初二英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、初二英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：（一）一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, 如 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years 等。be going to do （動(dòng)詞原形）結(jié)構(gòu)：表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事情或者肯定要發(fā)生的事情。 如：It is going to rain.will do 結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來(lái)的用法：1 . 表布預(yù)見(jiàn)Do you think it will rain?You will feel better after a good

2、 rest.2 .表示意圖I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?基本構(gòu)成如下：一般疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成：(1) will+ 主語(yǔ) +do？ Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?(2) there be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問(wèn)句：Will there + be ？Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won否定句構(gòu)成： will + not(won' t) +doSara

3、h won ' t come to visit me next Sunday.特殊疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ will +主語(yǔ)+？What will Sarah do next Sunday?根據(jù)例句，用will改寫(xiě)下列各句例：I don ' t feel well today. (be better tomorrow )I ' ll be better tomorrow.1. Gina has six classes today.(have a lot of homework tonight2. I ' m tired now. (sleep later )3.

4、 My parents need a new car.4. We can ' t leave right now.5. The weather is awful today.(buy one soon )(leave a little later )(be better tomorrow )答案：1. She ' ll have a lot of homework tonight.3. I ' ll sleep later.4. They ' ll buy one soon.5. We ' ll leave a little later.6. Maybe

5、 it ' ll be better tomorrow.（二）should 的用法:should用來(lái)提出建議和忠告，后邊加動(dòng)詞原形，否定句直接在should后邊加not.例如：I think you should eat less junk food.我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該少吃垃圾食品。She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.她經(jīng)常開(kāi)車，很少走路。所以我認(rèn)為她應(yīng)該多走路。Students shouldn ' t spend too much time playing computer

6、games.學(xué)生們不應(yīng)當(dāng)花太多的時(shí)間玩計(jì)算機(jī)游戲。學(xué)習(xí)向別人提建議的幾種句式：(1) I think you should (2) Well, you could (3) Maybe you should (4) Why don' t you ？(5) What about doing sth.?(6) You' d better do sth.用 should 或 shouldn ' t 填空1. I can ' t sleep the night before exams.You take a warm shower before you go to bed

7、.2. Good friends argue each other.3. There is little milk in the glass. We buy some.4. They didn ' t invite you? Maybe you be friendlier.5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I do exercises every day.答案：1. should 2. shouldn ' t 3. should 4. should 5. should(三)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

8、或者過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。1 .構(gòu)成was /were + doing , 例如：I was watching TV at 9 o ' clock last night.at 9 o ' clock last night是時(shí)間點(diǎn)They were playing football all afternoon.all afternoon是時(shí)間段2 .過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞at 8 o ' clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如：I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.昨

9、天的這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在吃午飯。At that time she was writing a book.那陣子她在寫(xiě)一本書(shū)。(表示她在那段時(shí)間里一直在做那件事情。)用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. This time yesterday I r read ) books.2. At 9 o ' clock last Sunday they(have) a party.3. WhenI (come) into the classroom, she(read) a storybook.4. She( play ) computer games while her mother(cook)ye

10、sterday afternoon.5. I(have) a shower when you (call ) me yesterday.答案：1. was reading2. were having3. came; was reading4. was playing; was cooking5. was having; called(四)間接引語(yǔ)形成步驟：(1)不要逗號(hào)，冒號(hào)，引號(hào)(2)要考慮到人稱的變化(人稱的變化與漢語(yǔ)是一致的)(3)要考慮時(shí)態(tài)的變化(4)要考慮時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)示代詞的變化。1 .直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，幾個(gè)主要時(shí)態(tài)的變化規(guī)律直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般將

11、來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)2 .直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，一些詞匯的變化規(guī)律直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)1. am / is1. was2. are2. were3. have / has3. had4. will4. would5. can5. could6. may6. might用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. She said I2. Peter told me he3. She said she4. Bobby said he5. Antonio told me he 答案：1. was(be) hard-working.(be) bored yesterday.(go) swimmi

12、ng last Sunday. (may) call me later. (read) a book then.2. was3. went4. might5. was reading請(qǐng)轉(zhuǎn)述他人說(shuō)的話：1. I go to the beach every Saturday.(Toni)2. I can speak three languages.( Lucy)3. I will call you tomorrow.(Mike )4. I ' m having a surprise party for Lana.(she)(五)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)：if +一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)+將來(lái)時(shí)含

13、義：如果，將要例如：If you ask him, he will help you.如果你請(qǐng)求他，他會(huì)幫助你。If need be, we ' ll work all night.如果需要，我們就干個(gè)通宵。根據(jù)中文提示，完成句子。1 .如果你參加聚會(huì)，你將會(huì)過(guò)得很開(kāi)心。If you the party, you.2 .如果明天下雨，我們將不去野餐。If it tomorrow, we.3 .如果你經(jīng)常聽(tīng)英文歌，你將會(huì)喜歡英語(yǔ)的。If you often, you.答案：1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time2. If

14、it rains tomorrow, we won' t go to the picnic3. If you often listen to English songs, you' ll like English二.完形填空特點(diǎn)及解題思路（一）題型分類與特點(diǎn)完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個(gè)詞，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，從所給的短文整體出發(fā)，在正確理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)句子和句子間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、詞的用法和習(xí)慣搭配等，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞語(yǔ)填空，使補(bǔ)全后的短文意思 通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。這種題型測(cè)試的內(nèi)容從形式上看是單詞或短語(yǔ)的填空，但它必 須注意

15、到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語(yǔ)搭配和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)正確，所以在空格上所填的詞必須 符合語(yǔ)義適用和語(yǔ)法正確兩條原則，只考慮某一側(cè)面都可能導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類：完形填空選擇題和完形填空題。1 .完形填空選擇題：該題型的特點(diǎn)是將一篇短文中若干詞語(yǔ)抽掉留下空格，對(duì)每一空格 提供若干個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，要求考生通讀短文后，在理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用所學(xué)的詞匯、句型、語(yǔ)法等語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，從所提供的備選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，使短文內(nèi)容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語(yǔ)教材難易程度相當(dāng)，字?jǐn)?shù)在 150-200個(gè)單詞之內(nèi)，多數(shù)設(shè)置10個(gè)左右空格，所設(shè)考點(diǎn)涉及詞匯、語(yǔ)法及對(duì)

16、短文內(nèi)容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設(shè)空，以期提供一個(gè)語(yǔ)境，對(duì)每一空格設(shè)置的選項(xiàng)基本都屬于相 同或?qū)Φ鹊脑~類，給判定選擇帶來(lái)一定的干擾，側(cè)重考查了考生準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用詞匯的能力及對(duì)短 文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。2 .選詞填空題：該題型的特點(diǎn)是把抽出的詞打亂順序，不按原文順序排列，放在短文前 面或后面的方框內(nèi)，有時(shí)還增加幾個(gè)文外的詞，要求考生從中選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~以正確的形式填 入短文空格內(nèi)。（A）Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase（短語(yǔ)） "have a day off ” . He 2 , th

17、en he had an idea.a Grandmother is ill. MayI have a day off, 3 ? " he asked the teacher. "Of course, you can. " replied （答復(fù)）the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher's door. " May I have a day off 5 ? " The teacher was very surprised," Did

18、n ' tyou 6 it just now? ” "Yes, sir. But I can' t be here 7 , either. " The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile,“Why didn't you say 'May I have two days off? ' " The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice.“But you only 10 us ' h

19、ave a day off!()1. A. butB. and()2. A. thought hardlyB. thought hard and hardC. hard thoughtD. thought and thought( )3.A.MissB.sir( )4. A. strikeB. best( )5.A.alsoB.again( )6.A.speakB.tell( )7.A.tomorrowB. the day after tomorrowC. yesterdayD. the day before yesterday( )8. A. laughB. to laugh( )9. A.

20、 withB. on( )10. A. teachB. taughtteachingC. orD.forC. teacherD. MrC. hitD.knockC. tooD.onceC. sayD. doC. laughedD. laughingC. inD.byC.are teachingD.were(B)請(qǐng)根據(jù)內(nèi)容從所給的15個(gè)單詞中選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)?0個(gè)填入空白處，使短文完整，有些詞要根據(jù)需要作適當(dāng)?shù)脑~形變化。than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, fo

21、r, whatA generation gap(代溝)has become a serious problem. I read a(1)about it in the newspaper. Somechildren have killed (2) after quarrels (爭(zhēng) 吵)with parents. I think this is (3) they don' t have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend (4) time in the office. (5) they don ' t have much

22、 time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel(6) they don ' t have the same topics (話題)to talk about. I want to(7)parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. Andfor children, show your feeling(8) your parents. They are the people who (9) you.

23、So tell them your thoughts(想法).In this way, you can have abetter (10) of each other.完形填空選擇題的一般解題思路是：1 .跳過(guò)空格、通讀全文、把握大意。先跳過(guò)空格，通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文，獲得整體印象，做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨，較好地把握短文大意。要在閱讀理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上才開(kāi)始判定選擇，切忌倉(cāng)促下筆。2 .結(jié)合選項(xiàng)、綜合考慮、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合所給備選項(xiàng)細(xì)讀 全文，聯(lián)系上、下文內(nèi)容，注意從上、下文的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語(yǔ)搭配及從選擇項(xiàng)中尋找解題的 提示，以詞、句的意義為先，再?gòu)姆治鼍渥咏Y(jié)

24、構(gòu)入手，根據(jù)短文意思、語(yǔ)法規(guī)則、詞語(yǔ)固定 搭配等進(jìn)行綜合考慮，對(duì)備選項(xiàng)逐一進(jìn)行分析、比較和篩選，排除干擾項(xiàng)、初步選定答案。3 .瞻前顧后、先易后難、各個(gè)擊破。動(dòng)筆時(shí)要瞻前顧后、通篇考慮、先易后難。對(duì)比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能確定答案的，先跳過(guò)這一空格，繼續(xù)往下做， 最后回過(guò)頭來(lái)再集中精力解決難點(diǎn)。這時(shí)可結(jié)合已確定答案的選項(xiàng)再讀一遍短文，隨著對(duì)短文理解的深入，可以降低試題的難度，提高選擇的正確率。4 . 復(fù)讀全文、逐空驗(yàn)證、彌補(bǔ)疏漏。完成各道題選擇后，把所選的答案代入原文，再把全文通讀一篇，逐空認(rèn)真復(fù)查?？此x定的答案是否使短文意思前后連貫、順理成章，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確，是

25、否符合習(xí)慣表達(dá)法。如發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤答案或有疑問(wèn)的，應(yīng)再次推敲、反復(fù)斟酌、做出修正。完形填空試題的一般解題思路是：1. 跳過(guò)空格、通讀短文、了解大意。解題時(shí)先跳過(guò)空格，通讀完形填空的短文，了解全篇的內(nèi)容和要旨。要重視首句，善于以首句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣為立足點(diǎn)，理清文脈，推測(cè)全文主題及大意。2. 復(fù)讀短文、確定語(yǔ)義、判斷詞形。把握短文大意后再認(rèn)真復(fù)讀短文，利用上下文的語(yǔ)境，結(jié)合所學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)，先確定空格處所需詞語(yǔ)的意義，再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據(jù)詞語(yǔ)搭配和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，判斷所填的詞的正確形式。3. 三讀短文、上下參照、驗(yàn)證答案。在短文的每一空白處填上一個(gè)詞后，將完

26、成的短文再細(xì)讀一遍，上下參照，連貫思考。把所填的答案放入短文中進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，可從上、下文內(nèi)容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無(wú)誤等進(jìn)行綜合驗(yàn)證，凡有疑問(wèn)必須重新推敲（三）課文閱讀指導(dǎo)1. 初中閱讀閱讀理解能力（ 1）理解主旨要義（ 2）理解文中具體信息（ 3）根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)生詞的意義（ 4）做出簡(jiǎn)單判斷的推理（ 5）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)（ 6）理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度2. 培養(yǎng)良好閱讀習(xí)慣（ 1）擴(kuò)大視距（ 2）克服聲讀（ 3）克服逐字讀3. 猜測(cè)詞文（ 1）通過(guò)標(biāo)題或主題句進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)（ 2）文章的標(biāo)題或主題句可包括作者的意圖和傾向、篇章的總體意義和深層意義，因 此通過(guò)文章標(biāo)題或主題句進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)，以

27、便正確理解。（ 3）通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)記進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)（ 4）語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)記包括關(guān)聯(lián)詞、轉(zhuǎn)換詞也包括其他關(guān)鍵詞。（ 5）利用背景知識(shí)預(yù)測(cè)（ 6）利用圖片進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)（答題時(shí)間：80 分鐘）. 選擇填空。） 1. Beijing won the chances the 2008 Olympics.A. to hostB. hostC. hostingD. hosted） 2. Tiger Woods can make billions dollars a year.A. forB. with C. ofD. on） 3. You looked so beautiful at the party.A. No, I don

28、 t think so B. Of courseC. Thank you very muchD. No, I m not beautiful（） 4. The text is very easy for you. There are new words in it.A. a fewB. a littleC. few D. little（） 5. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper “ Who Moved Mycheese” was an interesting book.A. thatB. what C. how D. if（） 6.

29、In our English study reading is more interestingthan speaking, I think. I don t agree. Speaking is reading.A. as important asB. so important asC. the more importantD. the most important（） 7. If he harder, he ll catch up with us.A. workB. worksC. workedD. will work（） 8. The manager that the business

30、would be worse after the stock（股票）went down.A. talkedB. told C. said D. spoke（） 9. We should keep in the reading-room.A. quietB. quietlyC. quiteD. quickly（） 10. I think everything goes on well.A. So I doB. I do soC. So do ID. So is I（） 11. If you want to watch TV, you may turn .A. downB. it onC. on

31、itD. it off（） 12. I m sorry I haven t got any money. I ve my handbag at home.A. missedB. left C. put D. forgotten（） 13. He is listening to the music she is washing clothes.A. afterB. beforeC. that D. while（） 14. It takes time to go to Beijing by plane than by train.A. moreB. fewerC. longerD. less（）

32、15. Excuse me. Have you got an eraser? Sorry, I haven t. Why you ask Mary? Perhaps she s got one.A. doB. don t C. did D. didn t二 . 選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鹫Z(yǔ)。1. What were you doing when the UFO landed?A. Your teacher won t let you in.B. He said I couldn 't stay outC. I wasdoing myD. No, theywon ' t.will have a

33、 credit card.E. You should listen to some relaxing music.2. Will people use paper late.money in the future?3. I can ' t sleep, what should I do? homework.4. If I wear jeans to school, Everyonewhat will happen?5. What did your father say?三.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示填空：1 .不知道該怎么辦，你能給我點(diǎn)建議嗎？I don ' t know to do, ca

34、n you give me some?2 .外星人正在買(mǎi)紀(jì)念品的時(shí)候，我給警察打了個(gè)電話。While the alien was a souvenir, I the police.3 .我放學(xué)回家的路上，看見(jiàn)一只貓從窗戶里跑了出來(lái)。On my way home from school, I saw a cat get a window.4 .我不想在電話里跟你談?wù)撨@件事情。I don ' t want to talk it with you the phone.5 .我們要在周五晚上為約翰舉辦一個(gè)驚喜的晚會(huì)。We are going to have a party for John F

35、riday evening.四.完形填空：把下面五個(gè)句子放在文章中的恰當(dāng)位置，使文章完整。Three menwent up in a balloon （氣球）.They started early in London. The headman was Ted, and the other two men were Davy and Emilio. 1 Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope 1子）,and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At t

36、he end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So 2 . It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and3 . The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past

37、 the men' s basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. 4 , but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a bla

38、ck hole in the ice.At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so 5 . They rose to 5,100 metres! Everything becameicy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilometres from London!A. The men tried to

39、throw out some more sandB. they were able to change its weight（重量）C. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way.D. they climbed to get away from the snowE. the air there was very cold五.閱讀理解(A)Einstein Was Waiting for His FriendOnce Einstein was waiting for one of his friends on a brid

40、ge. He was thinking a oblem. While he was waiting, it began to rain. The rain kept on for some time. When Einstein took out a piece of paper from his pocket to write something down, the paper was wet and then he knew that it was raining. His clothes had become wet. But after he put the paper into hi

41、s pocket, he forgot he was standing in the rain again.Many scientists are not careful with their lives. This is because they are too careful with their studies.1. What did Einstein do? He was.A. a doctorB. a teacherC. a scientist2. Why was Einstein on a bridge.A. Because he was writing something on

42、the bridge.B. Because he was waiting for a friend.C. Because he was thinking.3. It rained.A. sometimesB. for some timeC. for a long time4. Einstein and began to write something on it.A. bought a piece of paper.B. took a piece of paper from his car.C. took out a piece of paper from his pocket.5. Whic

43、h is true?A. Einstein was careful with his work.B. Einstein was careful with his clothes.C. Einstein was careful with his friends.(B)生活中總會(huì)有許多意外事故發(fā)生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。請(qǐng)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)1 5小題所描述的救護(hù)方法，從A-G七幅圖中找出與題意相應(yīng)的圖畫(huà)(本題共有七幅圖，你只能選五幅圖，多選不給分。)1. If the person has stopped breathing, you must try to start his / her

44、breathing at once. The best thing is to use the mouth-to-mouth way. Lay the person on his / her back and breathe into his / her mouth.2. If the person is bleeding(流血)badly, you must try to stop the bleeding.Press on the bleeding point with a piece of clean cloth and hold up the part of the body which is bleeding.3. If you are bitten (cut by teeth ) b