植保方面的專業(yè)詞匯

1、111/111植物病理學詞匯1) abacterial 無菌的 2) abiotic 無生命的3) abiotic 非生物的 4) acidic 酸性的 5) acquired resistance 獲得抗病性 6) acquired susceptibility 獲得感病性 7) actinomyces 放線菌 8) active ingredient 有效成分 9) agroecosystem 農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng) 10) agronomic 農(nóng)藝學的, 農(nóng)事的 11) amino acid 氨基酸 12) analysis of covariance 協(xié)方差分析13) analysis of v

2、ariance 方差分析14) anatomy 剖析, 解剖學 15) anoxic 厭氧的 16) anthesis 開花期17) 開花 18) antibiotics 抗生素, 19) antibody 抗體 20) antigen 抗原 21) antitumor 抗癌的 22) apoplastic 非原質(zhì)體的 23) ascomycetes 子囊菌 ascus 子囊24) asexual 無性的 25) avirulence 無毒性 26) bacterin 疫苗 vaccine 疫苗27) bacteria 細菌 28) bactericides 殺細菌劑 29) basidiom

3、ycetes 擔子菌 30) biomass 生物數(shù)量 31) biosynthesis 生物合成 32) biotroph 活體營養(yǎng) 33) biotype 生物型 34) blast 枯萎病 wilt 萎蔫35) blight 枯萎病，36) 疫病 37) botanical 植物學的 botany 植物學39) causal agents 病原體 causative agents 病原體40) causal organism 病原生物 41) chlamydospore 厚垣孢子 42) chlorophyll 葉綠素 43) chlorothalonil (daconil) 百菌清 4

4、4) chromosome 染色體 45) coevolution 協(xié)同，進化 47) colonization 移植49) cultivar 栽培品種 50) cytogenetics 細胞遺傳學 51) cytokinetic 細胞動力學的 52) cytoplasm 細胞質(zhì) plasma 原生質(zhì)，細胞質(zhì)53) deactivation 滅活作用 54) degradation 退化 55) derosal/carbendazim 多菌靈benomyl 苯菌靈thiophanate-methyl 甲基硫菌靈 benzimidazole苯并咪唑56) detection 鑒定 57) det

5、oxification 脫毒 58) dextrose 葡萄糖 59) diagnostic 診斷的 60) diagnostics 診斷學 61) diapause 滯育(昆蟲生長的停滯期)，間歇期 62)dicotyledonous 雙子葉的 63) dicotyledon 雙子葉植物 65) disease-resistant cultivar 抗病品種 66) dormancy 冬眠 67) dose 劑量 68) downy mildews 霜霉69) economic thresholds 經(jīng)濟閾值 70) ectoparasite 皮外寄生物, 外寄生蟲 71) electrop

6、horesis 電泳 72) endoparasitic 內(nèi)部寄生的 73) enzyme 酶 74) epidemiology 流行病學 75) epiphytotics 植物流行?。ǖ模?79) evolutionary 進化 80) fatal temperature 致死溫度 81) fauna 動物群, 動物區(qū)系, 動物志82) fermentation 發(fā)酵 83) flagellum 鞭毛 84) fungi 真菌 85) fungicides 殺真菌劑 86) genera 屬 87) genome 基因組,染色體組 89) genomic library 基因組庫 90) g

7、enotype 基因型 91) habitat 生境 92) herbicide 除草劑 93) hereditary 遺傳的 94) heterozygous 雜合的 95) hormone 荷爾蒙,激素 96) hybrid 雜交，雜種的 98) hydrophilic 親水的 99) hydrophobic 疏水的 100) hypersensitive 過敏的 101) hypha 菌絲 102) immunology 免疫學 103) in vitro 體外 104) in vivo 體內(nèi) 105) inbreeding 近親交配 106) induced mutation 誘導突變

8、 107) inducible 可誘導的，可導致的 109) infection cycle 侵染循環(huán) 110) infection processs 侵染過程 111) infective 可侵染的，有傳染性的 113) inhibition zone 抑菌圈 114) inoculate 接種，嫁接 116) inoculum 接種體 117) inorganic 無機的 118) interferon 干擾素 119) invasion 入侵 120) invertebrate 無脊椎動物 121) isotope 同位素 123) larva 幼蟲 124) lethal dose 致

9、死中量 125) mammalian 哺乳動物 126) matrix 矩陣 127) metabolic 代謝作用的, 新陳代謝的 128) metabolite 代謝物 129) microbial 微生物的，由細菌引起的 131) micronutrient 微量營養(yǎng)素 132) microscopic 用顯微鏡可見的 133) mildethane/thiophanate 托布津134) mildew 霉病 135) mitochondria 線粒體 136) mold 霉，霉菌138) molecular 分子的，由分子組成的 140) monoclonal antibody 單克隆

10、抗體 141) monocotyledonous 單子葉植物的 143) morphology 形態(tài)學 145) mortality 死亡率 146) mosaic 花葉 147) multinucleate (細胞等)多核的 148) mutant 突變異種 149) mutation 突變 150) mutualism 互惠共生 151) mycelium 菌絲體(復數(shù)mycelia) 153) mycotoxin 真菌毒素 154) necrotic 壞死的 155) nematicide 殺線蟲劑 156) nematode 線蟲 157) normal saline 生理鹽水 158

11、) oomycetes 卵菌 159) oviposition 產(chǎn)卵 160) parasite 寄生蟲，食客 162) parasitism 寄生 163) parthenogenesis 單性生殖, 孤雌生殖 164) passive resistance 被動抗性 165) Pasteurization 巴氏滅菌法 166) pathogenicity 病原性，致病性 167) pathogens 病原體(物) 168) pathology 病理學 169) penetrate 滲透 170) pesticide 殺蟲劑 171) pesticide residue 農(nóng)藥殘留 172)

12、phenology 物候?qū)W 173) phenotype 顯型 174) photosynthesis 光合作用 175) phylogeny 系統(tǒng)學，系統(tǒng)發(fā)育 177) phytocentric 植物群落 179) phytocide 植物殺菌素 181) phytohormone 植物生長素 183) phytopathology 植物病理學 185) phytotoxic 植物性毒素的 187) pollination 傳粉, 授粉(作用) 188) polyclonal antibody 雙克隆抗體 189) polygenic 多基因的 190) polymorphism 多型現(xiàn)象

13、191) postharvest 收割期后的 192) potential host 潛伏寄主 193) probe 探針 194) proliferation 增殖 195) propagule 繁殖體 196) protist 原生生物 197) protoplast 原生質(zhì)體 198) quarantine 檢疫 199) reciprocal 互惠的 200) resistance 抗藥性 201) rodenticide 滅鼠劑 202) root-knot nematode 根結線蟲 203) rotozoan 原生動物 204) secretion 分泌，分泌物(液)206) s

14、egregate 隔離 207) sensitivety 敏感性 208) serology 血清學 209) silborne 土傳的 210) smut 黑粉病 211) soilborne 土壤帶有的，土壤傳播的 212) sporangium 孢子囊 213) sporosorus 休眠孢子堆 214) stochastic 隨機的 215) strains 菌株 216) stripe 斑紋， 條紋 218) sublethal dose 亞致死中量 219) sustainable agriculture 可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè) 220) symbiosis 共生關系 221) symposi

15、a 座談會, 評論集 222) symptomology 癥狀學 223) target 靶子，標的 226) taxonomy 分類學（法） 227) template 模板 228) therapeutics 治療學、療法 229) threshold 臨界值 230) toxicity 毒性的 231) toxigenic 產(chǎn)毒的 232) transgenic 轉(zhuǎn)基因的 233) tumor 瘤 234) ultrastructural 超微的 235) vaccine 疫苗 236) vector 介體 237) virion 病毒粒子 238) virological 病毒學的 2

16、39) virulence 毒力，毒性 241) virus 病毒 242) vivo 活潑的 243) wilt 萎蔫病 244) winter spore 越冬孢子 245) zoospore 游動孢子植物病理學詞匯網(wǎng)站（有單個詞匯的發(fā)音） HYPERLINK ://glossary/Defs_A.htm ://glossary/Defs_A.htm#The%20A%27s把#號后的單詞修改后，可直接到需查的單詞 HYPERLINK :/ /glossa

17、ry/Defs_A.htm :/ /glossary/Defs_A.htm#abaxial農(nóng)藥學詞匯1) acaricide 殺螨劑 2) acetate 醋酸鹽，醋酸纖維素與其制成的產(chǎn)品 3) acetyltransferase 乙?；D(zhuǎn)移酶 4) acidify 使酸化 5) activator 催化劑，觸媒劑 6) acute toxicity 急性毒性 7) adult 成蟲 8) affinity 親和力 9) aldehyde 醛 10) alkaloid 生物堿 11) amino 氨基的 12) analysis of covarian

18、ce 協(xié)方差分析13) analysis of variance 方差分析14) antibiotics 抗生素 15) antifeedant 拒食 16) antigen 抗原 17) aphid 蚜蟲 18) arthropod 節(jié)肢動物 19) avirulence 無毒性 20) bacterin 疫苗 21) bactericides 殺細菌劑 22) bioassay 生物測定 23) biocontrol 生物防除 24) biological control 生物防治 25) biosynthesis 生物合成 26) biotic pesticide 生物殺蟲劑 27) b

19、iotype 生物型 28) botanical pesticide 植物源殺蟲劑 30) broad spectrum pesticide 廣譜殺蟲劑 31) carbohydrate 碳水化合物 32) carbonyl 羰基；碳酰 33) carcinogenicity 致癌性 34) causal agents 病原體 35) chiller 冷卻器 36) chloroform 氯仿 37) chlorothalonil (daconil) 百菌清 38) chronic 慢性 39) coagulation 凝結物 40) concentration 濃度,濃縮 41) const

20、ant temperature 恒溫 42) contact pesticide 觸殺性農(nóng)藥 43) cytokinin 細胞分裂素 44) deactivation 滅活作用 45) derivative 衍生物 46) derosal 多菌靈 47) desorption 解吸附作用 48) detoxification 脫毒 49) development rate 發(fā)育速度 50) development zero 發(fā)育起點 51) diamondback moth 小菜蛾 52) diapause 滯育 53) digenesis 世代交替 54) disease-resistant

21、 cultivar 抗病品種 55) disinfectant 消毒劑 56) dissect 解剖 57) disulfide 二硫化物(=disulphide) 58) ecdysone 蛻皮激素 59) economic threshold 經(jīng)濟閾值 60) egg/ovum 卵 61) electrophoresis 電泳 62) endotoxin 內(nèi)毒素 63) entomology 昆蟲學 64) entomophagous insect 食蟲昆蟲65) enzyme 酶 66) epidemiology 流行病學 67) ethylene 乙烯 68) exotic speci

22、es 外來的物種 69) fatal temperature 致死溫度 70) fauna 動物群,動物區(qū)系,動物志 71) fecundity 生殖力，產(chǎn)卵力 73) feign death 假死 74) fermentation 發(fā)酵 75) flammable 易燃的 76) flavonod 類黃銅 77) formulation 劑型 78) fumigant 熏劑 79) fungicides 殺真菌劑 80) galactosyltransferase 乳化轉(zhuǎn)移酶 81) glycol 乙二醇 82) granular pesticide 粒狀農(nóng)藥 83) herbicide 除

23、草劑 84) hibernate 越冬 85) hormone 荷爾蒙,激素 86) hydrocarbon 碳氫化合物 87) hydrophilic 親水的 88) hydrophobic 疏水的 89) hydroxyl 羥基 90) hypochlorite 次氯酸鹽 91) in vitro 體外 92) in vivo 體內(nèi) 93) inorganic 無機的 94) insecticide 殺蟲劑 95) instar 齡，齡期 97) instar larvae 幼蟲齡期 98) integrated pest management IPM有害生物綜合防治99) interfe

24、ron 干擾素 100) ionization 離子化，電離 102) isotope 同位素 104) juvenile hormone mimic 仿生的保幼激素105) larva 幼蟲 106) less-persistent pesticide 低殘留農(nóng)藥 107) life history 生活史 108) low-toxic pesticide 低毒性農(nóng)藥 109) maggot 蛆 110) malarial 毒氣的 111) male sterility 雄性不育 113) median lethal dosage (LD50)致死中量114) median lethal c

25、oncentration (LD50)致死中濃度115) metabolic 代謝作用的, 新陳代謝的 116) methyl 甲基 117) microbial 微生物的,由細菌引起的 118) mildethane 托布津 119) mist sprayer 噴霧器 120) molt 蛻皮 121) mortality 死亡率 122) moulting hormone antagonist 抗蛻皮激素123) mutase 變位酶 124) mutation 突變 125) nematicide 殺線蟲劑 126) nematode 線蟲 127) nicotine 煙堿 128) n

26、itrogen 氮 129) non-contamination pesticide 無污染農(nóng)藥130) nontarget organism 非靶標131) 生物 132) normal saline 生理鹽水 133) nymph 若蟲 134) offspring 后代 135) organic pesticide 有機農(nóng)藥 136) organomercury pesticide 有機汞農(nóng)藥 137) organophosphorus pesticide 有機磷農(nóng)藥 138) parasitism 寄生 139) pathogens 病原體(物) 140) pathology 病理學

27、141) peroxidase 過氧(化)物酶 142) persistent pesticide 持久性農(nóng)藥;殘留性農(nóng)藥 143) pesticide 殺蟲劑 144) pesticide residue 農(nóng)藥殘留 145) pesticide tolerances 耐藥性 146) pest-resistant cultivar 抗蟲品種 147) petri dish 有蓋培養(yǎng)皿 148) pharmaceutical 制藥學 149) pheromone 信息素，150) 外激素 151) phosphatase 磷酸酶 152) photosynthesis 光合作用 153) ph

28、ytohormone 植154) 物生長素 155) phytopathology 植156) 物病理學 157) phytotoxic 植158) 物性毒素的 159) polyethylene 聚乙烯 160) population density 種群密度，161) 蟲口密度 162) progeny 后裔 163) pronotum 前胸背板 164) pupa 蛹 165) quarantine 檢疫 166) reductase 還原酶 167) remnant 殘留 168) repellent 忌避劑，169) 驅(qū)蟲劑 170) resistance 抗藥性 171) risk

29、 assessment 風險評估 172) riskiest pesticide 高毒農(nóng)藥 173) rodenticide 滅鼠劑 174) secretion 分泌 175) segregate 隔離 176) selected insecticides 選擇性殺蟲劑 177) semiochemicals 化學信息素 178) sodium 鈉 179) solvent 溶解的，180) 溶劑 181) stochastic 隨機的 182) sublethal concentrations 亞致死濃度 183) sublethal dose 亞致死中量 184) sustainable

30、 agriculture 可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè) 185) synthase 合酶 186) target organism 靶標187) 生物 188) terpenoid 萜類化合物 189) tetrachloride 四氯化物 190) virulence 毒力191) virus 病毒昆蟲學詞匯A Abdomen. The hindmost of the three main body divisions of an insect. Acaricide. A chemical employed to kill and control mites and ticks. Acetyl choline

31、. A substance present in many parts of the body of animals and important to the function of nerves. Acrostichal Bristles. The two rows of hairs or bristles lying one on either side of the mid-line of the thorax of a true fly. Active Space. The space within which the concentration of a pheromone or o

32、ther behaviourally active substance is concentrated enough to generate the required response, remembering that like light and sound pheromones become more dilute the further they radiate out from their source. Aculeate. (Hymenoptera) Those members of the Hymenoptera which possess a sting. Acuminate.

33、 Tapering to a long point. Adeagus. The part of the male genitalia which is inserted into the female during copulation and which carries the sperm into the female. Its shape is often important in separating closely related species. Adecticous. Of pupa: referring to the state in which the pupa does n

34、ot posses movable mandibles, the opposite being Decticous. Aestivation. Summer dormancy, entered into when conditions are unfavourable for active life i.e. it is too hot or too dry. Age Polyethism. The regular changing of roles of colony members as they get older. Air sac. A dilated portion of a tra

35、chea Alar Squama. The middle of three flap-like outgrowths at the base of the wing in various flies. Alate. Winged; having wings. Alitrunk. Name given to the thorax and propodeum of wasp-waisted hymenopterans. Allopatric. Two or more forms of a species having essentially separate distributions. Alte

36、rnating Generations. When two generations are produced within a life cycle each producing individuals of only one sex, either male first and then female or visa-versa. Alula. In insects (not birds) the outermost of the three flap-like outgrowths at the base of the wing in various flies: really a par

37、t of the wing membrane. Aldrin. (common name). A synthetic insecticide; a chlorinated hydrocarbon of not less than 95 per cent 1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene; moderately toxic to mammals, acute oral LD, for rats 44 mg/kg; phytotoxicity: none when proper

38、ly formulated, but some crops are sensitive to solvents in certain formulations. Aliphatic. A term applied to the open chain or fatty series of hydrocarbons. Alkaloids. Substances found in plants, many having powerful pharmacologic action, and characterized by content of nitrogen and the property of

39、 combining with acids to form 憇alts. Alloparental. When individuals other than the parent assist in the caring for that parents offspring. Altruistic. Self-destructive. or potentially self-destructive behaviour performed for the benefit of others. Ambrosia. The fungus cultivated by wood-boring beetl

40、es of the family Scolytidae Ametabola. The insects which develop without metamorphosis, namely the Protura, Thysanura, and Collembola. Amide. Compound derived from carboxylic acids by replacing the hydroxyl of the -COOH by the amino group, -NH2-. Amine. An organic compound containing nitrogen, deriv

41、ed from ammonia, NH3, by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms by as many hydrocarbon radicals. Amino acid. Organic compounds that contain the amino (NH,) group and the carboxyl (COOH) group. Amino acids are the building stones of proteins. Ammonia. A colorless alkaline gas, NH3, soluble in water. An

42、al. Pertaining to last abdominal segment which bears the anus. Anal angle. The small apical area enclosed by the inner and outer margins of the hindwing. Anal fold. A fold in the inner margin of the hindwing. Anaplasmosis. Infection with Anaplasma, a genus of Sporozoa that infests red blood cells. A

43、nasa wilt. A wilt disease of cucurbits caused solely by the feeding of the squash bug, no parasitic microorganism involved. Androconia. (singula = Androconium) In male butterflies, specialised wing scales (often called scent scales) possessing special glands which produce a chemical attractive to fe

44、males. Anemic. Deficient in blood quantity or quality. Annulate. Formed in ring-like segments or with ring-like markings. Antenna. (pl., antennae). Pair of segmented appendages located on the head and usually sensory in function - the feelers. Antennation. Touching with the antenna Antenodal Veins.

45、Small cross-veins at the front of the dragonfly or damselfly wing, between the wing base and the nodus. Anterior. Concerning or facing the front, towards the head. Antibiosis. An association between two or more organisms that is detrimental to one or more of them. Anticoagulin. A substance antagonis

46、tic to the coagulation of blood. Anus. The posterior opening of the digestive tract. Anal veins. The hindmost, or most posterior longitudinal wing veins. Aorta. The anterior, non-chambered, narrow part of the insect heart which opens into the head. Apex. The point where the costal vein and the outer

47、 margin of the forewing meet. Apiary. A place where bees are kept, normally a group of hives. Apical. At or concerning the tip or furthest part of any organ: apical cells, for example are at the wing-tip. Apical area Of the forewing, the area just inside of and contiguous with the apex. Appendage. A

48、ny limb or other organ, such as an antenna, which is attached to the body by a joint Appendix. In insects, a short vein, especially a short continuation after the main vein has changed direction. Apterous. Without wings. Apterygote. Any member of the Apterygota -primitively wingless insects (i.e. in

49、sects which have never developed wings during their evolutionary history) in modern classifications this includes the Thysanura but not Collembola Diplura and Protura which are no longer considered insects, but are termed Hexapods instead . Aquatic. Living in water. Arachnida. A class of arthropods

50、which include the scorpions, spiders, mites, ticks, among others. Arboreal. Living in, on, or among trees. Arista. A bristle-like outgrowth from the antenna in various flies. Aristate. Bearing an arista or bristle. Arolium. A small pad between the claws on an insects foot. Usually very small, but we

51、ll developed in grasshoppers and some other insects. Arrhenoyoky. The production of males from unfertilised eggs. Arthropoda. A phylum of animals with segmented body, exoskeleton, and jointed legs. Arthropods. Animals belonging to the phylum Arthropoda. Asymmetrical. Organs or body parts not alike o

52、n either side of a dividing line or plane. Astelocyttarus. Pertaining to nests, normally those of social wasps, in which the come is attached directly to the support. Aster yellows. A virus disease of many kinds of plants transmitted by the six spotted leaf hopper and characterized by stunting of pl

53、ants, sterility, and chlorosis in foliage. Attractants. Substances which elicit a positive directional response; chemicals having positive attraction for animals such as insects, usually in low concentration and at considerable distances. Axon. The process of a nerve cell that conducts impulses away

54、 from the cell body. B Basal. Concerning the base of a structure - that part nearest the body. Basal cells in Diptera are generally small cells near the base of the wing. Basitarsus. The Ist segment of the tarsus - usually the largest. Batumen. A protective layer of propilis or hard cerumen that enc

55、loses the nest cavity of a stingless bee colony. Benzene hexachloride. (chemical name) or BHC. (common name). A synthetic insecticide, a chlorinated hydrocarbon, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocvclohexane of mixed isomers; slightly more toxic to mammals than DDT, acute oral LD51 for rats about 200 mg/kg; phy

56、totoxicity: more toxic than DDT, interferes with germination, suppresses growth and reduces yields except at low concentration; certain crop plants, as potato absorb crude BHC with consequent tainting of tubers. Bilateral symmetry. Similarity of form, one side with the other. Biological control. The

57、 control of pests by employing predators, parasites, or disease; the natural enemies are encouraged and disseminated by man. Bionomics. The study of the habits, breeding, and adaptations of living forms. Bipectinate. Feathery, with branches growing out oil both sides of the main axis: applied mainly

58、 to antennae. Bisexual. Having two sexes distinct and separate;i.e. a species with males and females. Bivouac. The mass of army ant workers within which the queen and brood, live while the colony is not on the move. Bivoltine. Having two generations per year. Blastogenesis. The origination of differ

59、ent castes, within a species, from the egg by means other than genetic. Book lung. A respiratory cavity containing a series of leaflike folds. Bot. The larva of certain flies that are parasitic in the body of mammals. Brachypterous. With short wings that do not cover the abdomen, used of individuals

60、 of a species which otherwise has longer wings. Bract. A small leaf at the base of the flower. Brood. In insects, a group of individuals of a given species which have hatched into young or which have become adult at approximately the same time and which live together in a defined and limited area. O