非謂語動詞課件2

1、精選文檔毅帆教育學(xué)科培訓(xùn)師輔導(dǎo)講義講義編號 學(xué)員編號年 級高三課時數(shù)2學(xué)員姓名陳梓懿輔 導(dǎo) 科 目英語學(xué)科培訓(xùn)師夏老師學(xué)科組長簽字 教務(wù)長簽字課 題高考單項(xiàng)選擇之重點(diǎn)語法專題之非謂語動詞備課時間：2014.3.12授課時間：2014.3.15 教學(xué)目標(biāo)對不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的基本區(qū)別/非謂語動詞用作狀語/非謂語動詞的邏輯主語復(fù)習(xí)掌握重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的基本區(qū)別/非謂語動詞用作狀語/非謂語動詞的邏輯主語考點(diǎn)及考試要求不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的基本區(qū)別/非謂語動詞用作狀語/非謂語動詞的邏輯主語教學(xué)內(nèi)容非謂語動詞【考情分析】非謂語動詞包括不定式、v-ing形式和過去分詞，是

2、高中英語學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)，也是高考考查的重點(diǎn)。高中英語非謂語動詞十個重要考點(diǎn)：1.考查不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的基本區(qū)別2.考查非謂語動詞的主動式與被動式3.考查非謂語動詞完成式的用法4.考查非謂語動詞用作伴隨狀語5.考查非謂語動詞用作目的狀語6.考查非謂語動詞用作結(jié)果狀語7.考查非謂語動詞用作賓語補(bǔ)足語8.考查非謂語動詞的邏輯主語問題9.考查非謂語動詞用作主語的問題10.考查“(be+)過去分詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)【知識歸納】考點(diǎn)一：非謂語動詞的基本用法1.動詞不定式：動詞不定式由“to+ 動詞原形”構(gòu)成，如：to study, to play，動詞不定式雖然不能作謂語動詞用，但仍留著動詞的特征，它可以

3、帶有所需要的賓語或狀語而構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。1、動詞不定式的形式變化：動詞不定式有下列時態(tài)和語態(tài)的形式變化。語態(tài)式一般式完成式進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式主 動to buildto have builtto be buildingto have been building 被 動to be buildto have been build2.現(xiàn)在分詞-ing形式1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物動詞的-ing還有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，而不及物動詞的-ing則沒有被動語態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在以及物動詞make 和不及物動詞go為例，將

4、其-ing各種形式列表如下：動詞 語態(tài)形式及物動詞make不及物動詞go主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)一般式makingbeing madegoing完成式having madehaving been madehaving gone2、主動語態(tài)-ing完成式的基本用法。主動語態(tài)-ing完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在句中謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，一般在句中作時間或原因狀語用。句中的主語是它的邏輯主語，并且是它所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者，如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.3、被動語態(tài)-ing一般式的基本用法。被動語態(tài)

5、-ing一般式所表示的動作是一個正在進(jìn)行中的被動動作，而且這個被動動作也是和句中謂語所表示的動作同時發(fā)生的。它一般在句中作定語或狀語用。如：The truck being repaired there is ours.4、被動語態(tài)-ing完成式的基本用法。被動語態(tài)-ing完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，在句中一般作狀語用。如：Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.5、-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。在-ing前加物主代詞或名詞所有格即構(gòu)成-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中的物主代詞或名詞所有格為-ing的邏輯主語

6、。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、賓語或表語，如：Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口語中，這種結(jié)構(gòu)如作賓語用，其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞的賓格，名詞的所有格常用名詞的普通格代替，如：She insisted on Peters (or Peter)going there first.3.過去分詞：過去分詞只有一種形式，也沒有主動語態(tài)，它所表示的動作是一個被動的或是已完成的動作。過去分詞在句中也可用作定語、表語、賓語或狀語等成分。過去分詞在句中作某種成分時，其邏輯主語一般為該分詞所表示的動作的承受者?？键c(diǎn)

7、二：非謂語動詞作狀語（一）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語1現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語往往是句子的主語，這時該動詞與句子的主語之間往往存在主謂關(guān)系。如：They entered the theatre，talking and laughing. 他們說笑著進(jìn)了劇院。2現(xiàn)在分詞有：一般式、被動式、完成式和完成被動式四種形式，每一種形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not構(gòu)成。一般式(doing)表示主動的一般性的動作或者正在進(jìn)行的動作；被動式(being done)表示正在進(jìn)行的被動的動作，完成式(having done)表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的主動的動作；完成被動式(having been done)表示發(fā)生在謂語動

8、作之前的被動的動作。 如：Not having received a reply，he decided to write again. 沒有得到答復(fù)，他決定再寫信去。The old man，having worked abroad for twenty years，came back to his motherland.(work與句子的主語the old man之間存在主謂關(guān)系，而且work這一動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前) 在國外工作了二十年后，這位老人回到了祖國。Having won the championship，he was awarded a million dollars.因?yàn)楂@得了

9、冠軍，他被獎勵100萬美元。【提醒】通?，F(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，即彼此間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。但generally speaking, strictly speaking, roughly speaking, judging from等詞組不受這種語法限制。 如：Generally speaking，children like playing in the fields. 一般來說，孩子們喜歡在田野里玩。Judging from what he said，he must be an honest man.從他說的話來判斷，他一定是一位誠實(shí)的人。（二）過去分詞作狀語1過去分詞作狀語，修

10、飾謂語動詞，進(jìn)一步說明謂語動詞的動作或狀態(tài)，即動作發(fā)生時的背景或狀況；其邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語，且主語是過去分詞動作的承受者，過去分詞與主語之間存在動賓關(guān)系。如：Given the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars. (這里give與句子的主語these teenage soccer players之間存在動賓關(guān)系)給予正確的訓(xùn)練，這些青少年足球運(yùn)動員有一天會成為國際明星。Given more attention，the trees co

11、uld have grown better.倘若給予更多的關(guān)注，這些樹會生長得更好。2某些動詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，且往往用于一些系表結(jié)構(gòu)中。此時這些過去分詞既不表示被動，也不表示完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)，這樣的詞有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，stationed (駐扎)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿著)，tired of(感到厭倦)等，不管它們作什么成分都不用其ing形式。如：Absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room.專心于讀書，他沒注意到我進(jìn)入房間。D

12、ressed in red，she looks more beautiful. 穿著紅色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了?！咎嵝选孔鳡钫Z時，是用動詞ing形式還是用過去分詞，取決于該動詞與句子主語之間的關(guān)系。如果是意義上的主謂關(guān)系，一般用動詞ing形式；如果是意義上的動賓關(guān)系，則一般用過去分詞。請記住下面的例子，并細(xì)心體會。注意：句子的主語改變了，分詞的形式也要相應(yīng)地發(fā)生變化。 試比較：Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful.從山頂上看，這個公園顯得更加美麗。(see 與主語the park之間存在動賓關(guān)系)Se

13、eing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.從山頂上看，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個公園顯得更加美麗。(see與主語we之間存在主謂關(guān)系)（三）不定式作狀語1作目的狀語：作目的狀語時，不定式的邏輯主語通常也是全句的主語，這里往往譯作“為了，想要”。如：To be a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成為贏家，你要付出所有并竭盡全力。2用于：so.as to.；such.as to；enough to.；too.to；only to等結(jié)構(gòu)中往

14、往用來作結(jié)果狀語。如：He hurried to the booking office only to be told all the tickets had been sold out.他匆忙去了售票處，結(jié)果被告知所有的票已經(jīng)賣完了。(“onlyto do”表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，tell和主語he之間存在動賓關(guān)系，因而應(yīng)用不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。)【提醒】不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別：不定式作結(jié)果狀語往往表示意想不到的結(jié)果，而現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語則表示自然而然的結(jié)果。如：His parents died，leaving him an orphan. 他的父母去世了，使他成為孤兒。3與形容詞連用時，

15、大多表示原因，用作原因狀語。這些形容詞主要有：happy，kind，surprised，frightened，angry，shocked，glad，delighted，disappointed等。 如：Im very glad to hear the news. 聽到這個消息我非常高興。 考點(diǎn)三：非謂語動詞作定語1現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動作的主動和進(jìn)行。如：China is a developing country. 中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。Be quiet.Theres a sleeping baby. 安靜點(diǎn)，這兒有一個正在睡覺的孩子。2過去分

16、詞(短語)作定語與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有被動關(guān)系，表示該動作的被動或完成。如：The developed countries also need help from any other country in the world.發(fā)達(dá)國家也需要世界上其他國家的幫助?！癟hings lost never come again！”I couldnt help talking to myself.“失去的東西再也不會回來！”我情不自禁地自言自語。3動詞不定式作定語多表示將來動作。如：The problem to be discussed is of great importance. 要討論的這個問

17、題很重要。考點(diǎn)四：非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ)1過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，句中的賓語往往就是其邏輯主語，該動詞與賓語之間存在動賓關(guān)系。如：Ill have my house painted tomorrow. 明天我會讓人把我的房子粉刷一下。When I opened the door，I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.當(dāng)我打開門時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)地面被落葉所覆蓋。2現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，句中的賓語往往就是其邏輯主語，該動詞與賓語之間存在主謂關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行中的主動動作，即動作過程的一部分?？梢詭н@

18、種復(fù)合賓語的動詞有see，watch，hear，observe，feel，find，have，keep等。如：He saw a boy getting on the bus. 他看見一個男孩正在上公交車。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作在進(jìn)行)Jenny found a wallet lying on the ground. 詹妮發(fā)現(xiàn)地上有一個錢包。(主動)3不定式作賓語、主語補(bǔ)足語表示一個完整的動作過程將要發(fā)生、經(jīng)常發(fā)生或已發(fā)生。諸如get, ask, beg, invite, oblige, allow, hate, wish, want, expect, like, permit, encourage, re

19、quest, advise, order, persuade, cause, warn等動詞后都可用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如果是動詞let, have, make, hear, notice, see, observe, feel, look at, listen to等使役動詞和感官動詞，在主動語態(tài)中要用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，在被動語態(tài)中時，用帶to的不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語。如： The policeman told the boy not to play on the road. 警察告訴這個小孩不要在道路上玩。The old man was often seen to stand at th

20、e door of his house.這位老人經(jīng)常被看到站在門口。(經(jīng)常性的動作)考點(diǎn)五：非謂語動詞作賓語1不定式作賓語有些動詞之后要用不定式作賓語。表示某次具體的動作或行為。類似的動詞有hope, agree, choose，manage，promise，expect，determine，decide，seek，refuse，arrange，desire等。如：She pretended not to see me when I came in. 她假裝沒有看到我進(jìn)來。2動名詞作賓語有些動詞(詞組)后接動名詞形式，表示動作的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性或已經(jīng)完成。類似的詞有enjoy, mind, fi

21、nish, practise, suggest, advise, allow/permit, forbid, keep, admit, avoid, escape, consider(考慮), delay, put off, give up等。如：Would you mind my opening the window? 你介意我打開窗戶嗎？【提醒】want, need, require 等動詞以物作主語時，其后的賓語用主動式表示被動含義或用不定式的被動式。如：Those young trees need watering/ to be watered. 那些小樹需要澆水了。3有些動詞既可接動

22、名詞也可接不定式作賓語，但意義不同。如：regret to do對要做的事遺憾(未做)；regret doing對做過的事遺憾、后悔(已做)I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實(shí)在沒有辦法。I dont regret telling her what I thought. 我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。remember/forget to do記著/忘記要做某事(未做)；remember /forget doing記得/忘記做過某事(已做)。如：Remember to go to the post offi

23、ce after school. 記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見過那個人嗎？mean to do 打算要做某事； mean doing意味著某事stop to do停下來去做另一件事； stop doing停下做某事try to do 試圖做某事； try doing嘗試著做某事cant help doing情不自禁做某事；cant help (to) do不能幫著做某事考點(diǎn)六：非謂語動詞作主語：（1）動詞不定式作主語：To help each other is good.（動詞不定式作主語時，一般可用it作

24、形式主語，而將作主語的動詞不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.（2）現(xiàn)在分詞作主語：Seeing is believing. 百聞不如一見。Talking is easier than doing. ing作主語時，如果其結(jié)構(gòu)較長，可用it作形式主語，而將作主語的-ing后置。如：It isnt much good writing to them again. Its no use waiting here.【提醒】一般來說不定式做主語是表示動作行為的目的。一般動詞不定式做主語時，句子的謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。 現(xiàn)在分詞就是動詞的ing結(jié)構(gòu)，做主語是名為動

25、名詞。一般來說現(xiàn)在分詞在句中不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語。但在句中可以充當(dāng)表、定、狀、補(bǔ)的成分。動名詞做主語的意義往往是表示正在進(jìn)行的某個動作或某件事情。動名詞做主語時，句子的謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。考點(diǎn)七：非謂語動詞作表語：1.動詞不定式作表語：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 2.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.（注意）二者作表語的區(qū)別：不定式作表語：（1）說明主語的具體內(nèi)容。 如：Mary's task is to

26、 set the table.（2）表目的。 如：This wall is to keep people out of the garden. 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語（1）某些現(xiàn)在分詞已變作形容詞可作表語。（如表情緒的詞。）如：He was very amusing.（2）表狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞可用作表語。 如：She is always very obliging（有禮貌的）.3.過去分詞作表語：過去分詞作表語時，表示其邏輯主語所處的狀態(tài)，其邏輯主語就是句中的主語，如：The glass is broken.這個玻璃杯是破的。 【注意】過去分詞作表語時，和動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，但兩者表達(dá)的意義不同

27、，如：The glass was broken by my little brother. 這個玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表語用的過去分詞在許多詞典中已列為形容詞，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken,

28、 completed, covered等?！究键c(diǎn)例析】1(2011·海淀區(qū)第二學(xué)期期中練習(xí))The scientist was rewarded by the government for _ such a great contribution to the country.Amake Bmaking Cbeing made Dhaving made解析：考查非謂語動詞。在介詞for的后面要用動名詞形式，在獲獎前貢獻(xiàn)已經(jīng)做出了，所以要用其完成式。語意為：這位科學(xué)家因?yàn)闉閲易龀隽司薮蟮呢暙I(xiàn)，得到了政府的獎勵。故選D。2(2011·杭州市教學(xué)檢測)A powerful ear

29、thquake struck Haitis capital，_tens of thousands homeless and buried in ruins.Aleft Bto leave Cbeing left Dleaving解析：考查非謂語動詞。從語意可知，海地首都發(fā)生強(qiáng)烈地震，造成了成千上萬的人無家可歸和被埋在廢墟中，現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，表示結(jié)果。故選D。3(2011·廈門市質(zhì)量檢查)When the minister came to the snow­stricken area，he was happy to see the disaster victims wel

30、l_.Atake care of Btook care of Ctaken care of Dtaking care of解析：考查非謂語動詞。從句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和語意可以看出victims 與take care of 存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，因此使用被動形式，在句中充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語。故選C。4(2011·海淀區(qū)期中練習(xí))A few days after the interview I received a letter _ my admission to the university.Aoffering Boffered Chaving offered Dto be offered解析：考查

31、非謂語動詞。offer 和其邏輯主語a letter 之間是主謂關(guān)系，所以要用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，相當(dāng)于which offered。語意為：面試后的幾天，我收到了這所大學(xué)錄取我的信。故選A。5(2011·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市教學(xué)調(diào)查)Can you imagine what difficulty people had this year _ against the severe natural disasters?Afighting Bto fight Cfought Dfight解析：考查固定句式的用法?！皊b. have some difficulty （in） doing sth.”是固定

32、句式，意思是“某人做某事有困難”，其中的介詞in 可以省略。故選A。6(2011·東北三省四市聯(lián)考)How do you Chinese celebrate Mid­autumn Day?Well，it depends. For me，I usually sit in the yard，_the full moon with my family.Aappreciating Badmiring Cappreciated Dto admire解析：考查非謂語動詞。現(xiàn)在分詞短語admiring the full moon with my family 在句中作伴隨狀語，表示“我通

33、常在中秋節(jié)坐在院子里和家人一起賞月”?？仗巹釉~與邏輯主語之間是主謂關(guān)系，其表示的動作和句子的謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或緊接著發(fā)生，故用現(xiàn)在分詞；appreciate “欣賞”不用于進(jìn)行時，故選B。7(2011·東北三校第一次聯(lián)考)Cao Caos tomb is reported _ in Anyang，which attracts nationwide attention.Abeing found Bto be found Chaving been found Dto have been found解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意為：據(jù)報道，安陽發(fā)現(xiàn)了曹操墓，引起了全國(民眾)的關(guān)注。前半

34、句是“Its reported that Cao Caos tomb has been found in Anyang”的另外一種表達(dá)方式，表示該動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以用不定式的完成形式。故選D。8(2011·蘇州一模)After suffering a heart attack，Michael Jackson was pronounced dead，_a tragic end to the worlds most popular entertainer.Amarking Bto mark Cmarked Dhaving marked解析：本題考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)語境知，邁克爾·

35、;杰克遜在心臟病突發(fā)后死去，這標(biāo)志著世界上最受歡迎的藝人的悲慘結(jié)局。v.­ing在此作結(jié)果狀語。故選A。9(2011·哈爾濱檢測)You can hardly imagine the efforts I have made _ the goal.Ato achieve Bof achieving Cto of achieving Dto have achieved解析：本題考查非謂語動詞。句意為：你簡直無法想像我為了實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)所付出的努力。動詞不定式作目的狀語，故A項(xiàng)正確。10(2010·長沙二模)When I came in，I found Lucy _ by t

36、he window _ to music.Aseated；listening Bseated；listened Cseating；listened Dseating；listening解析：考查非謂語動詞的用法。第一空用seated，相當(dāng)于sitting；第二空用動詞的­ing形式，表示主動。故選A11(2010·南通一模)The county，_ in the north of Shanxi，has a history of more than 1,400 years.Alocated Bto be located Cbeing located Dlocating解析：本

37、題考查過去分詞作定語。此處應(yīng)用過去分詞短語作定語，修飾The county，故選A。12(2010·海淀第二學(xué)期期末)It was reported that 115 miners _ in the flooded mine for eight days were pulled alive at last.Atrapped Bbeing trapped Cwere trapped Dhad trapped解析：考查非謂語動詞。所填詞作后置定語，邏輯主語是miners，而非謂語動詞與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系，且表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，故用過去分詞，故選A。13(2010·西城5月)C

38、hina is known _ greatly in terms of its cultural values over the past few years.Ato change Bhaving changed Cchanging Dto have changed解析：be known to 為所熟知，而改變是已發(fā)生的事實(shí)，故用現(xiàn)在完成時形式。故選D14(2010·南京第三次模擬)_from the operation，the patient was advised to stay in hospital for another two weeks.AHaving not full

39、y recovered BBeing not fully recoveredCNot having fully recovered DNot fully recovering解析：本題考查非謂語動詞。the patient 與recover 間為主謂關(guān)系，且recover 這個動作發(fā)生在was advised 之前，因此要用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，且否定詞not 要放在分詞的前面，因此答案為C。15(2010·杭州市第二次教學(xué)檢測)Be careful！Dont forget you are on a ladder.But you are holding it for me，nothing

40、_.Aworry about Bto worry about Cis worried about Dworrying about解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意為：小心點(diǎn)。別忘了你在梯子上。但是你扶著呢，沒什么可擔(dān)心的。不定式to worry about 作后置定語。故選B。16Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _to the new students. 【2012江西卷】Aspeaking Bhaving spoken Cto speak Dto have spoken解析：考查非謂語動詞作狀語。本題為不定式表目的

41、，又因D選項(xiàng)時態(tài)錯誤，故選C。17. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will in the future of our company. 【2012重慶卷】A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made解析：考查非謂語動詞作定語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處為后置定語，與被修飾的名詞是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，而且是將要發(fā)生的動作。由此可知，表示被動和將來的A選項(xiàng)符合題意。B表示被動進(jìn)行，C表示被動完成，D表示被動完成，但是不作定語。因

42、此，正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。18. I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.【2012四川卷】A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound解析：本題考查非謂語動詞。此題考查現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。winding its way與賓語snake之間為主動關(guān)系且此動作正在進(jìn)行，故選C。19. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _.【2012四川卷】A. washed B.

43、 wash C. washing D. to wash解析：本題考查非謂語動詞。考查過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。句意為：在驅(qū)車進(jìn)城之前，你必須將你的車洗了。此題中使役動詞get后接的賓語car與作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞wash之間為被動關(guān)系，構(gòu)成短語：get sth. done。故答案選A。20. _ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. 【2012重慶卷】 A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked解析：考查非謂語動詞用法。經(jīng)過分析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)逗號前

44、為原因狀語，空白處與句子的主語為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，由此可排除表示主動關(guān)系的B和C選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)常作目的和結(jié)果狀語，不作原因狀語，也可排除，而A選項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動形式，可作時間狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語、伴隨狀語等。因此，正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。21._ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad . 【2012陜西卷】A. Standing B. To stand C. StoodD. Stand解析：考查非謂語動詞作伴隨狀語。非謂語動詞短語后有逗號，說明非謂語動詞做題干的狀語，邏輯主語是句子的主語we，非

45、謂語動詞與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系，且其動作與謂語動詞wait的動作同時進(jìn)行，用動詞v-ing的一般式，選A。22. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on. 【2012全國II】A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched解析：考查動詞不定式作目的狀語。句意：那位老人每天晚上坐在電視機(jī)前，高興地看要上演的任何節(jié)目。此處happy to watch anything that happ

46、ened to be on作sat的目的狀語。23. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_such art forms as music and painting. 【2012全國新課程】A. having compared to B. comparing to C. compare to D. compared to解析：考查非謂語動詞的用法。句意：電影的歷史短的多，尤其是當(dāng)它和像音樂和繪畫這樣的藝術(shù)形式相比時。此處是被省略的時間狀語從句，其相當(dāng)于：when film is compared to such art forms a

47、s music and painting. 這里film和compare之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。又因?yàn)橹髡Z一致，所以film被省略。故正確答案為D項(xiàng)。24. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. 【2012山東卷】A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide解析：考查非謂語動詞作定語。句意為：完成并簽名后，請把表格放入我們提供的信封內(nèi)送回。此處動詞provide與其邏輯主語envelope之間是被動關(guān)系

48、，在句中作定語，相當(dāng)于which is provided。25. George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. 【2012山東卷】A. to be told B. telling C. being toldD. told 解析：不定式短語作結(jié)果狀語。句意：喬治戰(zhàn)爭后回到家，結(jié)果被告知妻子已經(jīng)離開了。此處only to do/be done表示意料之外的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語則表示自然的結(jié)果。這里George和tell之間是被動關(guān)系，因此用to be told?！痉椒记伞恳弧?fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)1平時的備考中用注意不定

49、式的完成式、進(jìn)行式、被動式；不定式作后置定語與分詞作后置定語的區(qū)別。2不定式的省略與不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)。3只能接動名詞的動詞，只能接不定式的動詞以及接動名詞、不定式有區(qū)別的動詞。4現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別，以及不定式作狀語與分詞作狀語的區(qū)別。 二、做題方法要解答好這類題目，第一步判斷該動詞與被修飾的名詞之間的關(guān)系，如果是動賓關(guān)系就要用表示被動的非謂語形式(過去分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式，不定式的被動式)，如果是主謂關(guān)系則用現(xiàn)在分詞或動詞不定式；第二步看動作發(fā)生的時間，如果沒有確定的時間，一般情況下動賓關(guān)系用過去分詞，主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞。課后作業(yè) 高中非謂語動詞練習(xí)A1. Wh

50、en he was a boy, he used to go there and watch _.A. to repair bicycles         B. bicycles to be repairedC. bicycles being repaired     D. repairing bicycles2. - Have you considered _ your job as a teacher?- Yes. I like the job because a teacher

51、 is often considered _ a gardener.A. to change; to be          B. to change; being C. changing; being      D. changing; to be3. The dog, _, will be made a good watchdog.A. to train properly      B. being traine

52、d properly   C. properly to train      D. trained properly4. _ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it. A. Having stolen         B. Having been stolen   C. Stolen        

53、0;   D. Stealing5. _ the front door _, he had to enter the room through the back door.A. Seen; painted         B. Seeing; paintedC. Being seen; being painted D. Seeing; being painted6. And there, almost _ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who neve

54、r had to be told to keep quiet.A. having lost      B. losing        C. to be lost       D. lost7. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put        B.

55、 to be putting        C. to put        D. putting8. To answer correctly is more important than _.A. that you finish quickly  B. finishing quickly C. to finish quickly       D. finish quickly9. The old farm

56、er, _ the badly injured and burnt soldier, came out of the burning farmhouse, calling continuously for help. A. supporting                  B. having supported     C. being supported by 

57、0;        D. being supported10. In January , 2004, the United States successfully launched “Spirit”, a Mars Exploration Rover, _ a new milestone in the history of mankind.A. it marked        B. marking      C.

58、marked      D. to mark11. It was getting dark; I found a car _ in a pool by the side of the road.A. to be stuck         B. stuck         C. sticking          D.

59、 stick12. You cant imagine what great trouble they have _ the problem _.A. to solve; being talked about       B. solving; discussing C. to solve; to talk about       D. solving; being discussed13. The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _ the river.A. to have discovered     B. to have been discovered  C. to discover    &#