuredcollegeteachersaskthemselves，“Whatgradewillensurenocomplaintfromthestudent，orworse，abattleoverwhethertheinstructionsforanassignmentwereclearenough?”So，thenumberofA-rangegradeskeepsgoingup,andthemotivationforstudentstoexcelkeepsgoingdown.

Studentretention.Asthecollege-agepopulationdeclines,manytuition-driveninstitutionsstruggletofindenoughpayingcustomerstobalancetheirbudgets.Thatmakesitnecessarytorecruitevenmoreunpreparedstudents，whothenmustberetained，shiftingtheburdenforacademicsuccessawayfromthestudentandontotheteacher.

Facultymemberscanworkwithanindividualstudent，iftheyhavetime，butthecapabilitiesofthestudentpopulationasawholedefinetheaveragelevelofrigorthatissustainableintheclassroom.Atsomeinstitutions,graduationratesaresohighbecausetheacademicexpectationsaresolow.Failingalotofstudentsisaseriousrisk,financially,forthecollegeandtheprofessor.

【答案】因此，大學(xué)教授遇到的學(xué)生往往是這樣的：除了會在試卷上寫簡要答案之外，從不動筆寫任何東西，不怎么讀書，缺乏基本的數(shù)理技能，卻對自己的能力信心滿滿，還拒絕接受任何針對其作業(yè)的批評，甚至到了大哭大鬧的地步。

稍加批評，就得施以各種贊美鼓勵來緩和，以防引發(fā)對立情緒，或者情緒完全崩潰。

由于時間壓力，越來越多的大學(xué)老師自問：“給學(xué)生什么樣的成績才能保證他們不抱怨，更糟糕的是，才不會因為作業(yè)要求是否清晰而引發(fā)紛爭?”

因此，就不得不招進(jìn)更多不合要求的學(xué)生，還不得不留下他們，從而將爭取學(xué)業(yè)成功的負(fù)擔(dān)從學(xué)生身上轉(zhuǎn)嫁到老師身上。

如果有時間，教師可以進(jìn)行單獨輔導(dǎo)。但是學(xué)生的整體能力決定了在課堂上能夠嚴(yán)格要求他們的程度。

8.翻譯題

1.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese(5marks)

One-thirdoftheUSphysiciansareover65,andthatproportionisexpectedtorise.Asdoctorsinthebabyboomgenerationreach65,manyareunderincreasingfinancialpressuresthatmakethemreluctanttoretire.Manydoctors,ofcourse,retaintheirskillsandsharpnessofmindintotheir70sandbeyond.ButphysiciansarehardlyimmunetoParldnson’sdisease,strokeandotherillsofaging.Andsomeexpertswarnthattherearetoofewsafeguardstoprotectpatientsagainstthosewhoshouldnolongerbepracticing.“Myguessisthatpeoplethinkthereissomefail-safemechanismtoprotectthemfromincompetentphysicians”,Dr.Norcrosssaid.“Thereisnot.”

【答案】三分之一的美國醫(yī)生年齡在65歲以上，這一比例預(yù)計還會上升。隨著嬰兒潮一代的醫(yī)生年滿65歲，許多人面臨著越來越大的經(jīng)濟壓力，因此不愿退休。當(dāng)然，許多醫(yī)生在70多歲以后仍然保持著他們的技能和敏銳的頭腦。但是醫(yī)生很難對帕爾登森病、中風(fēng)和其他衰老疾病免疫。一些專家警告說，保護(hù)病人免受那些不應(yīng)該再執(zhí)業(yè)的人傷害的保障措施太少了。諾克羅斯博士說：“我的猜測是，人們認(rèn)為有某種故障安全機制可以保護(hù)他們免受不稱職的醫(yī)生的傷害。然而，實際上是沒有的?！?/p>

9.單選題

Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Aman,withoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation,modernstates“invest”ininstitutionsoflearningtogetback“interest”intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,ispunctuatedbytextbooks—thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom—whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefits?

Somuchiscertain:thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreachers,lawyersanddefendants,marriagesandbirths;butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstresson“factsandfigures”andmoreonagoodmemory,onappliedpsychology,andonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellow-citizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticformof“college”imaginable.Amongthepeoplewhomweliketocallsavagesallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequallyequippedforlife.

Itistheidealconditionofthe“equalstart”whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.Inprimitiveculturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionisbindingtoall.Thereareno“illiterates”一ifthetermcanbeappliedtopeoplewithoutascript—whileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEngland1876,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof“civilized”nations.Thisshowshowlongitwasbeforewedeemeditnecessarytomakesurethatallourchildrencouldshareintheknowledgeaccumulatedbythe“happyfew”duringthepastcenturies.

Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrywhich,inoursociety,oftenhampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.There,achildgrowsupundertheever-presentattentionofhisparents,thereforethejunglesandthegrasslandsknowofno“juveniledelinquency”.Nonecessityofmakingalivingawayfromhomeresultsinneglectofchildrenandnofatherisconfrontedwithhisinabilityto“buy”aneducationforhischild.

1.Theword“interest”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorseemstobe（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis（

）.

問題1選項

A.pleasure

B.returns

C.share

D.knowledge

問題2選項

A.againsttheeducationintheveryearlyhistorictimes

B.infavoroftheeducationalpracticeinprimitivecultures

C.quitehappytoseeanequalstartforeveryone

D.positiveaboutourpresenteducationalinstruction

問題3選項

A.theaimof“equalstart”hasalreadybeenreachedamongsavages

B.savagesinancienttimesaremorecivilizedthanmodernpeople

C.themoderneducationsystemismoredemocraticthanbefore

D.therearenoilliteratesincivilizednationsintoday’ssociety

問題4選項

A.Educationcan’tworkwithoutthebenefitsoftextbooks.

B.Wehavenotyetdecidedonoureducationalmodels.

C.Compulsoryschoolingisnotexistentinallnations.

D.Ourspiritualoutlookisbetternowthanbefore.

問題5選項

A.EducationandModernCivilization

B.TheSignificanceofModernEducation

C.EducationalInvestmentandtheProfitItBrings

D.Education:AComparisonbetweenPastandPresent

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)原文句意：由于深信教育的重要性，現(xiàn)代國家“投資”于學(xué)習(xí)機構(gòu)，培養(yǎng)一大批開明的，有可能成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的青年男女，以此來獲得“回報”?！癷nvest”和“interest”相對應(yīng)，所以選項B正確。

2.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Itistheidealconditionofthe“equalstart”whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.”這是“平等起步”的理想狀態(tài)，只有我們最先進(jìn)的現(xiàn)代教育形式才試圖恢復(fù)這種理想狀態(tài)。由此可以推斷，作者似乎贊同原始文化中的平等教育傳統(tǒng)，所以選項B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的最后兩句，在我們喜歡稱之為野蠻人的人群中，所有由傳統(tǒng)繼承的知識都為所有人所共享;它被教導(dǎo)給部落的每一個成員，因此在這方面，每個人都是平等地為生活做好準(zhǔn)備。由此可知，野蠻人已經(jīng)達(dá)到了“平等起步”的目標(biāo)，所以選項A正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段“...ourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEngland1876,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof“civilized”nations.”德國于1642年將義務(wù)教育列入法律條文，法國在1806年，英國是在1876年，但是在一些“文明”國家仍然不存在。由此可知，并非所有的國家都有義務(wù)教育，選項C符合原文。

5.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要將過去的教育和現(xiàn)代的教育進(jìn)行對比，指出現(xiàn)代教育的不足之處，選項D最能概括全文，所以正確。

10.不定項選擇題

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessionandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak,theU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneofprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotive-assemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexamininghousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry’swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavetosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficientconditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn’tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries________.

2.Amajordifferencebet