【教育資料】牛津上海版中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)-9-非謂語及五選四_學(xué)案學(xué)習(xí)專用

1、教育資源教育資源學(xué)科教師輔導(dǎo)學(xué)案It is unwise of him to start smoking.=He is unwise to start smoking.(2)常用不定式作主語的句型有：It's difficult (important, necessary, easy, unnecessary, etc.) for sb to do sth.It's kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave, etc.) of sb to do sth.2)作表語：不定

2、式做表語常表示在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后發(fā)生的動作。例： His wish is to become a skillful worker.注意：主語部分已有動作動詞do (不論形式)，作表語的不定式前省略to。例： The only thing I can do now is go on with the experiment all by myself.3)作賓語：常見的直接帶 to不定式的動詞有 like, agree, decide, hope, learn, wish, etc.例： Most of us like to watch football matches.(1)常見的能跟疑

3、問詞帶 to連用的不定式的動詞有decide, find out, show, etc.例：I showed them how to do it.(2)不定式自帶補(bǔ)語時it先行例： We thought it wrong not to tell her the truth.(3)不定式不做介詞后面的賓語，但介詞 except, but, besides除外，注意在這些介詞前若有表示動作的動詞do (不論形式)，作賓語的不定式前省略to。倒：She could do nothing but cry.I have no choice but to go there.洼意： 有些動詞，如 hope,

4、 wish, agree, pretend, refuse, manage, beg, intend; hesitate,offer, fail, expect, decide, prepare, promise等后面只能用動詞不定式作賓語。4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語：句子中的賓語是不定式的邏輯主語。例： He told me to be here on time.在動詞 make, let, have, see, hear, look at, listen to, observe, feel, notice, watch,etc. 后， 作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式要省略“ to, ”但在被動語態(tài)中作主語補(bǔ)足

5、語時必須還原"to"例： The boss made them work twelve hours a day.I heard Bill sing an American folk song the other day.I saw her come in .=She was seen to come in注意：有些動詞，如 hope, suggest, demand, suppose, plan, agree等不能用動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。5)作定語：不定式作定語放在所修飾的名詞后，表示在謂語動詞之后發(fā)生的動作或過去的某一特定動作。例：She has got a lot o

6、f questions to ask.(1)作定語的不定式與修飾的名詞可以是邏輯意義上的主謂關(guān)系。例： He is the first person to run a marathon in less than two hours.(2)作定語的不定式與修飾的名詞也可以是邏輯意義上的動賓關(guān)系。例： He has no house to live in but a lot of work to do.(3)如果不定式的動詞為不及物動詞，應(yīng)在動詞后面加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。例： He is a nice person to work with.6)作狀語：不定式可用作目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語和原因狀語。例：I

7、started early so as to get there before supper.I opened the door to find the room empty.I ' m sorry to hear you are not well.注意：so as to, in order to都是表示目的的不定式短語，so as to不能放在句首，他彳門的否定式為so as not to/inorder not to。不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用于"too+adj./adv.+to do 或“adj./adv.+enough+to do 結(jié)構(gòu)?！崩篐e is strong en

8、ough to lift the case.2 .動詞不定式的否定形式Not+to+動詞原形構(gòu)成；有時也可以用never to do表示否定意義，語氣更強(qiáng)。例： We agreed not to lend him any money.He promised never to tell her anything about this.3 .動詞不定式與疑問詞連用疑問代詞 who , what, which和疑問副詞 when, where, how, why等后面可以接動詞不定式，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短 語，可以在句子中作主語、賓語、表語成分。例：How to use the machine is a

9、 question.（不定式作主語）He doesn ' t know how to use the machine（不定式作賓語）The question is when to hold the training class.（不定式作表語）She told me where to find her little brother.（不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語）4 .too雇吉構(gòu)常表示否定意義例：It ' s too cold to go swimming toda泠天天氣太冷，不能去游泳。注意：在以下幾種情況下，tooto結(jié)構(gòu)意思是表示肯定，常譯作非?！?。1）too toW only

10、 連用（這時 only too=very ）例：I ' m only too glad to help you我非常高興幫助你。2）形容詞 willing , pleased, glad, happy, ready, anxious 等。例： The students are too anxious to know the examination results.學(xué)生們非常急切地想知道考試成績。3）與not, never連用，表示 太不能不”，并不太所以能例：She is too wise not to see that.她很聰明，不會不明白那件事。It's never too

11、 late to mend .亡羊補(bǔ)牢,為時未晚。5 .動詞不定式有五種不同的主動和被動形式1） 一般式to do,表示的動作可能與謂語的動作同時發(fā)生，也可能在其之后發(fā)生。例：I like to read English every morning.2）進(jìn)行式to be doing ,表示不定式的動作已在進(jìn)行，與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生。例： He seems to be reading something interesting now.3）完成式to have done,表示不定式的動作在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生。例：He seemed to have cleaned his bedroom yester

12、day.4）被動式to be done,表示該事情將要被做。例： The new school in the country is to be built soon.5）被動完成式to have been done,表示該事情已被做。例：The sick boy is said to have been sent to hospital already.6 .動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義的幾種情況1）在tooto和enoughto結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式的主動形式可以表示被動意義。例: The .skirt is too small for me to wear.The room is big en

13、ough to live in.2）在there be句型中，可以用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。例: There is a lot of work to do.=There is a lot of work to be done.3） easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, nice, pleasant, comfortable, excitingdangerous, bitter, light , heavy, good, interesting等描述事物特征的形容詞，后面接動詞不定式作狀語時，常用主動形式表示被動意義，主語常常是物。例：

14、The picture is pleasant to look at.4)動詞不定式作定話時，若其邏輯主語是句子的主語或賓語時，則可以用主動形式表示被動意義。例：I have a lot of work to do . ( I 是 to do 的邏輯主語)Give me something to eat . (me 是 to eat 的邏輯主語7 .動名詞的用法1)作主語南方與北方開戰(zhàn)了。例：Running is my favourite sport. 跑步是我最喜愛的運(yùn)動。Fighting broke out between the South and the North.2)作賓語(1)動

15、詞后加動名詞doing作賓語V. + doing sth.admit承認(rèn)avoid避免complete 完成keep繼續(xù)appreciate 感激,consider 認(rèn)為delay耽誤deny否認(rèn)detest討厭endure忍受enjoy喜歡escape逃脫prevent 阻止fancy想象finish 完成imagine 想象mind 介意miss想念postpone 推practise 訓(xùn)1 練recall回憶resent討厭resist抵抗resume繼續(xù)risk冒險suggest 建議face面對include 包括stand忍受understand 理解forgive 寬恕例： Wo

16、uld you mind turning down your radio a little, please?Mr Taylor and his wife enjoy traveling with children.(2)詞組后接doingadmit to , prefer to be used to, lead to , devote oneself to , object to , stick to , be busy, look forward to(to 為介 詞)，no good, no use,It's worth ，as well as, can't help, I

17、t's no use /good , be tired of_, be fond of, be capable of, be afraid of, be proud of, think of / about , hold off, put off, keep on, insist on , count on / upon , set about, be successful in , be good at, take up, give up , burst out, prevent from 3)作表語Her job is washing, cleaning and taking ca

18、re of the children.8 .直擊考點(diǎn)(1)只能接 to + do 的動詞有：decide, agree, hope, want, refuse, plan, need, wish + to do 有些動詞力口 to do 作賓語補(bǔ)足語，常見的有： ask, tell, want, teach + sb. + to do + sth.(2)力口 to + do的重點(diǎn)句型有：It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 做某事花費(fèi)某人多少時間/金錢 It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.做某事怎樣 Would yo

19、u like to ？(2)后接省略to的動詞不定式的動詞有：一感(feel)二聽(hear, listen to)三讓(have, make, let)四看(watch, see,look at, notice)半個幫助(help可以帶to,也可以省略)改為被動語態(tài)時，to要還原。例如： This little boy is made to clean his bedroom every week.省略to的情況有：情態(tài)動詞后 why not/why don ' t you would rather than doing (否定式not doing)(3)力口 doing 做非謂語的

20、動詞?？嫉挠校篹njoy, finish , mind, suggest, miss, admit, deny, keep, imagine ,practice + doing sth. 力口 doing 的情況有： 介詞后 + doing 例如： give up doing sth. , be interested in doing sth.等 feel like + doing (喜歡做某事)/ prefer doing sth. to doing sth.(更喜歡) to 作介詞時的幾個常用短語：look forward to/be used to/ pay attention to +

21、 doing既可加to do也可以加doing,并意思相近的動詞有： begin , start, like, love, hate既可加to do也可以加doing ,但意思不同的動詞有：forget to do忘記去做某事（事情還沒有做）forget doing忘記做過某事（事情已經(jīng)做了，但是忘了）remember to do記得去做某事（事情還沒有做）remember doing記得做過某事（事情已經(jīng)做了）regret to do （對將要彳故的事）遺憾regret doing （對已經(jīng)做過的事）遺憾stop to do停下來去做某事（去做另外一件事情）stop doing停止做某事（停

22、止正在做的事情）【例題精講】例 1.He promised his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.A. seeB. seeingC. sawD. to see例 2.Mario likes cold hot dogs.A. eatB. eatingC. ateD. is eating【課堂練習(xí)】1 .(repair) my TV set cost me 100 yuan.2 .He prefers(read) books at home to(go) shopping on Sundays.3 .Thank you for(tell) me the

23、 news.1.1 ' m looking forward to(receive) your letter soon.5 .Lucy told me(wait) for her at home.6 .W川 you please show me how(use) it?7 .The boy is old enough(dress) himself.8 .Would you like (climb) the mountain with me?9 .Is it necessary (learn) a foreign language?10 .Would you mind not(smoke)

24、 here?11 .How long do you practice(speak) English every morning?12 .we re going to help the trees.A. wateredB. wateringC. to wateringD. water13 .The young man was often seen by the lake.A. to drawB. to drawingC. drawD. drew14 .Who suggested it this way?A. doingB. to doC. to be doneD. do15.1 t's

25、no good over split milk.A. to cryB. cryingC. criedD. D二.五選四【知識梳理】1 .題型概述該題型旨在考查學(xué)生對于詞匯的正確運(yùn)用以及句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)的分析能力，是容易得分的題型之一。2 .解題思路和技巧通常情況下五選四是英語綜合試卷中詞匯與語法相結(jié)合的一部分，在具體解題過程中，主要是判斷所給單詞的詞 性，再結(jié)合具體的句子結(jié)構(gòu)需要進(jìn)行選擇?；窘忸}思路 通過判斷單詞的詞性、詞形和詞義，來選擇正確的單詞。首先判斷詞性中考的選詞填空由九選八改為兩篇五選四，實質(zhì)是降低了選擇的難度。因此在做選詞填空的時候，應(yīng)當(dāng)先從詞性 的角度進(jìn)行判斷，將可能的詞性篩選出來

26、。通過判斷詞形確定所填詞或短語判斷出詞性后，通過對該詞的適當(dāng)形式進(jìn)行判斷，也可以幫助解題：首先判斷詞性中考的選詞填空由九選八改為兩篇五選四，實質(zhì)是降低了選擇的難度。因此在做選詞填空的時候，應(yīng)當(dāng)先從詞性 的角度進(jìn)行判斷，將可能的詞性篩選出來。通過判斷詞形確定所填詞或短語判斷出詞性后，通過對該詞的適當(dāng)形式進(jìn)行判斷，也可以幫助解題：動詞謂語時態(tài)判斷各類非宿語搭配 to do、do運(yùn)、do好容詞.副司各種能的聲蜥糜S1；限級as.as沒有比較期或最高期的含義常用于比較甄的短語： than, much,wen常用于最高級的短 語:of all the student in ±e class,

27、one of-最高級名詞名詞后有?名詞后無丁可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞s通過判斷詞義確定所填詞或短語詞義判斷在選詞填空中，也是十分關(guān)鍵的。因此，在中考復(fù)習(xí)中，需要加強(qiáng)對高頻詞匯的意義的積累。平時在記 憶單詞時，要加強(qiáng)英譯漢的訓(xùn)練。掌握考綱單詞以及詞組的中文含義，根據(jù)上下文的情境，選擇出合適的詞語或 短語。3 .補(bǔ)充歸納常見詞性及用法詞性主要用法與句中位置例句名詞放句首作主語動詞或介詞后作賓語特點(diǎn)；代詞或酒;詞后需用名詞Milk 1 s my favouriTE drink.We can't live w ithout air.ThetMjy v-ants to have a bi

28、ke.動詞放句中忙謂語放句叫心語在介司后（動名詞形式）在另一動詞后（非謂語形式）The man enjoyed s. vomierfLil night. fa king apian is ver>r important.We aie fond ofplaying football PWe hop亡 le have another chance.形容詞系動詞后作表語 名詞前作定浩The link girl seems very excited They bought an expensive car.副詞修飾動詞在形容詢或副詞或整句句苜They#耳叫Fwrkwd out the probl

29、em.L verify,常七 found oorv-ay.Sam was e皿但4 happy.介桐后力造詞,動名詞等The young man made a living 打 selling nvspapers.I had a good time ei注 the Tami ly.連詞并歲睡詞;連接平行的詞，短語或句子4從屬連詞！通常引導(dǎo)另一個從句We nefd rv tncouiagf him 叮$，俯4 give him a handThe bo, is lare fbr school because he staved up list ni ght.【例題精講】A.even though

30、B.strongC.come outD.raiseE.connect例 1. What do mothers in your country do when a child ' s tooth falls out? Japanese mothers throw upper teeth under house, and lower teeth onto the roof. The Japanese think a mouse can eat anything. So they say,the'Your ne'Mr. Mous just li ke a mouse '

31、; s tooth! ' In Nigeria, mothers hide the tooth. A Nigerian mom says, not eat this tooth, or the new tooth will not.If you eat this tooth, I will look for you everywhere and kill you. 'How interesting that people in both Japan and Nigeria a baby tooth with a mouse! It' s also interesting

32、 that these two countries have similar customsthey are so far apart.A.dangerousB.driversC.betterD.responsiblyE.serviceThere ' s new taxi businesin Daker, the capital of the African nation of Senegal. Its name is Taxi Sisters and all of its are women. They are getting a lot of attention, because

33、until now only men were hired to drive taxis. In fact, when it comes to driving a taxi, some people think the women can do a job than the men.Most taxis driven by men are old, hot and uncomfortable. Also, the men usually have bad driving habits. They drive on the sidewalks and do not obey traffic li

34、ghts. This makes riding in their taxis.However, Taxi Sisters cabs are brand-new, and all the vehicles have air conditioning. Most city residents are happy about the change. In addition to the added comfort, they feel that the women drive more than the men.【課堂練習(xí)】s a melting pot where anim（A. discover

35、s B. equal C. environment D. precious E. expresses1. The story starts in a city called Zootopia, which is a city like no other. Itpolice station of big and tough animals isn live together a place where no matter what you are, from the biggest elephant to the smallest shrew（ 地 鼠），you can be anything.

36、 But when the happy officer Judy Hopps arrives, she that being the first rabbit on a（奧秘）t sorabby .decidettleo prove herself. She jumps at the goldenchance to deal with a case, even if it means working with a fox, Nick Wilde, to solve the mysteryThe film the meaning that we should never give up on a

37、 dream or settle down.We' re all , and therefore should treat（對彳f ） others the way we wish to be treated. The film creates a sense of inspiration, encouraging both kids and adults to aim high, work hard and succeed.2. A. serious B. simple C. against D. cancel E. focusMany students suffer from st

38、ress in their daily lives. They are under stress because their lives are not balanced. Theyre too much non studying, dealing with pressure and worrying about what others think, and not enough on other things. You may wonder whether stress is a (2) matter. The answer is " Yes''. You shou

39、ld be awa that stress is a danger to your health. If you want to live a 1ong 1ife, you need to begin to fight (3)stressfrom a young age.Here are some ways to deal with stress and bring balance to your life:Be positive. One way to (4) your stress is through positive thinking, You should always look o

40、n the right side of life, and imagine that you will have a happy and successful future.1.This book will show youcan be used in other contexts.A. how you have observedB. what you have observedC. that you have observedD. how that you have observed2.This bookLucys. Look! Her name is on the book cover.A

41、. must beB. may beC. can ' t beD. mustn ' t be3.- What are you going to do in the future? I ' d like to be a doctor youare.A. soB. asC. whatD. like4 .fine mornings, old people get together and do exercise by the lake.A. OnB. AtC. ToD. In5 .Excuse me. Can I ask for leave now?My mother was

42、 川 in the hospital.A. I'm sorry to hear that.B. That's all right.C. OK. Go ahead.D. You are right.A. directors B. produced C. rarely D. gained E. details6. Zootopia （瘋狂動物城 ）,known as Zootropolis in Europe, is a 2019 American 3D computer-animated comedy adventure film by Walt Disney Animation

43、 Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 55th animated feature （ 動 畫長片）in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series.Byron Howard and Rich Moore are the of Zootopia and feature the voices of Ginnifer Goodwin, Jason Bateman, Idris Elba, J.K. Simmons, Tommy Chong, Octavia Spencer, Jenny

44、Slate, and Shakira. It was released in the Disney Digital 3D, RealD 3D, and IMAX 3D formats on March 4, 2019. Up to now, Zootopia has a total of $311.7 million worldwide. The film tells in all its the unlikely partnership between a rabbit police officer and a red fox con artist （騙子）.7. You can find

45、many such published books in the Shanghai Library.（news）8. Sir Francois Hollande was elected president of in 2019.（Frenchman）9.The girls talked all the way when they came out of cinema.（exciting）1.1 I bought a storybook two weeks ago.（ 保持原句意思 ）Ia storybook for two weeks.1.2 I think wealth is less im

46、portant than health.（ 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 ）I think wealth is important than health.12 .The red car belongs to my mother.（對劃線部分提問） belong to your mother?13 .The decision to further all or part of your studies outside your country is a serious one, and one which formost students will have a special life-long benefi

47、t. If you realize English will help you in your career and enrich your personal life, you will find that coming to England to study English is a very special e that you will never forget. I am very pleased to have this opportunity to invite you to join our English Language courses.London is one of t

48、he world' s outstanding cwhichand trade center. You will l ive in one of the world' s great cities. It provides the perfect arrangements into learn and develop English language skills. The international body of the students attending courses at English language Institutes in London provides

49、an a because it is a good chance for you to enjoy other cultures in surroundingsto develop personal character. As we prepare for the 21st Century, international communication has never been more important. To master a foreign language is becoming a useful tool for trade, industrial and professional

50、s. Our aim at the English language Institutes is to d students ' English language skills in friendly and helpful conditions.Supported by computer, video and audio equipment, and using sound classroom, our team of teachers will guide you through your c course of study, you will receive excellent

51、service and advice at every stage. Our out-of-class support staff will help you settle in and make the most of your stay in London. Truly, you will enjoy yourself in London and make friendships that will last a lifetime. I hope we can welcome you to this e world of London. Come and see us ! Visit a

52、class in any of the English Language Institutes. See for yourself why we encourage you to study in London.14.（上海徐7匚區(qū)二模） Venus（金星）has long been one of the most misunderstood planets. Like the earth, Venus has its own atmosphere. However, the atmosphere is much thicker than that of the earth, which ma

53、kes it difficult for modern scientists to study. There is much we still do not know about what this planet is like. However, using special machines, scientists have?unlocked many of the long-hidden secrets in recent years.Venus is in many ways Earth's sister planet. It is almost the same in size

54、 and chemistry as the earth. In other words, Venus is made up of almost the exact same types of materials as the earth , in about the same amounts.?In the early days of Venus' 4-billion-year-old life, it would have appeared very similar to the earth. The two would have been almost the same. Howe

55、ver, over a period of a few million years ago, Venus took a very different course than the earth. Venus lies much closer to the sun than our planet. It has made Venus terribly hot.Since it is closer to the sun, Venus' temperature should be a little warmer than that of the earth. As the planet warmed, water which can b