外科緒論課件

1、外科學緒論外科學緒論(xln)Introduction of Surgery第一頁，共二十五頁。一、現(xiàn)代一、現(xiàn)代(xindi)外科學的發(fā)展外科學的發(fā)展 Development of Modern Surgery解剖學解剖學 AnatomyJohn Hunter (1728-1793), the father of experimental surgery and a superb anatomist and teacher.第二頁，共二十五頁。麻醉麻醉(mzu) AnesthesiaWillam t.G. Morton (1819-1868), a Boston dentist whose s

2、uccessful demonstration of ether anesthesia on October 16, 1846, at the Massachusetts Gneeral Hospital was a landmark in the history of surgery第三頁，共二十五頁。3. 抗菌術(shù)抗菌術(shù) AntisepsisJoseph Lister (1827-1912), the originator of antiseptic surgery第四頁，共二十五頁。輸血輸血(sh xu) Blood transfusionRichard Lewisohn (1875-19

3、61), a surgeon at the Mount Sinai Hospital, introduced the modern technique of blood transfusion, developed from his discovery of a method of preventing coagulation of the blood outside the body.Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943), one of the first scientists to study the physical processes of immunity. He

4、 is best known for his identification and characterization of the human blood groups, A, B, and O.第五頁，共二十五頁。Theodor Kocher (1841-1917), professor of surgery at the University of Berne and pioneer in the development of surgery of the thyoid. He received the Nobel Prize in 1909.Theodor Billroth (1829-

5、1894), professor at the University of Vienna and pioneer abdominal surgeon, Billroth was one of the most influential teachers of his time.Innovators & Pioneers in Surgery第六頁，共二十五頁。John H. Gibbon (1903-1973), pioneer cardiothoracic surgeon who developed extracorporeal circulation.Alexis Carrel (1

6、873-1944), an experimental surgeon interested in wound healing, tissue culture, organ transplantation, and blood vessel anastomosis. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1912.第七頁，共二十五頁。傅培彬傅培彬 (1912-1989), 瑞金醫(yī)院外科瑞金醫(yī)院外科(wik)創(chuàng)始人創(chuàng)始人第八頁，共二十五頁。1954 二尖瓣分離二尖瓣分離 Commissurotomy of mitral stenosis1958 大面積灼傷大面積灼傷

7、Severe Burn1963 斷肢再植斷肢再植 Replantation of cut limb1977 肝移植肝移植 The 1st case of Liver transplantation 1978 心臟移植心臟移植 The 1st case of Heart transplantation1990s- 二醫(yī)外科全面發(fā)展二醫(yī)外科全面發(fā)展(fzhn) 灼傷外科、消化外科、膽胰外科灼傷外科、消化外科、膽胰外科 Burn surg, Digestive S., P. Biliary 口腔外科、整形外科、小兒心臟外科口腔外科、整形外科、小兒心臟外科 Stomatological S. Plas

8、tic S. Pediatric Cardio S.The role of SSMU in the development of surgery in China第九頁，共二十五頁。二、外科學范疇二、外科學范疇(fnchu)Category of Surgery外科疾病分類外科疾病分類Classification of Surgical Diseases1) 損傷損傷(snshng) Trauma mechanical thermal chemical electrical2) 感染感染 Infection3) 腫瘤腫瘤 Neoplasia Benign, Malignant4) 畸形畸形 A

9、natomical abnormalities Congenital, Acquired第十頁，共二十五頁。5) 內(nèi)分泌功能失調(diào)內(nèi)分泌功能失調(diào) Metabolic & Hormonal disorder6) 梗塞與缺血梗塞與缺血 Infarction & Ischamia7) 其它其它(qt) Others梗阻梗阻Obstruction寄生蟲病寄生蟲病 Parasite diseases靜脈曲張靜脈曲張 Vein varicose第十一頁，共二十五頁。2. 外科專業(yè)外科專業(yè)(zhuny)發(fā)展發(fā)展 Development of Surgical Specialties工作對象和性

10、質(zhì)工作對象和性質(zhì)實驗實驗(shyn)外科外科 Eexperimental Surgery臨床外科臨床外科 Clinical Surgery第十二頁，共二十五頁。2) 人體解剖系統(tǒng)人體解剖系統(tǒng)骨科骨科 Arthrosteopedic surgery頜面外科頜面外科(wik)Dentofacial surgery心胸外科心胸外科Cardiothoracic surgery泌尿外科泌尿外科Urologic surgery神經(jīng)外科神經(jīng)外科Neurosurgery普通外科普通外科General surgery(腹部外科腹部外科) Abdominal surgery第十三頁，共二十五頁。3) 性病性質(zhì)性病

11、性質(zhì) 腫瘤外科腫瘤外科Neoplastic surgery急癥外科急癥外科Emergency surgery創(chuàng)傷外科創(chuàng)傷外科Trauma surgery燒傷燒傷(shoshng)外科外科Burn surgery4) 手術(shù)方式手術(shù)方式整復外科整復外科Plastic surgery顯微外科顯微外科Microsurgery移植外科移植外科Transplantation微創(chuàng)外科微創(chuàng)外科Minimally invasive surgery第十四頁，共二十五頁。5) 年齡年齡 小兒外科小兒外科Pediatric Surgery 成人外科成人外科Adult Surgery6) 專業(yè)專業(yè) 婦科婦科(fk)Gy

12、necology 耳鼻喉科耳鼻喉科Otolaryngology 眼科眼科Ophthalmology第十五頁，共二十五頁。3. 外科外科(wik)總論與各論總論與各論 General Surgery & Special Surgery 外科學總論外科學總論 General Surgery 各臨床外科共同的專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)各臨床外科共同的專業(yè)基礎(chǔ) 基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學與臨床外科學的橋梁基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學與臨床外科學的橋梁外科學各論外科學各論Special Surgery 論述各系統(tǒng)、各臟器論述各系統(tǒng)、各臟器 外科疾病外科疾病(jbng)的病因、病理、診斷與治療的病因、病理、診斷與治療第十六頁，共二十五頁。 外科分子生物

13、學外科分子生物學 Surgical molecular biology 外科免疫學外科免疫學 Surgical immunology 無菌術(shù)無菌術(shù) Aseptic technique 外科水、電解質(zhì)和酸堿平衡外科水、電解質(zhì)和酸堿平衡(pnghng) Fluid and electrolyte management and acid-base balance 輸血輸血 Blood transfusion第十七頁，共二十五頁。外科休克外科休克Surgical shock外科營養(yǎng)外科營養(yǎng)Surgical nutrition多器官功能障礙綜合征多器官功能障礙綜合征Multiple organ dysf

14、unction syndrome, MODS麻醉麻醉(mzu)Anesthesia外科重癥監(jiān)測治療外科重癥監(jiān)測治療Surgical intensive care第十八頁，共二十五頁。心肺腦復蘇心肺腦復蘇 Brain-cardiopulmonary Resuscitation疼痛治療疼痛治療Pain management & Analgesia圍手術(shù)期處理圍手術(shù)期處理(chl)Paraoperative management門診外科門診外科Outpatient surgery外科感染外科感染Surgical infection腫瘤腫瘤Neoplasma第十九頁，共二十五頁。創(chuàng)傷創(chuàng)傷(ch

15、ungshng)Trauma燒傷與冷傷燒傷與冷傷Burns & Cold injury顯微外科顯微外科Microsurgery器官移植器官移植Organ transplantation組織工程組織工程Tissue engineering腔鏡外科腔鏡外科Laparoscopic & thorascopic surgery內(nèi)鏡外科內(nèi)鏡外科Endoscopic surgery外科介入治療外科介入治療Surgical intervention treatment第二十頁，共二十五頁。三、如何三、如何(rh)學習外科學習外科How to learn surgery外科醫(yī)師的職業(yè)道德外科醫(yī)

16、師的職業(yè)道德 Moral Character理論理論(lln)聯(lián)系實踐聯(lián)系實踐 Theory and Practice外科基礎(chǔ)外科基礎(chǔ)Basic theoryBasic knowledgeBasic technique第二十一頁，共二十五頁。Spunk of tiger 膽大膽大形象化的要求形象化的要求(yoqi)Some figure of speech about the basic demandsEyes of eagle 眼明眼明Hands of women 手巧手巧(shuqio)Heart of mother 心細心細(xn x)第二十二頁，共二十五頁。學學 問問- Learn to find questions- Learn to ask questions- Learn to solve questionsBooks are you best teachersLibrary is your best school第二十三頁，共二十五頁。結(jié)束語結(jié)束語Now, you may have a good start- why to learn- how t