高考英語細(xì)節(jié)理解解題技巧

1、高考英語閱讀之理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題在高考中占有較大比例， 其主要考查考生對文章 (或某一段落) 中某一些特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的重要事實的理解能力。所謂細(xì)節(jié)題，是指原文提到了某事物、現(xiàn)象或理論，題干針對原文具體敘述本身發(fā)問。一般包括直接理解題(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用 who, what, when, where, why 和how等提問。)語義轉(zhuǎn)化題(需要將題目信 息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，兩者存在表達(dá)上的差異，有時需要進(jìn)行加工或整理后方能得出結(jié)論)、數(shù)字計算題、排列順序題、圖表圖畫題等。一：常見的設(shè)問方式有：When / Where did the story happen?Whi

2、ch of the following statements is (not) correct?Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?All the statements are true except二常見題型類細(xì)節(jié)題； 2. 數(shù)據(jù)計算題； 3. 排序題； 4. 是非題； 5. 圖標(biāo)題三、設(shè)題方式1 語意轉(zhuǎn)換。細(xì)節(jié)理解題設(shè)題時為了避免出現(xiàn)原文中所用的詞匯，常常使用一些同義詞、近

3、義詞或反義詞 ( 雙重 否定 ) 。因而在解題時要注意語意轉(zhuǎn)換。2設(shè)題順序。一般來說，題序與其相關(guān)信息在文中的順序一致，如某題的答案信息往往會在下一小題的答案信息之前。3 設(shè)題干擾項。(1) 正誤并存：部分正確，部分錯誤。(2) 擴(kuò)大或縮小范圍：是原文信息，但不是題干要求。(3) 偷換概念：符合常識，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。(4) 以偏概全：與原句的內(nèi)容極其相似，但在程度、態(tài)度、褒貶色彩上有變動。(5) 無中生有：明顯不是文章的信息，與文章事實不符或相反。四、解題步驟1 迅速定位，縮小范圍。通過尋讀法(scanning) ，用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞在文中搜索，迅速確定相關(guān)詞句或信息點所在的位置，縮小閱讀范圍

4、。2理解其意，對照選項。在找到關(guān)鍵詞句后，要仔細(xì)閱讀，準(zhǔn)確理解，對照選項，看哪個選項的意思與之最接近。3排除干擾，選出答案。在作出選擇的過程中，要善于辨別真?zhèn)?，排除干擾，不斷縮小范圍，選出正確答案。五、典例精析類細(xì)節(jié)題1) Not long ago, my wife, PJ, and I tried a new diet not to lose a little weight but to answer anannoying question about climate change.Q: Why did the author and his wife try a new diet?A. To

5、 take special kinds of foodB. To respond to climate change.C. To lose weightD. To improve their health2）.Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said

6、 that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.Q: How do people of higher income see their future?A. They will earn less money.B. They will become pessimistic.C. They will suffer mental illness. D. They will have less time to enjoy life.3）（2012 全國 I 卷 C篇）Last night I was driving fro

7、m Harrisburg to Lewisburg, distance of abouteighty miles. It was late. Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left,and I becoming increasingly impatient.Q: Why did the author get impatient while driving?was lonely on the road. was slowed d

8、own by a truck. He got tired of driving too long. D. He came across too many traffic lights.4）Software TrainerIf you are aged 24-45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writi

9、ng. You will be allowed to make you own decisions, and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards of 15,000 pounds for the right person. Please apply by sending you CV（簡歷）to Mrs. R. Lglivie, Palmlace Limited.Q:What kind of person would probably apply to Palmlace Limited?A. One with GCSE

10、grade C level.B. One with some office experience.C. One having good computer knowledge. D. One trained in producing music programme.5）（2015 全國 I ,B）Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets （at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon） filled the weekend, but the best part-particularly to m

11、y taste, dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables- was a 7 . adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.Q: What made the author s getting up early worthwhile?A. Having a swim.B. Breathing in fresh airC. Walking in the morning sun.D. Visi

12、ting a local farmers market.2. 是非題1）Enlisted （征募） in the army in 1997, Liu was an experienced pilot with 1,680 hours of flying experience and the deputy head of a flight unit of the PLA s Air Force before being enlisted into China s second group of prospective astronauts in May 2010. She is now an a

13、ir force major.Q: Which of the following is TRUE about Liu Yang from the passage? once was head of a flight unit of the PLA s Air Force.has become an air force major in 1997.was enlisted into China s second group of prospective astronauts in 2010. three years of training Liu was selected as a candid

14、ate.2） Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illnesscalled food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.Fever is one of the mo

15、stcommon symptoms.Q: Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Food when poisoned can make people sick. B. Food poisoning means death.C. Food poisoning comes in varieties.D. Food poisoning can be serious.3）The new technology has produced various options for students. College Booksellers, whic

16、h operates636 campus bookstores nationwide, is now marketing its new software application, which allows students to read e-textbooks on PCs. The company introduced the free application last summer in the hope of attracting more students to buy its electronic textbooks.“ Now the biggest barrier is ge

17、tting themto try it. ” said the company s vice president.Q: Which of the following is NOT true according to this paragraph?A. College Booksellers operates more than 600 bookstores in campus.B. The free application was introduced to increase sales of elctronic textbooks.C. Campus students now fancy a

18、 try of the free software application.D. The company s management still has to do more to sell the e-textbooks.4）In a world with limited land ， water and other natural resources （ 資源 ）, the harm from the traditional business model is on the ， the past decade has seen more and more forests disappeari

19、ng and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable （ 可持續(xù)的 ） means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable other words ， we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply

20、of natural resources.The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that A it makes the world warmer B it consumes natural resourcesC it brings severe damage to forests D it makes growth hard to continue3. 數(shù)字計算題1）Tuition Fees（ 學(xué)費 ）Tuition fees are different from depart

21、ment to department ， generally from $5， 000 to $6， 000 a further information.Accommodation（ 住宿 ）You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat ， which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one further information.You have to pay at least a year if you study

22、at the University of Waikato.A $5， 250 B $8， 000C. $9, 000 D . $11, 0002) (2010 四川高考)The three ships the MVPrantalay 11, 12, and 14had 77 memberson board in total.All of them are Thai, the spokesman said. Before the Sunday robbing, pirates held 11 ships and 228sailors.Q: How many sailors were held b

23、y the pirates up to the time of the report?A. 228. B. 77. C. 383. D. 305.3)The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy.That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usuallymeasured in calories. A ca

24、lorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of waterby 1 . The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart showsCALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBabyOffice worker7502,700Child aged 8Woman feeding baby2,7002,100Man over 70Boy aged 162,1003,000WomanFarmer3,6002,600

25、Q1)calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35C to 90 C .A.55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 2754)Finally, a cell phoneThat's . a phoneWith rates as low as $ per week!“Well, I finally did it. I finally decided to enter the digital age and get a cell phone. My kids have been annoying

26、 me and the last straw was when my car broke down, and I was stuck by the highwayfor an hour before someone stopped to help. But when I went to the cell phone store, I almost changed my mind. The phones all have cameras, computers and a "global-positioning" something or other that's su

27、pposed to spot me from space. Goodness, all I want to do is to be able to talk to my grandkids! The people at the store weren't much help. They couldn't understand why someone wouldn't want a phone the size of a postage stamp. And the rate plans! They were confusing, and expensive . and

28、the contract(合同)lasted for two years! I'd almost given up untila friend told me about her new Jitterbug phone.Now, I have the convenience and safety of being about to stay in touch - with a phone I can actuallyuse.Monthly Minutes50100Monthly Rate$911 AccessFREEFREELong Distance CallsNo additiona

29、largechNoFriendly Return Policy30 days30 daysFriendly Return Policy 30 days 30 days Call now and receive a FREEgift when you order. Try Jitterbug for 30 days and if you don't love it, just return it! Why wait, the Jitterbug comes ready to use right out of the box. If you aren't as happy with

30、 it as I am, you can return it and get your money back.Call now, the Jitterbug product experts are ready to answer your questions. Call 4 or visit . the monthly basis of 100 minutes, the Jitterbug weekly rate is about.A. $B. $C. $14. 99D. $4.排列順序題1）People can use a home computer to make their shoppi

31、ng at the store, a shopper can use a preferredcustomer card to start a system（ 系統(tǒng)）that will organize the trip around the you're looking for toothpicks , you type in the word or pick it from a list, and a map will appear on the screen showingwhere you are and where you can find them.The devices a

32、lso keeps a record of what you you've finished, the device figures out your you go tothe checker or pla ce your card into a self-checkout stand and pay.Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping card?a. Start the system.b. Make a shopping list.c. Find

33、the things you want.d. Go to a self-checkout stand.A. abdc B . bacd C . acbd D . Bcad2） Back in the fifteenth century, in a tiny village near Nuremberg, lived a family with eighteen children . In spite of the hopeless condition, two of the children, Albrecht Durer and Albert, had a dream. They both

34、wanted to pursue their talent for art . After manylong discussions, the two boys finally worked out an agreement . They would toss a coin . The loser would go down into the nearby mines and, with his earnings, support his brother who attended the academy. Then, when that brother who won thetoss comp

35、leted his studies, in four years, he would support the other brother at the academy.Tossing a coin, Albrecht Durer won and went off to Nuremberg. Albert went down into the dangerousmines and, for the next four years, supported his brother, whose work at the academy was almost an immediate sensation

36、（轟動）.By the time he graduated, he had earned considerable fees for his outstandingworks .When the young artist returned to his village, the Durer family held a festive dinner to celebrate lbrecht s triumphant （勝利的） homecoming Albrecht drank a toast to his beloved brother for the years of sacrifice t

37、hat had enabled him to complete his dream“ And now, Albert, blessed brother of mine,now it is your turn Now you can go to Nuremberg to look for your dream, and I will take care of you ”To show thanks to Albert for all that he had sacrificed, Albrecht Durer painstakingly drew hisbrother s injured han

38、ds with palms together and thin fingers stretched skyward He called his powerful drawing simply “ Hands” , but the entire world almost immediately opened their hearts to his greatmasterpiece and renamed it “ The Praying Hands ”Q1 Which of the following is the correct order of the storya Albrecht went to Nuremberg b Albert supported his brother c The Durer family held a festive dinnerd Albrecht drew his brother s injured hands e The brothers tossed a coin D e, a, b, c, dA b, a, c, d, eB a, e, c, d, bC e, a, c, b, d