高頻考點(高頻規(guī)律技巧)B情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣課

1、B 高頻考點（高頻 / 規(guī)律 / 技巧）B1 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣 考 綱 解 讀1準確把握情態(tài)動詞表允許、推測、判斷等用法。2準確把握情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣句子中的使用。3wish, as if/though, if only, would rather從句， Its time從句等句型中的虛擬語氣。4表示“堅持、命令、建議、要求”的詞語后及各 類從句中的虛擬語氣。5虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的運用。 考 情 解 讀 考點 題量年份推測請求、允諾、允許必要性情態(tài)動詞其他用法虛擬語氣2008802222009503152010562142011413362012104510 趨 勢 解 讀1一般來說，

2、每年高考的單項填空必有一道考查情態(tài)動詞的題目，以后的高考題對于情態(tài)動詞的考查不會有太大變化，(1)虛擬語氣；(2)推測和可能性；(3)表示必要性及表示請求、允許、允諾是高考的熱點。2預計2013年對情態(tài)動詞的考查呈上升趨勢。試題的立意不偏不怪，但是有效信息越來越隱蔽，情景越來越生動、真實，考查角度越來越細微化、綜合化。易錯警示I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _it.A

3、will have stolen Bmight have stolenCshould have stolen Dmust have stolen易誤選D許多考生認為此處表示某人肯定把手提包偷走了，結果導致誤選D。其實根據(jù)語境可推斷出此處表示可能性較小的推測：手提包當時有可能會被偷走。故答案為B。Dont play with the dog, Jack, for it _be dangerous at times.Ashall Bshould Ccan Dmust易誤選A、D很多考生認為玩狗將很危險或者肯定很危險，從而誤選A或D。其實，shall用于第二、第三人稱表示“允諾，命令，警告，威脅”等

4、；should表示“應該”；must表示“必須，一定”等；而can除了表示“能，能夠”外，還可表示“(有時)會，可能會”等。根據(jù)語境及情態(tài)動詞的意義可知，正確答案為C。I think Ill give Bob a ring.You _You havent been in touch with him for ages.Awill Bmay Chave to Dshould易誤選C考生有可能誤選C項。分析句意可知，表示原則上或道義上“應該”的情態(tài)動詞should用在這里正合適。故選D。_fired, your health care and other benefits will not be

5、immediately cut off.AWould you be BShould you beCCould you be DMay you be易誤選D考生容易誤選D項，但是may用于倒裝結構時表示祝福、祝愿，用在此處不合適。分析句意可知，橫線處所填的內(nèi)容表示條件。當條件狀語從句的謂語中含有were，should, had時，可以將這些詞移到句首，此時須把連詞if省略，故選B。此處相當于If you should be。Dont you think it necessary that he _to Miami but to New York?I agree, but the problem

6、is _he has refused to.Awill not be sent; thatBnot be sent; thatCshould not be sent; whatDshould not sent; what易誤選A、C本題是對虛擬語氣和省略的考查，考生若是對相關知識掌握得不牢固，便可能誤選A項或C項。第一空，在“Itbenecessary/right/important/essential/impossibe等that從句”結構中，從句的謂語動詞部分要用(should)do結構，此處的should不可以換用其他的情態(tài)動詞，故選項A被排除；動詞send與主語he之間為動賓關系，故選

7、項D也被排除；第二空，題干中的“he has refused to”是一個省略結構，其完整形式為“he has refused to be sent to New York”，該句子不缺成分，故應填上只起連接作用、在句中不作任何成分、沒有任何含義的that。that在本題中引導表語從句。故選B。Thank you for all your hard work last week, I dont think we _it without you.Acan manage Bcould have managedCcould manage Dcan have manage易誤選A這是一種含蓄的虛擬語氣

8、，句中的虛擬條件通過介詞短語without you來體現(xiàn)，句中l(wèi)ast week表明是過去的事情，所以這里的without you 相當于“if it had not been for you”，故選B?？键c精析 基 礎 盤 點 熱 門 考 點1采用(should)do結構“虛擬語氣”；2would rather(that)/if only/as if/it be(high)time(that)等固定句型；3neednt/could(not)/should(not).have pp.本 卻；4與某時態(tài)相反假設；5虛擬語氣中的錯綜復雜句；6表推測；7表必要性；8請求、允諾、準許；9其它情態(tài)動詞用

9、法。 關 注 節(jié) 點The doctor recommeded that you _swim after eating a large meal.Awouldnt Bcouldnt Cneednt Dshouldnt答案D考查(should)do表建議。熱點11AWho do you suggest BWho do you suggest that shouldCDo you suggest who should DDo you suggest whom should答案A考查虛擬語氣。在suggest表示建議的賓語從句中，虛擬語氣結構為“should動詞原形”，should可省略，故選A。_

10、be sent to work there?Ahad Bhas Chave Dwould have答案C考查虛擬語氣。本題中有requirement，后跟動詞原形。Their requirement that he _one years experience is reasonable.Adrive; not answerBwas driving; shouldnt answerCshould drive; shouldnt have answeredDdrove；shouldnt answer答案Binsist表示“堅持說”，后面的賓語不使用虛擬語氣，故選B。The bus driver i

11、nsisted that he _at a normal speed when the accident happened and there fore _for the childs death.1用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動詞后的賓語從句中。常見的動詞有：demand, order, require, insist, suggest, recommend, urge, propose, advise等。賓語從句中的虛擬語氣結構為“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。 注意：當suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“堅持說”之意時，suggest/insist后的賓

12、語從句不使用虛擬語氣，應使用陳述語氣。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那個人堅持說他沒有偷錢。等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，其構成是“should動詞原形”，should可以省略?！耙?、二、三、四”法一、堅持二、命令三、需要四、建議與此類詞匯邏輯相關聯(lián)的名詞性從句謂語一般都是(should)be/do。3在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice 2It is desired /suggested/proposed/recommen

13、ded/ necessary/ important/natural/essentialthat從句，從句中的謂語動詞用“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。(2011遼寧卷)Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking.Awill do Bhas doneCdo Ddid答案D虛擬語氣固定句型，比正常時態(tài)后退一個時態(tài)。熱點12I wish they _always late.Awerent Bhadnt beenCwouldnt be Dwouldnt have be

14、en答案A句意：孩子們都到哪里去了？宴會就要被他們徹底破壞了。我希望他們不要總是遲到。本題考查虛擬語氣。wish后跟that從句，從句部分采用虛擬語氣，與現(xiàn)在事實相反的用一般過去時，與過去事實相反的用過去完成時。本題表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，所以用一般過去時，故正確答案為A項。(2011北京卷)Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.Alistening BlistenCam listening Dhad listened答案D本題考查虛擬語氣。wish后面的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。

15、賓語從句動作先于wish，故用過去完成時。Afollow Bwould followChad followed Dhave followed答案C本題考查虛擬語氣。If only句子How I wish(that)從句。賓語從句動作先于if only，故用過去完成時。How I wish I _to my parents advice.Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _your advice.Ado Bdont Cdidnt Ddidnt do答案D本題考查虛擬語氣。在would rather后的賓語從句中也用虛擬語氣，其結構

16、為would rather sb過去時。故選D。Awere Bhad been Cis Dhas been答案A本題考查虛擬語氣。as if引導的從句謂語動詞與主句謂語動詞所表達的動作同時發(fā)生，as if引導的從句謂語動詞用一般過去時。故選A。Most insurance agents would rather you _anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he_a Chinese.Ahas been Bwas Cis

17、Dhad been答案D本題考查虛擬語氣。as though引導的從句謂語動詞先于主句謂語動詞所表達的動作發(fā)生，as though引導的從句謂語動詞用過去完成時。D項正確。Looking round the town, he felt as though he _ away for ages.Ais Bwere Chas been Dhad been答案B句意：不要這么拿著這個花瓶，就好像它是鋼制成似的。本題考查虛擬語氣。as if意為“好像”，分析句意可知as if后面的句子須使用虛擬語氣，并且所述情況是對現(xiàn)在事實的假設，因此使用一般過去時，故選擇B項。(2012北京卷)Dont handl

18、e the vase as if it_made of steel.1wish后面的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能 實現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動詞構成形式為：if only句子How I wish(that)從句If only I were a flying bird！How I wish I were a flying bird!我要是一只飛鳥該多好??！2在would rather后的賓語從句中，也用虛擬語氣，其結 構為：I would rather/prefer I had not told him the bad news.我寧愿沒告訴他那個壞消息。如果as if引導的從句謂語動詞與主句

19、謂語動詞所表達的動作同時發(fā)生，as if引導的從句謂語動詞用一般過去時；如果as if引導的從句謂語動詞所表達的動作先于主句謂語動詞所表達的動作，as if引導的從句謂語動詞用過去完成3虛擬語氣在as if/as though引導的從句中的運用時；如果as if引導的從句謂語動詞所表達的動作后于主句謂語動詞所表達的動作，as if引導的從句謂語動詞用過去將來時。She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.(先于)她講英語如此流利，好像她在美國學過英語。(2012北京卷)We _the diffi

20、culty together, but why didnt you tell me?Ashould face Bmight faceCcould have faced Dmust have faced答案C考查虛擬語氣。由but和didnt看出與過去相反。熱點13“本卻”是高考虛擬語氣重要的考查點，近些年虛擬語氣考查有上升趨勢，故更值得注意。can/could have done本來能夠做卻未做cannot/could not have done本來不能做卻做了should/ought to have done本該做，而實際上未做should not/ought not to have don

21、e本不該做而做了neednt have done本不必做而做了had better have done當時最好做了(其否定式had better not have done表達相反的含義)續(xù)表would rather have done寧愿當時做了(其否定式would rather not have done表達相反含義，兩者都表示“后悔”之意)would like/love to have done sth過去愿意做但未做成intend/plan/be to have done sth本計劃、打算做卻未做wish/hope to have done sth本希望做卻未做(2012浙江卷)Ha

22、d they known what was coming next, they _second thoughts.Amay have Bcould haveCmust have had Dmight have had答案D前面為倒裝省略形式，正常語序應為If they had known what was coming next，與過去相反假設。熱點14虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的運用從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設If主語動詞的過去式(be動詞用were)主語should/would/could/might動詞原形與過去事實相反的假設If主語had過去分詞主語should/would/could/

23、mighthave過去分詞與將來事實相反的假設1.If主語動詞的過去式2.If主語were to動 詞原形3.If主語should動詞 原形主語should/would/could/might動詞原形在條件狀語從句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天下雨的話，我們就不去登山了。注意：當省略的條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時，不能用動詞的縮略形

24、式。有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導的條件狀語從句，而是通過其他手段來代替虛擬條件句。1. if省略句2含蓄條件句but.(真實)If you had not helped me, I would have failed.Without your help, I would have failed.But for your helpIf it had not been your helpHad it not been your help I would have failed.3高考考查與過去相反But that you had helped me, I would hav

25、e failed.You helped me. Otherwise, I would have failed.You helped me, or/or else I would have failed.I would have failed but you helped me.(上海卷)It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.Awouldnt have falle

26、n Bhad not fallenCshould fall Dwere to fall答案B考查虛擬語氣錯綜復雜句，從句與過去相反假設。熱點15Ahad not worked that hard Bdid not work that hardCwas not working that hard Dwere not working that hard答案A考查虛擬語氣錯綜復雜句。主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間為現(xiàn)在，而條件狀語從句表示與過去事實相反，故從句應用過去完成時，選A。I would not be sitting in a comfortable office if I _ at schoo

27、l.Astudied Bwould studyChad studied Dwas studying答案C句意：也許如果當時我學習的是理科而不是文科的話，那么我(現(xiàn)在)就可以給你更多的幫助了。本題考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)then一詞可以確定此處表示與過去事實相反，故if引導的從句部分用had done，故選C。(2011北京卷)Maybe if I _science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為“錯綜復雜句”，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它們所表示

28、的時間做出相應的調(diào)整。If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.如果你剛才聽了我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就好多了。If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.如果你以前好好學習的話，你現(xiàn)在就是一名大學生了。一般考查主句與現(xiàn)在相反假設，從句與過去相反假設，一般有時間提示。(浙江卷)The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because i

29、t _be very slow.Ashould Bmust Cwill Dcan答案Dcan表示客觀存在較小的可能性。 熱點16表推測(可能性)1可能性可分為客觀的可能性和具體事情實際發(fā)生的可能性兩種。所謂客觀的(理論的)可能性即并不涉及具體某事是否會發(fā)生，此種用法常?？梢哉f明人或事物的特征。情態(tài)動詞can可用于肯定句中表示客觀的(理論的)可能性，而表示具體事情實際發(fā)生的可能性時，can一般不用于肯定句。 Accidents can happen on such rainy days. 這樣的多雨天氣可能會發(fā)生事故。(客觀的可能性)We may go to the cinema tonight

30、, but we are not sure yet.今晚我們可能去看電影，但還沒確定。(實際可能性，不用can)(1)表示具體事情實際發(fā)生的可能性的層次比較：2表示具體事情實際發(fā)生的可能性詞形肯定式否定式疑問式must必定，必然/should按說應該應該不會/ought to按說應該應該不會/can/不可能有可能嗎？could微弱的可能不可能語氣比can弱may或許，也許，也未可知，也說不定可能不/might比may還弱比may not還弱/(2)表示具體事情實際發(fā)生的可能性時，may, must常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑問句(may not表示“可能不”)；can常用于否定句、疑問句

31、或感嘆句中，表示疑惑、驚訝或不相信等意思；could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句 、疑問句中。常見：肯定句mustshouldmaymight否定句can notshould notmay notmight not疑問句can/couldThis cant/couldnt be done by him.這不可能是他干的。(表不相信)This may not be done by him.這可能不是他干的。(表不確定)Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremon

32、y?布什先生做一切事情都非常守時。開幕式他怎么可能會遲到呢？(表示疑惑、驚訝)I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我沒聽見電話鈴響，我一定是睡著了。(表肯定)Are you coming to Jeffs party?你要來杰弗的聚會嗎？Im not sure. I might go to the concert instead.(表不確定)我不確定，我可能要去音樂會。(2012課標全國卷)I _use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train

33、 comes by my house.Acouldnt Bmustnt Cshouldnt Dneednt答案D根據(jù)句意，火車準時經(jīng)過我家，沒必要用鬧鐘。(2012重慶卷)_you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry Sir, but its urgent.ACan BShould CMust DWould答案Cmust此處可譯為“偏偏”或“非要”。熱點17表示必要性must常用來表示必要性，意為“必須”。(1)mustdo sth(現(xiàn)在或?qū)?必須做某事(2)dont have to do sth/dont need to do

34、 sth/neednt do sth(現(xiàn)在或?qū)?不必做某事(3)表示過去沒必要做某事時，分為以下情況：neednt have done sth本來不必做而做了某事didnt have to do sth/didnt need to do sth/It was not necessary to do sth(過去)不必做某事(不強調(diào)是否做了)You neednt have worked that late last night. It washarmful to your health.你昨晚不必工作到那么晚。那對你的身體沒好處。1.mustnt have pp形式不存在因為：(1)mustn

35、t表禁止，動作未發(fā)生(2)must表推測，可能性全部否定用cantWith the development of society，a computer has become a must.2must近些年?？计洹捌薄胺且敝?must n必需之物；必做之事Homework seems a must for every student.should也可以表示必要性，意為“(義務上)應該”。should表示必要性時，在語氣上比must(必須)弱?！皊hould動詞原形”，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)響撟?的必要性)；“shouldhave過去分詞”，表示過去本該做(的必要性)。(2012遼寧卷)One

36、of our rules is that every student _wear school uniform while at school.Amight Bcould Cshall Dwill答案Cshall表示強制、命令。熱點18OK. You _have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.Amight Bmust Ccould Dshall答案D句意：媽媽，給我講個故事好嗎？好，如果你盡快上床睡覺，我就給你講一個。本題考查情態(tài)動詞。shall在此處表示“允諾”，故選擇D項。(2011陜西卷)Will you read me a story

37、, Mummy?Dont worry. You _have it by Friday.Acould Bshall Cmust Dmay答案B句意：我至今還沒有拿到參考書，但是下個月這個學科就要測試了。別擔心，周五之前你一定會有的。本題考查情態(tài)動詞。shall用于第二人稱表示允諾、要求、命令、威脅等語氣，根據(jù)句意可知此處表示允諾的語氣，故答案為B。could能，能夠；must必須；may也許，均不符合語境，可排除。(2010江蘇卷)I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month.

38、Khulaifi._I spell that for you?AShall BWould CCan DMight答案Ashall意為“嗎，好嗎，叫好嗎，是不是想”，用于征求對方的同意或意見。would用于第二人稱，表示“愿意”。can用于征得對方的同意，意為“可以，可能”。might用于征得對方的同意，意為“可以”，用于疑問句和建議時比may更委婉和禮貌。(北京卷)Whats the name?Amay Bshould Cmust Dshall答案D在陳述語氣中，主語是第三人稱時，shall表示說話者的意圖，含有意旨、命令、恫嚇等，支配著對方的行動。這是法官的宣判，用shall比較合適。sho

39、uld“應該”，語氣不如shall強烈。(重慶卷)“The interest _be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，”declared the judge.Ashall Bwill Cneed Dmay答案A本題中shall表示威脅，命令。故選A。It has been announced that all the students _ put on masks(口罩)before going to school in case they are infected with SARS

40、 virus.表示請求、允許、允諾Shall/May(Might)/Can(Could)I/we.?Shall he/she/they.?Would/Will you.?Shall the driver wait outside?司機在外邊等著可以嗎？Would you do me a favor?請幫我一下，好嗎？1當對方是決策者時，你向?qū)Ψ?you)請示或提出建議時用：It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.已宣布，在所有試卷收上來之前，應試者必須待在自己的座位上。(規(guī)則或規(guī)定)2shall(尤其用于二、三人稱時)可表示威脅、命令、允諾、 決心(涉及法律規(guī)定時常用shall)(2012江蘇卷)Happy birth