大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解試題及答案

1、Asthepaceoflifecontinuestoincrease,wearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.Onceyouareinthehabitofrushingthroughlift,beingonthegofrommorningtillnight,itishardtoslowdown.Butrelaxationisessentialforahealthymindandbody.Stressisannaturalpartofeverydayliftandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Infact,itisnotthebadthingitisof

2、tensupposedtobe.Acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationadngivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrolthatitcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth.Theamountofstressapersoncanwithstanddependsverymuchontheindividual.Somepeoplearenotafraidofstress,andsuchcharactersareobviouslyprimemat

3、erialformanagerialresponsibilities.Othersloseheartatthefirstsignsofunusualdifficulties.Whenexposedtostress,inwhateverform,wereactbothchemicallyandphysically.Infactwemakechoicebetween"fight"or"flight"andinmoreprimitivedaysthechoicemadethedifferencebetweenlifeordeath.Thecriseswemee

4、ttodayareunlikelytobesoextreme,buthoweverlittlethestress,itinvolvesthesameresponse.Itiswhensuchareactionlastslong,throughcontinuedexposuretostress,thathealthbecomesendangered.Suchseriousconditionsashighbloodpressureandheartdiseasehaveestablishedlinkswithstress.Sincewecannotremovestressfromourlives(i

5、twouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecould),weneedtofindwaystodealwithit.1 .Peoplearefindinglessandlesstimeforrelaxingthemselvesbecause.a.theydonotknowhowtoenjoythemselvesb.theydonotbelievethatrelaxationisimportantforhealthc.theyaretravellingfastallthetimed.theyarebecomingbusierwiththeirwork2 .Accordingtothe

6、writer,themostimportantcharacterforagoodmanagerishis.a.notfearingstressb.knowingtheartofrelaxationc.highsenseofresponsibilityd.havingcontroloverperformance3 .Whichofthefollwingstatementsisture?a.Wecanfindsomewaystoavoidstressb.Stressisalwaysharmfultopeoplec.Itiseasytochangethehagitofkeepingoneselfbu

7、sywithwork.d.Differentpeoplecanwithstanddifferentamountsofstress4.InParagraph3,"suchareaction"refersbackto.a."makingachoicebetween'flight'or'fight'b."reactiontostressbothchemicallyandphysically"c."respondingtocrisesquickly"d."losingheartatthesi

8、gnsdifficulties"5.Inthelastsentenceofthepassage,"doso"refersto.a."exposeourselvestostress"b."findwaystodealwithstress"c."removestressfromourlives"d."establishedlinksbetweendiseasesandstress"答案:dadbcInthe1960s,manyyoungAmericansweredissatisfiedwi

9、thAmericansociety.TheywantedtoendtheVietnamWarandtomakeallofthepeopleintheU.S.epual.Someofthemdecidedto"dropout"ofAmericansocietyandformtheirownsocieties.Theyformedutopiancommunities,whichtheycalled"communes,"wheretheycouldfollowtheirphilosophyof"doyourownthing."Agroupo

10、fartistsfoundedacommuneinsouthernColoradocalled"DropCity."FollowingtheideasofphilosopherandarchitectBuckminsterFullertheybuiltdomeshapedhousesfrompiecesofoldcars.Othergroups,suchasauthorKenKesey'sMerryPranksters,thefollowersfoSanFranciscopoetSteveGakin,andagroupthatcalleditselftheHogFa

11、rm,livedinoldschoolhusesandtraveledaroundtheUnitedStates.TheHogFarmbecomefamouswhentheyhelpedorganizetheWoodstockRockFestivalin1969.SteveGaskin'sfollowerstriedtosettledownonafarminTennessee,buttheyhadtoleavewhensomemembersofthegruopwerearrestedforgrowingmarijuana.Notallcommunesbelievedinthephilo

12、sophyof"doyouownthing,"however.TwinOaks,acommunefoundedinVirgianiainthelate1960s,wasbasedontheideasofpsychologistB.F.Skinner.ThepeoplewholivedatTwinOakswerecarefullycontrolledbySkinner's"conditioning"techniquestodothingsthatweregoodforthecommunity.In1972,ItalianarchitectPaolo

13、SoleribegantobuildArcosanti,autopiancityArizsonawhere2500peoplewilllivecloselytogetherinonelargebuildingcalledan"archology"Soleribelievesthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogethersothattheywillallbecomeone.1 .WhydidsomeyoungAmericansdecideto"dropout"ofscoietyduringthe1960s?a.Theywerenotsa

14、tisfiedwithAmericansociety.b.Theywantedtogrowmarijuana.c.TheywantedtogototheVietnamWar.d.Theydidnotwantallpeopletobeequal.2 .WheredidthemembersoftheHogFarmcommunelive?a.Indome-shapedhouseb.Inoldschoolhusesc.OnafarminTennesseed.InanarchologyinArizona3 .WhogavethepeopleofDropCitytheideatobuliddome-sha

15、pedhouse?a.PaoloSolerib.B.G.Skinnerc.SteveGaskind.BuckminsterFuller4 .WhatwastheTwinOakscommunebaseon?a.Thephilosophyof"doyourownthing"b.Virginaiainthelate1960sc.Theideasofpsychologistd.Thebeliefthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogerher.5 .Whatisan"archology"?a.Apersonwhostudiesarchaeolo

16、gyb.Alargebuildingwherepeoplelivecloselytogetherc.AcityinArizonad.Atechniquetocontorlpeople答案:abdcbTherearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual'sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith

17、,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividualthesortofenvironmentinwhichheisreared.Ifanindividualishandicappedenvionmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable

18、.Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintellingencecanbedemonstratedbythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMarkX.Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedinseparatefos

19、terhomes.Peterwasreatedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalpooprtunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectually.Thisenviromentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetw

20、inswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregibentesetstomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark'sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel.1 .Thisselectioncanbestbeti

21、tled.a.MeasuringYourIntelligenceb.IntelligenceandEnvironmentc.TheCaseofPeterandMarkd.HowthebrainInfluencesIntelligence2 .Thebeststatementofthemainideaofthispassageisthata.humanbrainsdifferconsiderablyb.thebrainapersonisbornwithisimprotantindetermininghisintelligencec.environmentiscrucialindeterminin

22、gaperson'sintelligenced.personshavingidenticalbrainswillhaveroughlythesameintelligence3 .Accordingtothepassage,theaverageI.Q.isa.85b.100c.110d.1254 .Thecasehistoryofthetwinsappearstosupporttheconclusionthat.a.individualwithidenticalbrainsseldomtestatsamelevelb.anindividual'sintelligenceisdet

23、erminedonlybyhisenviromentc.lackofopportunityblocksthegrowthofintelligenced.changesofenviromentproducechangesinthestructureofthebrain5 .Thispassagesuggeststhatanindividual'sI.Q.a.canbepredictedatbirthb.staysthesamethrouthouthislifec.canbeincreasedbyeducationd.isdeterminedbyhischildhood答案:bcbccAs

24、shewalkedroundthehugedepartmentstore,EdithreflectedhowdifficultitwastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.Shewishthathewasaseasytopleaseashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfumeBesides,shoppongatthistimeoftheyearwasamostdisgreeableexperience:peopletrodonyourtoes,pokedyouwiththeirelbowsand

25、almostknockedyouoverintheirhastetogettoabargainaheadofyou.Partlytohavearest,Edithpausedinfrontofacounterwheresomeattracivetieswereondisplay."Theyarerealsilk,"theassistantassuredher,tryingtotempther."Worthdoubletheprice."Buteditknewfrompastexperiencethatherchoiceoftieshardlyeverpl

26、easedherfather.Shemovedonreluctantlyandthenquitebychance,stoppedwhereasmallcrowdofmanhadgatheredroundacounter.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipesonsaleandthepriceswereveryreasonable.Edithdidnothesitateforlong:althoughherfatheronlysmokedapipeoccasionally,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasbundtopleasehim.Whe

27、nshegothome,withhersmallwell-chosenpresentconcealedinherhandbag,herparentswerealreadyatthesuppertable.Hermotherwasinanespeciallycheerfulmood,"Yourfatherhasatlasttodecidedtostopsmoking."Sheinformedherdaughter.1 .Edith'sfather.a.didnotlikepresentb.nevergotpresentc.preferredtiesd.wasdiffi

28、culttochooseapresentfor2 .TheassistantspoketoEerestedintiesc.tiredd.inneedofcomfort3 .Edithstoppedatthenextcounter.a.puroselyb.suddenlyc.unwillinglyd.accidentally4 .Edith'sfathersmokedapipe.a.whenhewasobligedb.onsocialoccasionsc.fromtimetotimed.whenhewasdelig

29、hted5 .Shoppingwasverydisagreeableatthattimeoftheyearbecause.a.coustomerstrodoneachother'stoesb.coustomerspokedeachotherwiththeirelbowsc.customersknockedeachotherd.customersweredoingtheirshoppinginagreathurry答案:dbdcdIfthepopulationoftheearthgoesonincreasingatitspresentrate,therewilleventuallynot

30、beenoughresourceslefttosustainlifeontheplanet.Bythemiddleofthe21stcentury,ifpresenttrendscontinue,wewillhaveusedupalltheoilthatdrivesourcars,forexample.Evenifscientistsdevelopnewwaysoffeedingthehumanrace,thecrowdedconditionsonearthwillmakeitnecessaryforlustolookforopenspacesomewhereelse.Butnoneofthe

31、otherplanetsinoursolarsystemarecapableofsupportinglifeatpresent.Onepossiblesolutiontotheproblem,however,hasrecentlybeensuggestedbyAmericanscientist,ProfessorCarlSagan.Saganbelievesthatbeforetheearth'sresourcesarecompleetelyexhausteditwillbepossibletochangetheatmophereofVenusandsocreateanewworldalmostaslargeasearthitself.ThedifficultisthatVenusismuchhotterthantheearthandthereisonlyatinyamountofwaterthere.Saganproposesthatalgaeorganismsthatcanliveinextremelyhotorcoldatmospheresandatthesametimeproduceoxygen,shouldbebredinconditionsimilartothoseonVenus.Assoonasthishasbeendone,theal