高二完形填空專練（課堂PPT）

1、- 1 -1CET 4 -CLOZE- 2 - - 2 -2contents 1.完型填空題的設(shè)計(jì) 2.完型填空題的做題步驟 3.完形填空四大考點(diǎn)及解題技巧 4. 完形填空中常用短語- 3 - - 3 -3大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試大綱的要求大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試大綱的要求 完形填空是大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試的一個(gè)組成部分，考試大綱規(guī)定,該部分“共20題，考試時(shí)間 15分鐘，在一篇題材熟悉，難度適中的短文(240-300詞)中留出20個(gè)空白，每個(gè)空白為一題，每題提供四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，要求考生在全面理解文章內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，選擇一個(gè)最佳答案,使短文的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)恢復(fù)完整。填空的詞項(xiàng)包括結(jié)構(gòu)詞和實(shí)義詞。完形填空部分的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生綜

2、合運(yùn)用語言的能力”，包括語法概念，詞匯運(yùn)用，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解等綜合能力。- 4 - - 4 -4一、完型填空題的設(shè)計(jì) 設(shè)計(jì)者遵循一定的要求和準(zhǔn)則遵循一定的要求和準(zhǔn)則，以保證測(cè)試的信度和效度。所給的空有規(guī)則的排列，大約在近250250字的文章中每隔816字就有一個(gè)空格，而且是按照一定的間隔并根據(jù)語法或詞匯測(cè)試的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)的。這些空格表面看起來沒有什么意義，實(shí)際上綜合了詞匯、語法結(jié)構(gòu)以及閱讀理解所要測(cè)試的內(nèi)容，它不僅測(cè)試應(yīng)試者在詞匯和句子水平上運(yùn)不僅測(cè)試應(yīng)試者在詞匯和句子水平上運(yùn)用語言的能力用語言的能力，還測(cè)試應(yīng)試者在語篇上綜合運(yùn)用還測(cè)試應(yīng)試者在語篇上綜合運(yùn)用語言結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。語言結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。完形填空中

3、所填的詞是與文章的上下文緊密聯(lián)系的。所以難度較大，往往成為學(xué)生失分較嚴(yán)重的題項(xiàng)。- 5 - - 5 -5一、完型填空題的設(shè)計(jì) 從內(nèi)容看，完型填空涉及說明文，議論文從內(nèi)容看，完型填空涉及說明文，議論文等眾多文體體裁，而題裁更涉及到社會(huì)領(lǐng)等眾多文體體裁，而題裁更涉及到社會(huì)領(lǐng)域的方方面面，政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、教育域的方方面面，政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、教育、醫(yī)學(xué)、天文、體育、科技等等。所以考、醫(yī)學(xué)、天文、體育、科技等等。所以考生具備大量的背景知識(shí)也是格外重要的。生具備大量的背景知識(shí)也是格外重要的。- 6 - - 6 -6二、完型填空題的做題步驟 完形填空的測(cè)試點(diǎn)及解題方法從表面來看，就是要求考生把每個(gè)句子中刪

4、掉的詞恢復(fù)出來。因此，要做好完形填空，必須要在通讀全文、把握結(jié)構(gòu)與大意的前提下，根據(jù)所提供的選項(xiàng)及句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、語法、語篇等信息，通過邏輯推理、對(duì)比等手段最后確定答案。根據(jù)完形填空這一測(cè)試特點(diǎn)，一般采取以下五個(gè)步驟五個(gè)步驟逐一進(jìn)行。- 7 - - 7 -7步驟一步驟一，通讀全篇，把握總的思想，了解知識(shí)背景。 完形填空題在出題時(shí)有這樣一條準(zhǔn)則：去掉20個(gè)空不影響對(duì)整篇的理解，而且一般而言，短文的前兩句話不應(yīng)設(shè)題。我們應(yīng)該細(xì)讀文章首句，因?yàn)檫@是我們了解文章的“窗口”。這樣，我們就可以判斷體裁、把握背景、推測(cè)大意、主題或結(jié)判斷體裁、把握背景、推測(cè)大意、主題或結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)。這一點(diǎn)很重要。在閱讀文章的過程中，學(xué)

5、生積極搜集頭腦中已有的相關(guān)知識(shí)，結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容形成對(duì)文章的整體把握，我們稱之為圖式。圖式能夠幫助我們對(duì)文章內(nèi)容產(chǎn)生期待，能夠簡化推斷，并在隨后的閱讀中，不斷修正，以求與原文一致。- 8 - - 8 -8步驟二步驟二，選擇答案 有兩中選擇答案的方法：一，可以不看選項(xiàng)，自己猜測(cè)正確答案，然后再在選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中選擇最接近自己猜測(cè)的一項(xiàng)。二，可以將選項(xiàng)帶入空格內(nèi)檢測(cè)。 按照先易后難的原則，即首先選出那些只根據(jù)上下文就能確定的直接的明顯的答案。這就增強(qiáng)了信心，減輕了心理壓力。然后瞻前顧后，不要忘記首尾照應(yīng)。另外，要牢記文章的中心思想，每個(gè)空白處的含義應(yīng)與前后句的意義聯(lián)系起來理解。- 9 - - 9 -9步驟三，

6、為不確定答案尋找線索 文章前面的空格提出的問題很有可能要到文章的末尾才能找到答案。所以，對(duì)于那些難度頗高的空格只有在字里行間尋找線索。一定要上下連貫，合乎邏輯。步驟四，回頭補(bǔ)缺 我們不提倡在一個(gè)題上耽誤太多的時(shí)間。如果有一個(gè)不會(huì)我們可以暫時(shí)放過，繼續(xù)思路做下面的題，等通篇做完后再回過頭來考慮這個(gè)選項(xiàng)。切忌，一定要保證思維的連續(xù)性和統(tǒng)一性。- 10 - - 10 -10步驟五，核實(shí)答案 我們可以從以下幾方面對(duì)所選答案進(jìn)行核查： 1)所選擇的單詞或短語是否符合本句內(nèi)容，使上下文連貫和諧，與全文意義相協(xié)調(diào)； 2)所選擇的單詞或短語是否符合某種固定搭配；3)所選擇的單詞或短語是否符合某種句型、時(shí)態(tài)、語

7、態(tài)的特殊要求，如虛擬語氣從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用原形(過去式、過去完成式)；4)所選詞本身或附近的詞有無特殊要求，如有些動(dòng)詞后面只接動(dòng)名詞而不能接不定式。 5)保持自信，不要輕易否定以前選過的選項(xiàng)。必要時(shí)對(duì)個(gè)別答案仍需推敲，發(fā)現(xiàn)不妥，要重新考慮，但應(yīng)慎重，無確實(shí)把握，仍應(yīng)相信第一印象。- 11 - - 11 -11三.完形填空四大考點(diǎn)1)語境詞匯題占30% 詞義和詞形的辨析2)固定搭配題30%3)語法結(jié)構(gòu)題20%4)邏輯推理題20%- 12 - - 12 -121、語境詞匯題 1)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn) 原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)是指相同的單詞在原文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，達(dá)到文章銜接的目的，我們可以利用這種銜接方法找到要填入的單詞在原文中的

8、同現(xiàn)詞，也就找到了試題的答案。- 13 - - 13 -13 【真題】 The smokers _a lot. In fact, the non-smokers who must breathe the air polluted by tobacco smoke may suffer more than the smokers themselves. （ 1991 ）A. suffer B. endure C. tolerate D. bear Wisebuyingisapositivewayinwhichyoucanmakeyourmoneygofurther.The yougoabout

9、purchasinganarticleoraservicecanactuallysaveyoumoneyorcanaddtothecost.(2004.12)A)formalB)way C)methodD)fashion - 14 - - 14 -14 but it is the subconscious (下意識(shí)的) 8 that go to work to dig up a dim memory. Meanwhile, deeper mental activities in the subconscious mind are taking place. A) deeds B) activi

10、ties C) movements D) procedures- 15 - - 15 -152)同義詞或近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)是指相同或相近的單詞在原文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，以達(dá)到文章銜接的目的。在完形填空試題中，就可以利用這種銜接方式找到要填入單詞的同義詞或者近義詞，也就找到了試題的答案。這也包括了同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，即相同詞根構(gòu)成的不同詞性的單詞在文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。- 16 - - 16 -16ThewayyougoaboutpurchasinganarticleoraservicecanactuallysaveyoumoneyorcanaddtothecostBeforeyoubuyanexpensive ,

11、oraservice,dochecktheprice(2004.12) A)item B)element C)particle D)component - 17 - - 17 -17 3)3)反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)是指和前文中詞義相反的單詞在原文中出現(xiàn)，以達(dá)到文章銜接的目的。我們可以利用文章的這一銜接手段在文章中尋找要填入單詞的反義詞。- 18 - - 18 -18 Forcingyourselftorecall(almost)never helpsbecauseitdoesnt yourmemory; itonlytightensit. (1995.1)A)loosen B)weak

12、en C)decrease D)reduce - 19 - - 19 -19詞義與詞形的辨析 選項(xiàng)與選項(xiàng)之間構(gòu)成同義詞、反義詞、形近詞的關(guān)系。Geographers compare and contrast 71 places on the earth.71. A) similar B) various C) distant D) famous- 20 - - 20 -20 詞匯詞匯第一、 詞義辨析 （單詞的掌握，基本義） 例例1 That “something special” was men creative individuals who could invent machines, f

13、ind new 75 of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society. A) origins (由來,出身) B) sources C) bases D) discoveries- 21 - - 21 -21 第二、 形近詞辨異例例1 Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper, she 75 everyone that the pilot had fainted and asked if any of the passengers knew anything about

14、machines or at least how to drive a car. A) inquired B) insured C) informed D) instructed例例2 Following 88 , the man guided the plane toward the airfield. A) impression B) information C) inspections D) instructions例例3 Never ask a child whether he likes or dislikes a food and never discuss likes and d

15、islikes in front of him or allow 66 else to do so. A everybody B anybody C somebody D nobody- 22 - - 22 -22例例4 A. encourages(鼓勵(lì)) B. enables（使能夠） C. enforces（強(qiáng)制） D. ensures（確保）例例5 A. attraction(吸引力) B. attention（注意力） C. affection（愛情，親密） D. motion（動(dòng)作）例例6 (兼考搭配關(guān)系) A. interfered（in干涉） B. interrupted (打斷

16、,中斷) C. discouraged （from不鼓勵(lì)做） D. disturbed（打擾，干擾）例例7 A. desired(渴望，想得到) B. revised(修訂，修正) C. required（需要，要求） D. deserved （值得，應(yīng)得）- 23 - - 23 -232、固定搭配題 動(dòng)詞短語 名詞短語 形容詞短語 介詞短語- 24 - - 24 -24 Theyare offreefreshfruit.Theywanttogetbacktotheirherdsandstartfarmingagain. (2007.6)A)seekingB)dreaming C)longin

17、gD)searchingSeek for/afterLong forDream ofSearch for - 25 - - 25 -25 Take it _69_ granted that he likes everything and he probably will A. with B. as C. over D. for But these various means of communication differ in important ways _68_ human language. A. about B. with C. from D. in the great tit(山雀)

18、 is a case _77_point. A. in B. at C. of D. for- 26 - - 26 -263、語法結(jié)構(gòu)題大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試完形填空?？嫉恼Z法項(xiàng)目有：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、定語從句、賓語從句、虛擬語氣、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)等。在近幾年的考試中對(duì)各種從句的考查頻率較多，請(qǐng)大家注意。做這一類題除了要有系統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)確的語法知識(shí)之外，還要注意上下文的邏輯關(guān)系和語篇內(nèi)容，這樣才能確保答案的正確。- 27 - - 27 -27“Westartedthinkingof todoaboutit,”saysEricShashoua,chiefexecutive officerofAxonSle

19、epResearch Laboratories. (2006.6)A)whatB)howC)whetherD)when - 28 - - 28 -284、邏輯推理題 完形填空考查的是一種綜合能力，而不僅僅是對(duì)詞匯和語法的考查。對(duì)句子之間邏輯關(guān)系的判斷也是完形填空考查的重點(diǎn)。邏輯關(guān)系主要包括因果關(guān)系、列舉關(guān)系、解說關(guān)系、分類關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系、對(duì)照關(guān)系等。解答邏輯推理題需要理順要填入的邏輯關(guān)系詞前后文的語義，從中判斷兩句話之間的關(guān)系。- 29 - - 29 -29OnethirdthoughtColumbusreachedtheNewWorldafter1750.Twothirdscannotcor

20、rectlylocktheCivilWarbetween1850and1900. whentheygettheanswersright,somearejustguessing.(2004.6)A)EvenB)ThoughC)ThusD)So - 30 - - 30 -30 The foreign research scholar usually isolates himself in the laboratory as a means of protection; , what he needs is to be fitted into a highly organized universit

21、y system Otherwise B) moreover C) however D) also - 31 - - 31 -312009年12月四級(jí)真題 Older people must be given more chances to learn if they are to contribute to society rather than be a financial burden, according to a new study on population published recently. The current education approach which 67 on

22、 younger people and on skills for employment is not 68 to meet the challenges of demographic (人口結(jié)構(gòu)的) change, it says. Only 1% of the education budget is 69 spent on the oldest third of the population.- 32 - - 32 -32 The 70 include the fact that most people can expect to spend a third of their lives

23、in 71 , that there are now more people over 59 than under 16 and that 11.3 million people are 72 state pension age. 73 needs to continue throughout life. Our historic concentration of policy attention and resources 74 young people cannot meet the new 75 , says the reports author, Professor Stephen M

24、cNair.- 33 - - 33 -33 The major 76 of our education budget is spent on people below the age of 25. 77 people are changing their jobs, 78 , partners and lifestyles more often than 79 , they need opportunities to learn at every age 80 , some people are starting new careers in their 50s and later.- 34

25、- - 34 -34 People need opportunities to make a midlife review to 81 to the later stage of employed life, and to plan for the transition (過渡) 82 retirement, which may now happen 83 at any point from 50 to over 90, says McNair. And there should be more money 84 to support people in establishing a 85 o

26、f identity and finding constructive 86 for the third age, the 20 or more years they will spend in healthy retired life. The current people approach which 67 on younger people and on skills for employment is not 68 to meet the challenges of demographic (人口結(jié)構(gòu)的) change, it says. Only 1% of the educatio

27、n budget is 69 spent on the oldest third of the population.67. A) operates B) focuses C) counts D) depends68. A) superior B) regular C) essential D) adequate69. A) currentlyB) barely C) anxiously D) heavily - 36 - - 36 -36The 70 include the fact that most people can expect to spend a third of their

28、lives in 71 , that there are now more people over 59 than under 16 and that 11.3 million people are 72 state pension age.70. A) regulations B) obstacles C) challenges D) guidelines71. A) enjoyment B) retirement C) stability D) inability72. A) over B) after C) across D) beside - 37 - - 37 -37 73 need

29、s to continue throughout life. Our historic concentration of policy attention and resources 74 young people cannot meet the new 75 , says the reports author, Professor Stephen McNair.73. A) Indentifying B) Learning C) Instructing D) Practicing74. A) at B) by C) in D) on75. A) desires B) realms C) ne

30、eds D) intentions The major 76 of our education budget is spent on people below the age of 25. 77 people are changing their jobs, 78 , partners and lifestyles more often than 79 , they need opportunities to learn at every age. 80 , some people are starting new careers in their 50s and later.76. A) m

31、easure B) ratio C) area D) portion77. A) When B) Until C) Whether D) Before78. A) neighborsB) moods C) homesD) minds79. A) age B) ever C) previously D) formerly80. A) For example B) By contrast C) In particular D) On average - 39 - - 39 -39 People need opportunities to make a midlife review to 81 to

32、 the later stage of employed life, and to plan for the transition (過渡) 82 retirement, which may now happen 83 at any point from 50 to over 90, says McNair.81. A) transform B) yieldC) adjust D) suit82. A) within B) from C) beyond D) to83. A) unfairlyB) unpredictably C) instantly D) indirectly - 40 -

33、- 40 -40 And there should be more money 84 to support people in establishing a 85 of identity and finding constructive 86 for the third age, the 20 or more years they will spend in healthy retired life.84. A) reliable B) considerable C) available D) feasible85. A) sense B) conscience C) project D) definition86. A) ranks B) assets C) ideals D) roles - 41 - - 41 -41 名詞與介詞的搭配名詞與介詞的搭配 influence on對(duì)的影響imp