凝聚態(tài)物理相關(guān)諾貝爾獎.docx

1、凝聚態(tài)物理相關(guān)諾貝爾化學(xué)獎1970-1985 年赫伯特豪普特曼（&在測定晶體結(jié)構(gòu)的直接方法上的貢 獻(xiàn)杰羅姆卡爾勒（g）， =2000 年艾倫黑格（1）艾倫麥克迪爾米德（差/新西蘭） 白川英樹（旦）對導(dǎo)電聚合物的研究2011 年丹謝赫特曼（兇準(zhǔn)晶的發(fā)現(xiàn)5凝聚態(tài)物理相關(guān)諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎1970-1973i-“發(fā)現(xiàn)半導(dǎo)體和超導(dǎo)體的隧道效應(yīng)”"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively"布

2、賴1977恩戴 維約瑟 夫森菲利 普沃 倫安德 森-Mr央“他理論上預(yù)測出通過隧道勢壘的超電流 的性質(zhì)，特別是那些通常被稱為約瑟夫森效 亶的現(xiàn)象”"for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effect" .內(nèi)維心莫特約翰凡 扶累克SB英國匚關(guān)“對磁性和無序體系電子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)性理 論研究

3、”"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems"四年彼得.歹tJ昂尼 多維奇卡皮 杳“低溫物理領(lǐng)域的基本發(fā)明和發(fā)現(xiàn)”"for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics" 791982年m1斯威爾遜1“對與相轉(zhuǎn)變有關(guān)的臨界現(xiàn)象理論的貢獻(xiàn)”"for his the

4、ory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions"幽1985£克勞斯馮克“發(fā)現(xiàn)量子霍爾效應(yīng)”"for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect" 闡恩斯特魯斯卡“電子光學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)工作和設(shè)計了第一臺也 子顯微鏡”一"for his fundamental work in electronoptics, and for the design of the first electron microscope"典1986國Q

5、瑞士國爾L1991年1987格爾被7泉寧海因里布羅雷約翰內(nèi) 斯貝德 諾爾茨卡爾米 勒皮埃爾- 吉 而一.德 熱納“研制掃描隧道顯微鏡”"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope" ”“在發(fā)現(xiàn)陶瓷材料的超導(dǎo)性方面的突"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials" 88“發(fā)現(xiàn)研究簡單系統(tǒng)中有序現(xiàn)象的方法可 以被推廣到比較復(fù)雜的物質(zhì)形式，特別是推 廣到液晶

6、和聚合物的研究中”"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particularto liquid crystals and polymers"92“發(fā)現(xiàn)了在氮發(fā)里的超流動性"for their discovery ofsuperfluidity in helium-3”2000若雷斯阿爾 jg 羅斯“發(fā)展了用于高速電子學(xué)和

7、光電子學(xué)的 半導(dǎo)體異質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)”費(fèi)羅夫"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and optoelectronics" 赫伯特.克勒德國乳杰克基爾比匚差國“在發(fā)明集成電路中所做的貢獻(xiàn)”"for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit" 埃里三差國hi克康“在堿性原子稀薄氣體的 玻色-愛因斯坦凝 聚態(tài)方面取得的成就,以及凝聚態(tài)物質(zhì)屬性 質(zhì)的早期基礎(chǔ)性研究”奈爾爾.威差國曼"for the ach

8、ievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates"嗎沃爾夫德岡克特勒2001安東尼彼得2009伊爾由矍國E萋。110“在光學(xué)通信領(lǐng)域光在纖維中傳輸方面的 突破性成就”"for groundbreaking achievementsconcerning the transmission of light in111fibers for optical communication" “對超導(dǎo)體和超流體理論做出的先驅(qū) 性貢獻(xiàn)”"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids"儂“發(fā)明半導(dǎo)體成像器件電荷耦合器件"for the invention of an imaging一the CCDsemiconductor circuit sensor""阿列克謝阿布里 科索夫2003維塔利金 茲堡林貝格“發(fā)現(xiàn)巨磁阻效應(yīng)”"for the discovery of gi