高三英語專題復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解教案

1、高三英語專題復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解教案 英語閱讀理解技巧Teaching Aims:1. Enable the students to attain accurate information from reading materials.2. Enhance the student scomprehending ability and reading speed.3. Teach the students the strategies and skills of doing reading comprehension exercises.Teaching important points:1. How

2、to get accurate information, and use them to conclude and figure out right answers.2. Grasp some practical and useful reading strategies and skills.Teaching method:P.P.PTeaching Aids:Multi-mediaTeaching steps:一、如何做主旨大意題1. 要搞清的是問某一段還是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息來把握文脈，進(jìn)行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。2. 如有標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題中的蘊(yùn)含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。3. 任何一

3、篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它， 便容易抓住文章的中心。1) . 主題型主旨大意題的題干表現(xiàn)形式:The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? What is the passage mainly about?2) . 目的類主旨大意題The passage is meant

4、toThe purpose of this article is to3) . 標(biāo)題類主旨大意題The best title for the passage might be應(yīng)試技巧如何尋找主題句Sample 11)主題句在段首一個主題句常常是一個段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。在論說文，科技文獻(xiàn)和新聞報道中多采用這種格式。People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some

5、prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were calledfast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.2)主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾。 作者先擺出事實依據(jù)，

6、層層推理論證，最后自然得 出結(jié)論，即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn)，它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。 Sample 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at

7、 the same time.3)在短文中問當(dāng)主題句被安排在段中間時，通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出，而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋，支撐或發(fā)展.Sample 3Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situ

8、ations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out. 二、推斷題1 .解推斷題應(yīng)注意：(1)不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)；(2)推理的根據(jù)來自于上下文。2 .推斷題的常見形式：(1) It can be inferred from the text that.(2) From the text we know that.(3) The s

9、tory implies that.(4) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be.(5) The writer ' s attitude toward is.3 .解推斷題的方法：解推斷題最主要的方法是根據(jù)詞義關(guān)系推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)。Example 1One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistan t “I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches 蛭螂)and two sp

10、iders. ”“What do you need these things for? ” the shop assistant was very surprised.“Well” replied the man "I' m moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition asfo und it. ”Q: The passage suggests that when the writer moved i

11、nto thehouse, it was.A. very cleanB. just cleaned by the landlordC. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房東要求房屋必須是他租進(jìn)來時的原樣，所以他 須買些老鼠和嶂螂等昆蟲對房屋進(jìn)行恢復(fù)”，因此推出答案為D。Example 2Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thi

12、ng. And even if what they say or do is OK they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.Mr. Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has goodluck. He seldom has prob

13、lems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr. Neff knows almost everything. He doesn' ctsk questions； he answers questions. He never says, “I don ' t know. ”Q: Which of the following best des

14、cribes the writer ttitude to Mr. Iseff?A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand.B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful.C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff.D. He does not like Mr. Neff.解析：從作者的語氣中我們可以體會他的態(tài)度，特別是 Even if he does miss them it is always the fault of the buses or the airplanes.誤了 車或飛機(jī)本該是人的失誤怎能 歸咎于車或飛機(jī)呢？

15、明顯是譏諷，也是暗示他對 Mr. Neff的討厭之情。答案為D。 三、細(xì)節(jié)理解題：細(xì)節(jié)理解題就是我們常見的wh-題，它們大多是根據(jù)文章中的具體信息如事實、例證、原因、過程、論述等進(jìn)行提問的。有些問題可以在文章中直接找到答 案，有些則要我們在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，比如計算、排序、 是非判斷、圖形比較等。做此類題的方法一般是先用尋讀法找出與問題相關(guān)的詞 語或句子，再對相關(guān)的部分進(jìn)行細(xì)讀，找出正確答案。1 .直接事實題A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S. This

16、dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. The elevator goes down forty-four s

17、tories from the road to the bottom. There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco. Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president

18、 of the United States. Hoover Da mone of the highest dams in the world, is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada. Q: Hoover Dam lies.A. between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and B 在解答這類問題時要求抓住題干文字信息，采用針對性方法進(jìn)行閱讀。2.間接事實題:Invited b

19、y Mr. Ye Huixian, host of the well received TV programme “Stars Tonight Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991 , appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old , Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her ch

20、ildhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However, it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia

21、 TV Station.“It ' s really a hard job for me. I won ' t enter for such competition any more. Anyhow, I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfaresince I won the title. This time, in Shanghai, I'd love to make a deep impression on my TV audience,

22、 " said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q: Which of the following is NOT true?A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.解析：A、C和D都可在標(biāo)文找到答案，而B項原文列的是：taken to Hong

23、 Kong 可判斷不是 moved to Hong Kong with her parents,因止匕選 B。解此類題需要結(jié)合上下文提供的語境和信息進(jìn)行簡單的概括和判斷。四、詞義理解題做此類題時，應(yīng)盡可能地利用生詞所在的上下文來猜測詞義，即利用我們所熟 悉的詞或短語和上下文中的已知部分進(jìn)行邏輯上的推理，有時還需依靠構(gòu)詞法。Example 1Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently th

24、e trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tonnes of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year.Q The underlined phrase “mopping up " in the second paragraph means.A cleaning up B taking in C wiping out D giving out析：這是一段介紹熱帶雨林吸收二氧化碳的說明文。此題猜測詞義。根據(jù) Curre

25、ntly the trees in the Amazon take inAround 500 million tonnes of CO2 each year 旬中的 take in 可 猜測正確答案為BoExample 2Towards the evening, there comes the grand finaje of the opening day, an extremely exciting horse race. All the riders run very fast on horseback. Some riders hang off the side of their sad

26、dles. Some even ride upside down-their legs and feet straight up in the air- all at full speed.Q: The underlined word “finale " in the fourth paragraph most probabthemeans of the opening day.A first part B middle C last part D whole五.練習(xí)EX 1 Please find out the key sentence of the following pass

27、ages.I. English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the world's radio programs are in English.本段主題句為首句，其后的內(nèi)容均說明首句。II. Just as I settle down to read or watch television, he demands that I pl

28、ay with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks something over. I always have to hang up to find out what's wrong with him. Baby-sitting with my little brother is no fun. He refuses to let me eat a snack in peace. Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat. Th

29、en, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep.有時段落是先介紹背景和細(xì)節(jié)，接著用一句綜合或概括性的話概括前面所說的內(nèi)容或事例，然后再圍繞主題展開對有關(guān)問題的深入討論。這種文章的主題句往往 會在段落中間出現(xiàn)，但不一定就是在正中間。Excise 2: If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly attract your attention: "

30、Color TV, only $79. Two-day sale. Hurry." However, when you go to the store ready to buy, you may discover that the advertised sets are sold out. But the salesman is quick to reassure you that he has another model, a more reliable set which is "just right for you." It costs $359. This

31、 sales tactic is called "bait and switch." Buyers are baited with a sales offer, and then they are switched to another more costly item. Buying items on sale requires careful consideration of the merchandise （商品）and the reasons for the sale.1. Which sentence best expresses the main idea?A）

32、 The customer must be on his guard when purchasing items on sale.B） Color television sets which sell for $79 are sold out quickly.C） Many stores use the "bait and switch" technique to attract customers.D） Anyone planning to buy a television set should look for a sale.2. The paragraph could be entitled .A） Buyer Be aware B） Closeout Sale C） Crime Pays D） Buying a TV Set作者從一則電視機(jī)的廣告入手, 介紹了降價推銷的慣用手段, 稱為 “ baitandswitch （廉售某種不打算出賣的商品 ”, 意在誘人購買昂貴的物品）。最