職稱英語理工類閱讀理解原文答案譯文

1、【經(jīng)典資料，woRD文檔，可編輯修改】【經(jīng)典考試資料，答案附后，看后必過，WORD文檔，可修改】YoungFemaleChimpsOutlearnTheirBrothersYoungfemalechimpsarefasterandbetterlearnersthanyoungmalechimps,suggestsanewstudy,echoinglearningdifferencesseeninhumangirlsandboys.Whileyoungmalechimpspasstheirtimeplaying.Youngfemalechimpscarefullystudytheirmother

2、s.Asaresult,theylearnhowtofishfortastytermitesnacksovertwoyearsbeforetheboys.ElizabethLonsdorf,nowatLincolnParkZooinChicago,US,andcolleaguesattheUniversityofMinnesota,SaintPaulspentfouryearswatchinghowyoungchimpanzeesintheGombeNationalParkinTanzanialearnedaculturalbehavior”.Thesexdifferencesinlearni

3、ngbehaviorwereaconsistentandstrikinglyapparent”,saystheteam.Theresearcherspointoutthatsimilardifferencesareseeninhumanchildrenwithregardto?skillssuchaswriting."Asex-basedlearningdifferencesmaythereforedatebackatleasttothelastcommonancestorofchimpanzeesandhumans."theywriteinthejournalNature

4、.Chimpsmakeflexibletoolsfromvegetationandtheninsertthemintotermitemounds,extractthemandthenmunchthetermitesclingingontothetool.Theresearchersusedvideocamerastorecordthisfeedingbehaviorandfoundthateachchimpmotherhadherowntechnique,suchashowsheusedtoolsofdifferentlengths.Analysisofthesixinfantswhoseag

5、eswereknownshowedthatgirlchimpswereanaverageof31monthsoldwhentheysucceededinfishingouttheirtermites,wheretheboychimpswereaged58monthsonaverage.Femaleswerealsomoreskillfulatgettingoutmoretermiteswitheverydipandusedtechniquessimilartotheirmotherswhilemalesdidnot.Insteadofstudyingtheirmothers,theboychi

6、mpsspentasignificantlygreateramountoftimefrolickingaroundthetermitemound.Behaviorssuchasplayingorswingingmighthelpthemaleinfantslaterinlifewhentypicallymaleactivitieslikehuntingorfightingfordominancebecomeimportant,suggesttheresearchers.Lonsdorfaddsthattherejusttwomainsourcesofanimalproteinforchimps

7、thetermitesorcolobusmonkeys."Maturemalesoftenhuntmonkeysuptrees,butfemalesarealmostalwayseitherpregnantorburdenedwithaclinginginfant.Thismakeshuntingdifficult,“shesays."Adultfemalesspendmoretimefishingfortermitesthanmales."Sobecomingproficientattermitefishingcouldmeanadultfemaleseatbe

8、tter,“Theycanwatchtheiroffspringatthesametime.Theyoungofbothsexesseentopursueactivitiesrelatedtotheiradultsexroles10ataveryyoungage.練習(xí):1. Whydoyoungfemalechimpslearnfasterthanyoungmalechimpsatfishingfortermites?ABecauseyoungfemalechimpsdon'tplaywiththeirbrothers.BBecauseyoungfemalechimpsbegintos

9、tudytheirmothersearlier.CBecauseyoungmalechimpsneverlearntofishfortermites.DBecauseyoungmalechimpsarenotinterestedintermites.2. Whatarethetoolswithwhichchimpsfishfortermites?ATreebranches.BVegetation.CFruits.DGrass.3. WhichoftheFollowingistrueaboutchimpsfishingfortermitesaccordingtoparagraph6?AMales

10、oftencompetewithfemalesinfishingfortermites.BMalescouldgetoutmoretermiteswitheverydip.CFemalescouldgetoutmoretermiteswitheverydip.DMalesaregoodatmasteringtechniqueforfishingfortermites.4. Howdidtheresearchersexplainthefactthatboychimpsspentmoretimeonplaying?ATheylikehunting.?BTheyenjoyfighting.CIthe

11、lpsthemtostayfit.DItwillmakethemgoodfightersandhuntersinthefuture.5. Accordingtothelastparagrnph,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?AAdultchimpshuntmonkeyswhileyoungchimpsfishfortermites.BThemainsourceofanimalproteinformalechimpsiscolobusmonkeys.CThemainsourceofanimalproteinforfemalechimpsistermites.DFema

12、lechimpsfishfortermiteswhilewatchingtheirchildren.答案與題解1. B根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，雄性小猩猩將時(shí)間用來玩要，而雌性小猩猩則研究她們母親的行為，因此，她們比雄性小猩猩早兩年學(xué)會(huì)捕食白蟻。A、D文中沒有提到，C與、可題沒有關(guān)系。2. B第五段的第一個(gè)句子告訴我們，猩猩用植物作成方便的工具，用來捕食白蟻。A、C和D均是錯(cuò)誤的。3. C該段告訴我們，對(duì)六只小猩猩的分析表明，雌性小猩狠不但較早學(xué)會(huì)捕食白蟻.而且能比雄性小猩猩更為熟練地捕食到更多的白蟻。所以，B和D都不是正確選項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)內(nèi)容文中沒有提到。4. DA、B和C都是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)槲闹袥]有捉到雄性

13、小猩猩喜歡獵食和打斗，也沒有提及玩耍能使他們更健康。D是正確答案。第七段日勻后一句說，他們喜歡玩耍的行為有助于他們長(zhǎng)大后的生活，因?yàn)椋侥菚r(shí)，他們要獵食和爭(zhēng)權(quán)奪位。5. A根據(jù)日勻后一段的內(nèi)容，成年雄猩猩主要獵食生活在樹上的一種叫做colobus（疣猴）的猴子，而雌性猩猩捕食白蟻。所以A是正確選項(xiàng)。B、C和D的內(nèi)容均可在該段中找到。譯文：第十篇？?？年輕雌猩猩學(xué)習(xí)優(yōu)于她們的弟兄一項(xiàng)新的研究顯示，與年輕雄性相比，年輕雌黑猩猩是更快更好的學(xué)習(xí)者，這與人類的兩性學(xué)習(xí)差異相仿。在小雄猩猩玩樂嬉鬧時(shí)候，雌猩猩卻在悉心向母親學(xué)習(xí)。結(jié)果她們比“男孩們”提早兩年學(xué)會(huì)捕獲美味小吃一一白蟻。美國(guó)芝加哥林肯公司動(dòng)物

14、園的ElizabethLonsdorf和她在圣保羅市明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)的同事們用了4年時(shí)間觀察坦桑尼亞Gombe自然公園的年輕黑猩猩學(xué)習(xí)它們的“文化行為”。學(xué)習(xí)行為的性別差異是“一貫和驚人顯著的“，觀察小組報(bào)告說。研究人員指出，類似的差別也存在于人類兒童寫作等技巧的學(xué)習(xí)過程。他們?cè)谧匀浑s志中寫道，“基于性別的學(xué)習(xí)差異因而可以上溯到人類和黑猩猩最近的共同始祖。"黑猩猩用植物制造靈巧的工具，將它們插入蟻丘把白蟻驅(qū)趕出來，再津津有味地享用粘在工具上的白蟻。研究人員用攝像機(jī)記錄下這種捕食行為，發(fā)現(xiàn)每位猩猩母親在諸如怎樣使用不同長(zhǎng)度的工具等方面都有她們自己的訣竅。分析研究六只已知年齡的幼猩猩顯示，雌猩猩在平均31個(gè)月大時(shí)就能成功捕獲白蟻，而雄猩猩則需要到58個(gè)月時(shí)才能學(xué)會(huì)。雌性每次都能熟練地收獲更多的白蟻，并能采用與母親相似的技巧，而雄性卻做不到?！澳泻儭辈幌蚰赣H學(xué)習(xí)，卻花費(fèi)大量