8重點(diǎn)初中八大時(shí)態(tài),被動(dòng)語態(tài)

1、精心整理動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)語法學(xué)案【學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容】 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài):時(shí) 體現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does一般過去時(shí)did/ were一般將來時(shí)will do一般過去將來時(shí)would do進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are doing過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doing將來進(jìn)行時(shí)will be doing過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)wouldbe doing完成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/have done過去完成時(shí)Had done將來完成時(shí)will have done過去將來完成時(shí)wouldhave done完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)has/have been doing過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)hadbeen doing將來

2、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)will have been doing過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)-would have been doing一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：(動(dòng)詞原形)sb+be(am/is/are)+ 表語，sb+do/does+n(賓語)(1)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)：e.g. We have meals three times a day.He is always ready to help others.(2)表示不受時(shí)間限制的事實(shí)或普遍真理。e.g. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(3)用在狀語從句中，構(gòu)成主將從現(xiàn)”的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g. I w

3、ill let you know as soon as I hear from him.(4)表示已安排或計(jì)劃好將來必定發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，一般用be, come, go, arrive, leave, start等動(dòng)詞。e.g. My birthday falls on May 2.The ship leaves at 9:00 a.m(5)圖片說明、電影說明、解說戲劇內(nèi)容及場景等。(6)由 here, there, now, then 開頭的句子e.g. There goes the bell.Now comes your turn.二、一般過去時(shí)：(動(dòng)詞過去式)sb+be(was/w

4、ere)+ 表語，sb+did(動(dòng)詞過去時(shí))+n(賓語)表示在過去時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用yesterday, last night, in 1990,two days ago, the day before yesterday last summer; at that timee.g. He didn ' t watch TV last night.三、一般將來時(shí)：(will(shall) do)表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用tomorrow, next year, next week, in thefuture, the

5、day after tomorrow。e.g. He will be back in a few days.注意將來時(shí)幾種形式的區(qū)別：will(shall) do, be going to do, be about to do, be doing, be to do, do/does(l)will(shall) do 表示將來要出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；表示事物的必然趨勢；表示主語的意愿” .w川還有臨時(shí)決定去做.e.g. Tom will come back next week.Man will die without air.-Who will go and help that poor old

6、man?-Mary will .(瑪莉愿意。)be going to do表示即將會(huì) ，打算將(人打算去做);表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)象對未來進(jìn)行推斷e.g. He is going to speak on TV this evening.他計(jì)劃今晚到電視臺(tái)講話 .Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.be about to do即將(馬上要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.),此句型不與時(shí)間狀語連用e.g. The train is about to leave. 火車就要開了 .be doing表示定于 (指接近的將來動(dòng)作)e.g. He is leaving for

7、 Hong Kong tomorrow morning.他定于明天早晨到香港去 .(5) be to do表示按計(jì)劃或安排要做的事情(定于，指預(yù)定的將來動(dòng)作)e.g. President Bush is to visit China next month. - -She is to get married next month. 表示 應(yīng)該"指令性的動(dòng)作，相當(dāng)于should/must/have toI Ie.g. This medicine is to be taken three times a day.You are to report to the police. 表示 想，打

8、算”，相當(dāng)于intend, want.(能用在從句當(dāng)中)e.g. If we are to be there before ten, we' ll have to go now.be to be done的被動(dòng)語態(tài)e.g. The news is to be found in the evening paper.(6) do/does表示按計(jì)劃、安排將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).一般表示規(guī)定好的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).e.g. The train leaves at 8 o' clock.The class begins at 9 o '-clock.四、過去將來時(shí)：(would do

9、; was/were going to do)過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某一時(shí)間來看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用在賓語從句中。e.g. No one knew he was going to come.He said that he would go to the cinema.五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)彳f 時(shí)： ( am/is/are+doing )1 .表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或目前這段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作e.g. I was having breakfast at 7 in the morning.They are learning Chinese in Beijing.2 . be always d

10、oing表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，帶有贊賞，厭惡等情緒.e.g. He is always thinking of othersHe is always making the same mistakes.3用進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示過程e.g. It ' s getting cold.The leaves on the trees are turning brown.六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：(was/were+doing )表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這一特定的過去時(shí)間可用時(shí)間狀語表示也可由上下文暗示。常用時(shí)間狀語：then, at that time , this time yester

11、day , at ten yesterdaye.g. As I was walking in the park, it began to rainThey were listening to the teacher attentively when the bell rang.精心整理七、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)：( will be doing )表示將來某一時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。e.g. I will be busy this evening. I will be writing an article.八、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：(have/has+done)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是以過去的時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)，表示過去的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)

12、在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語：so far, since, for, in the past few years, up to now, till(until)now, recently, for a longtime, already,yet, just, before, recently, lately(注:already常用于肯定句,yet常用于否定句和疑問句中，且常位于句末)e.g. He has been in the League for three years.They haven ' t finished their home

13、work yet.We have already worked out that problem.注意:since從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 ，句子意思是肯定的含義，即：自從干至今.但是從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞若是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，句子的意思是否定的，即：自從不干.已經(jīng).e.g. It is 20 years since we came here.自從我們來這兒已經(jīng)20年了 .It is 20 years since we lived here.自從我們不在這兒住已經(jīng)20年了 .常見的瞬間動(dòng)詞有 :come, go, get to/reach/arrive at, leave, buy, sell, o

14、pen, close, get up, join/take part in, begin/start, return/give, borrow/lend, become/turn, bring/take, jump, die, finish/end, receive/hear from, marry, break, lose 。I IThat/It is the first/second州me(thatj 要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài))e.g. This is the first time (that) I have come here.注意：做題的時(shí)候，一定要先審清題，然后在做，出題時(shí)可能會(huì)利用你的思維

15、定式，給你設(shè)下套兒.e.g. I in London for many years, but I' ve mevfniared|<E)ctteon to move back to China.A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived注意：一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：His brother was in the army for five years. 他的兄弟當(dāng)過 5 年兵。(現(xiàn)已退役)His brother has been in the army for five years.他的兄弟已當(dāng)兵5 年。(現(xiàn)仍在部隊(duì)里)九

16、、過去完成時(shí)：(had done)過去完成時(shí)表示過去的過去，即一件事情發(fā)生在過去，而另外一件事情先于它發(fā)生.e.g. She said (that) she had never been to Paris.When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.過去完成時(shí)一般和過去時(shí)一起出現(xiàn)sb had done sth before sb did/ sb did sth after sb had donee.g. I hadn't learned any English before I came here.我來這兒之前沒學(xué)過英語。I we

17、nt out for a walk after I had done my homework.做完作業(yè)之后，我出去散步.注意：做題的時(shí)候，一定要先審清題，然后在做，出題時(shí)可能會(huì)利用你的思維定式，給你設(shè)下套兒.He football regularly for many years when he was young.A. has played B. had played C. played D. plays過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語：by last year/by the time of,by +含一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子表示到為止”e.g. Edison had built a chemistry la

18、b by the time he was ten注意下面的句子：e.g. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, it too late for him' tolldoeanything about it.A. walks B. walked_C. has walked D. had walked(2)用于 hardly -when, no sooner than!勺句式中，表示 就”精心整理e.g. We had hardly come home when it rained.Hardly had we come home when it

19、rained.(3)用在“It wasthe first/secondtime+that 句型中 ”用在“It was/had been一段時(shí)間 since sb had done 句型中e.g. It was the third time that he had made the mistakes.It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.十、將來完成時(shí) ：(will have done)常用的時(shí)間狀語：by+表示將來的時(shí)間e.g. By this time of next year, all of you will ha

20、ve become college students.H一、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(has/have been doing) 一直做表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作開始于過去，并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且仍在進(jìn)行。e.g. He has been learning English for 6 years.十二、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：(had been doing ) 一直做表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作開始于過去，并一直持續(xù)到過去，并且仍在進(jìn)行動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)：（主動(dòng)語態(tài)、被動(dòng)語態(tài)）被動(dòng)語態(tài)：時(shí) 體現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般is/am/are donewas/were donewill/shall be done產(chǎn)1 1/ . jJ. /would/shou

21、ld be done進(jìn)行is/am/are being donewas/werebeing donewill/shall be being donewould/shouldbe being done完成have/has been donehad beendonewill/shall have been donewould/should have been done完成 進(jìn)行Have/has been being done" Ihad been being done1 L" JWill/shall have been being donewould/should have b

22、een being done(1)get+過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，即get+done e.g. The patient got treated once a week.He fell off the car and got killed.(2)主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的一些詞： 感官動(dòng)詞:look, sound, feel, smell taste系動(dòng)詞：appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keepe.g. The steel feels cold. His plan proved (to be) practical.sth

23、+be+adj to do某事做起來如何 e.g. The clothes are easy to wash.=The clothes wash easily.動(dòng)詞need , require , want作需要”解時(shí)，其后跟非謂語動(dòng)詞作它的賓語時(shí)，必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示 被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)式。e.g. The window needs / requires / wants cleaning / to be cleaned.worth的主語通常是物，但其后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，不能接不定式的被動(dòng)式e.g. The book is well worth reading.

24、注意:be worthy of being done=be worth doingThe book is worthy of being read.表示被動(dòng)的詞組：s reach, beyond belief, in print, in sight,onunder+名詞 under repair, under treatment, under control, beyond one out of control, out of fashion, for sale, for rent精心整理(3)不能用于被動(dòng)的詞組. happen, take place, break out, come abo

25、ut, come out , belong to, date backe.g. What has happened over there ?How did it come about ?真題演練1 . I'm calling about the apartment you the otherday.Could you tell me more about itA . advertisedC. are advertising2 . Could I use your car tomorrow morning?Sure.I a report at home.A . will be writi

26、ngC. have written3 . What about your self-drive trip yesterday?B. had advertisedD . will advertiseB. will have writtenD . have been writingA .hadB.have_.一心，1 I/ZiC.would haveD .have had4 .Hurry up , kids ! The school busfor us !、 1 !Tiring ! The road is being widened , and we a rough ride.A . waitsB

27、. was waitingC. waitedD . is waiting5 . On Monday mornings it usually me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance isonly 20 miles.-A . takes. / / 'jC. took6. Jim a late night film at home whenblank.B. is takingD . will take,right in the middle of a thrilling scene,the television wen

28、tA . watchedB. had watchedC. was watchingD . would be watching7 . Shakespeare ' s play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years.A . had been madeC. has been made8 . Hurry up ! Mark and Carol us.A . expectC. have expected9 . So what is the procedure?B. was madeD . would be mad

29、eB. are expectingD . will expectAll the applicants before a final decision is made by the authority.精心整理A. interview B. are interviewing C. are interviewed D. are being interviewed10. He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all, he it for a very long time.A . has hadB. had hadC. hasD. hadA檔（鞏固專

30、練）1 . Whatever you have found , you should give it back to whomever it.A . is belonged toB . is belonging toC. belonged toD . belongs to2 . Now the world ' s atttion the stock markets , as they have a great influence on the world economy.A . is fixing onB . has fixed onC. is being fixed onD . ha

31、d been fixed on3 . I like these English songs and they many times on the radio.A . taughtB . have taughtC. are taughtD . have been taught- J 丁 _ I 以4 . I would have helped you , but I the whole week.A . was really occupiedB. really occupiedC. have really occupiedD . will be really occupiedX 5 . Tom

32、is so joyful that he smiles at everyone.So you if you get the first in the exam.A . doB. areC. wouldD. will6 . What were you doing when Lucy in yesterday?I had just finished my homework and to take a shower.-I IA. dropping ； startB . had dropped ； startedC. dropped ； have startedD . dropped ； was st

33、arting7 . I to go for a walk , but someone called and I couldn' t get away.A . was planningB. plannedC. had plannedD . would plan8 . Mom , where is my lunch pack?Just where it.A. has been B. had beenC. wasD . be9 .W川 you be able to see Jennifers parents when the first class is over?I， m afraid n

34、ot.I a lecture on British literature in the hall.A. will attendB.C. will be attending10 . We for cheap houses but havenA . are looking ； oneC. have been looking ； oneD.11 . We are confident that the environmentam attendingD . am going to attend 't found we like yetB . have looked ； itlooked ； th

35、emB檔（提升精練）by our further efforts to reduce pollution.A . had been improvedB . will be improvedC. is improvedD . was improved12 . The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers one of the main pipes.A.had repairedB- have repairedC. repairedD . are repairing-x f，_ I 1/13. Around two

36、 o ' clock every night Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat us.A . bothersB. had botheredC. would botherD . bothered14. If nothing , the oceans will turn into fish deserts.A. doesB.C. will doD .15. I don ' t understand why you didnI ' m so sorry.But I my homework.A . had doneB

37、.C. would doD .-I I16. Oh no ! We' re too late.The trainThat ' s OK.Wehad been doneis done't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.was doingam doingll catch the next train to London.A . was leavingB. had leftC. has leftD . has been leaving17 . The girl has a great interest in sport and b

38、adminton classes twice a week over the last three years.A .tookB.is takingC.takesD.has beentaking18 . I felt very tired when I got home , and I straight to bed.A .goB.wentC.had goneD.have gonethreeedialysilarterintil19 . The letters for the boss on his desk but he didnA . were putB. was putD . has p

39、ut20 . I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I to Shanghai.A . will be flyingC. have been flyingB. will flyD . have flownC檔（跨越導(dǎo)練）21 . When did you move to Qionghai?B. would workIn 2009.But I in Haikou for many years.A . have workedC. have been workingD . worked10.22 . Who do you think for the accident?A. to blameB. to be blamedC. is to be blamedD . is to blame23 . I have ca lled the station and they tol