夏至Summer Solstice(中英雙語(yǔ)解讀簡(jiǎn)介、歷史、由來(lái)、習(xí)俗、詩(shī)歌)

1、夏至Summer Solstice目錄 TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc94604303 夏至Summer Solstice PAGEREF _Toc94604303 h 1 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604304 簡(jiǎn)介 PAGEREF _Toc94604304 h 1 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604305 Summer Solstice PAGEREF _Toc94604305 h 1 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604306 三候 PAGEREF _Toc94604306 h 2 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604307

2、 節(jié)氣特點(diǎn) PAGEREF _Toc94604307 h 2 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604308 The longest day of the year PAGEREF _Toc94604308 h 2 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604309 習(xí)俗與飲食 PAGEREF _Toc94604309 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604310 夏至的食物 PAGEREF _Toc94604310 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604311 Eating noodles PAGEREF _Toc94604311 h 3 HYPERLINK l _T

3、oc94604312 夏至的習(xí)俗 PAGEREF _Toc94604312 h 3 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604313 A public holiday in ancient times PAGEREF _Toc94604313 h 4 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604314 Seeing the sun turn around PAGEREF _Toc94604314 h 4 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604315 Dragon boat racing in Zhejiang PAGEREF _Toc94604315 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc

4、94604316 詩(shī)歌 PAGEREF _Toc94604316 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604317 夏九九歌 PAGEREF _Toc94604317 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604318 夏至避暑北池唐代韋應(yīng)物 PAGEREF _Toc94604318 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604319 竹枝詞唐朝劉禹錫 PAGEREF _Toc94604319 h 6 HYPERLINK l _Toc94604320 Summer Solstice idiom PAGEREF _Toc94604320 h 6簡(jiǎn)介中國(guó)民間把夏至后的15天分成

5、3“時(shí)”，一般頭時(shí)3天，中時(shí)5天，末時(shí)7天。這期間我國(guó)大部分地區(qū)氣溫較高，日照充足，作物生長(zhǎng)很快，生理和生態(tài)需水均較多。此時(shí)的降水對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量影響很大，有“夏至雨點(diǎn)值千金”之說(shuō)。夏至節(jié)氣一般在公歷6月21日或22日。夏至為者，至有三義；一以陰陽(yáng)氣之至極，二以明陽(yáng)氣之始至，三以明日行之北至。故為至。月令七十二候集解關(guān)于夏至說(shuō)：五月中，夏，假也，至，極也，萬(wàn)物于此皆假大而至極也。Summer SolsticeThe traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Summer Solstice, (Ch

6、inese: 夏至), the 10th solar term of the year, begins on June 21 this year and ends on July 6.At this time, much of the northern hemisphere receives the most hours of daylight, but it does not bring the hottest temperatures which will come only 20 to 30 days later.In China, the 24 solar terms were cre

7、ated thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production. But the solar term culture is still useful today to guide peoples lives through eating special foods, performing cultural ceremonies and even healthy living tips that correspond with each solar term.三候中國(guó)古代將夏至分為三候：“一候鹿角解；二候蟬始鳴；三候半夏生。可見(jiàn)夏至一到

8、陰涼就不遠(yuǎn)了。節(jié)氣特點(diǎn)夏至是北半球一年中白晝最長(zhǎng)、黑夜最短的一天。夏至日那天，整個(gè)地球上除南極點(diǎn)和南極圈內(nèi)的極夜地區(qū)外，所有地點(diǎn)的日出方向都是從東北方開始的，在西北方落下?！疤煳膶＜曳Q，夏至是太陽(yáng)的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，這天過(guò)后它將走“回頭路”。夏至過(guò)后，太陽(yáng)直射點(diǎn)逐漸向南移動(dòng)，北半球白晝開始逐漸變短。對(duì)于北回歸線及其以北的地區(qū)，夏至日過(guò)后，正午太陽(yáng)高度也開始逐日降低。民間有“吃過(guò)夏至面，一天短一線”的說(shuō)法，我國(guó)唐代詩(shī)人韋應(yīng)物的夏至避暑北池也曾寫到“晝晷已云極，宵漏自此長(zhǎng)”。夏至這天雖然白晝最長(zhǎng)，太陽(yáng)角度最高，但并不是一年中天氣最熱的時(shí)候。因?yàn)椋咏乇淼臒崃?，這時(shí)還在繼續(xù)積蓄，并沒(méi)有達(dá)到最多的時(shí)候。俗話說(shuō)

9、“熱在三伏”，真正的暑熱天氣是以夏至和立秋為基點(diǎn)計(jì)算的。大約在七月中旬到八月中旬，中國(guó)各地的氣溫均為最高，有些地區(qū)的最高氣溫可達(dá)40度左右。“不過(guò)夏至不熱”，“夏至三庚數(shù)頭伏”。夏至雖表示炎熱的夏天已經(jīng)到來(lái)，但還不是最熱的時(shí)候，夏至后的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)氣溫仍繼續(xù)升高，大約再過(guò)二三十天，一般是最熱的天氣了。夏至以后地面受熱強(qiáng)烈，空氣對(duì)流旺盛，午后至傍晚常易形成雷陣雨。這種熱雷雨驟來(lái)疾去，降雨范圍小，人們稱夏雨隔田坎。唐代詩(shī)人劉禹錫在南方，曾巧妙地借喻這種天氣，寫出東邊日出西邊雨，道是無(wú)晴卻有晴的著名詩(shī)句。The longest day of the yearOn the Summer Solstice

10、 itself, daylight lasts the longest for the whole year in the northern hemisphere. After this day, daylight hours get shorter and shorter and temperatures become higher in the northern hemisphere.How long is the longest day in China? According to the expert Yan Jiarong, the entire day in Mohe in Hel

11、ongjiang province, located in the northernmost tip of China, lasts nearly 17 hours when you include dawn, twilight and its afterglow. Summer Solstice is the best season for viewing the aurora in Mohe, the sleepless town of China.習(xí)俗與飲食夏至的食物自古以來(lái)，夏至當(dāng)天各地普遍要吃涼面條，俗稱過(guò)水面，有“冬至餃子夏至面”的諺語(yǔ)?！俺粤讼闹凉?，西風(fēng)繞道走”，大意是人只要在夏

12、至日這天吃了狗肉，其身體就能抵抗西風(fēng)惡雨的入侵，少感冒，身體好。正是基于這一良好愿望，成就了“夏至狗肉”這一獨(dú)特的民間飲食文化。舊時(shí)，在浙江紹興地區(qū)，人們不分貧富，夏至日皆祭其祖，俗稱“做夏至”，除常規(guī)供品外，特加一盤蒲絲餅。而紹興地區(qū)龍舟競(jìng)渡因氣候故，明、清以來(lái)多不在端午節(jié)，而在夏至，此風(fēng)俗至今尚存。餛飩，古人稱其形“有如雞卵，頗似天地渾沌之象”，而“餛飩”又與“渾沌”諧音。盤古開天，渾沌初分，吃了餛飩可得聰明?！跋闹脸责Q飩，熱天不疰夏。”夏至吃餛飩則又包含一種祈求平安度夏的良好愿望。Eating noodlesThere is a saying in Shandong province w

13、hich goes, eat dumplings on the Winter Solstice and eat noodles on Summer Solstice. People in different areas of Shandong province eat chilled noodles on this day. Other people around China, including those in Beijing, also have a tradition of eating noodles.夏至的習(xí)俗夏至，古時(shí)又稱“夏節(jié)”、“夏至節(jié)”。古時(shí)夏至日，人們通過(guò)祭神以祈求災(zāi)消年

14、豐。周禮春官載：“以夏日至，致地方物魈?！敝艽闹良郎瘢鉃榍宄甙O、荒年與饑餓死亡。史記封禪書記載：“夏至日，祭地，皆用樂(lè)舞?！毕闹磷鳛楣糯?jié)日，宋朝在夏至之日始，百官放假三天，遼代則是“夏至日謂之朝節(jié)，婦女進(jìn)彩扇，以粉脂囊相贈(zèng)遺”（遼史），清朝又是“夏至日為交時(shí)，日頭時(shí)、二時(shí)、末時(shí)，謂之三時(shí)，居人慎起居、禁詛咒、戒剃頭，多所忌諱”（清嘉錄）。A public holiday in ancient timesSummer Solstice was an important festival in ancient China. As early as the Han Dynasty (260B

15、C-220), when the Mid-autumn Festival and the Double Ninth Festival were not as important as they are today, the Summer Solstice was already celebrated.Before the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), people even had a one-day holiday on Summer Solstice. According to Song Dynasty (960-1279) records, officials co

16、uld have three days off during the Summer Solstice.To celebrate Summer Solstice, women gave colored fans and sachets to each other. Fans could help them cool down and the sachets could drive away mosquitoes and make them smell sweet.Seeing the sun turn aroundHani autonomous county of Mojiang, Southw

17、est Chinas Yunnan province is located on the northern tropic. Every year on the Summer Solstice, the sun sits directly over the Tropic of Cancer and returns from north to south. Then, the amazing phenomenon known as upright pole with no shadows occurs.The Hani people revere the sun and have always h

18、ad a close bond with it. They welcome the turn-around of the sun and offer sacrifices to it.Dragon boat racing in ZhejiangDue to the local climate, Dragon boat races have been held on the Summer Solstice day in Shaoxing, Zhejiang province rather than on Dragon Boat Festival since the Ming (1368-1644

19、) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties. This tradition is still in practice today, with all the attendant excitement.詩(shī)歌夏九九歌我國(guó)農(nóng)歷中“九”是習(xí)慣用的雜節(jié)，有“冬九九”和“夏九九”。其中“冬九九”流傳較廣，它是以冬至那一天為起點(diǎn)，每九天為一個(gè)九，每年九個(gè)九共八十一天。三九、四九是全年最寒冷的季節(jié)?！跋木啪拧笔且韵闹聊且惶鞛槠瘘c(diǎn)，每九天為一個(gè)九，每年九個(gè)九共八十一天。同樣，三九、四九是全年最炎熱的季節(jié)。它與“冬九九”形成鮮明的對(duì)照，遺憾的是它不廣為流傳，其實(shí)“夏九九”確實(shí)生動(dòng)形象地反映日期與物候的關(guān)系。夏至避暑北池唐代韋應(yīng)物晝晷已云極， 宵漏自此長(zhǎng)。未及施政教， 所憂變炎涼。公門日多暇， 是月農(nóng)稍忙。高居念田里， 苦熱安可當(dāng)。亭午息群物， 獨(dú)游愛(ài)方塘。門閉陰寂寂， 城高樹蒼蒼。綠筠尚含粉， 圓荷始散芳。于焉灑煩抱， 可以對(duì)華觴。竹枝詞唐朝劉禹錫楊柳青青江水平，聞郎岸上踏歌聲。 東邊日出西邊雨，道是無(wú)晴卻有晴。Summer Solstice idiomI