中考英語(yǔ)_語(yǔ)法思維導(dǎo)圖之十三_動(dòng)詞__人教新目標(biāo)版

1、動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)助動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)+動(dòng)詞原形助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形獨(dú)立充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞“保持“變化感官動(dòng)詞be+adv.+adj“如何是become,seem,turn,grow,get,keep,staylook,sound,taste,smell,feel常接形容詞作表語(yǔ)主謂一致情態(tài)動(dòng)詞意思答語(yǔ)表示推測(cè)may答語(yǔ):肯定Certainly./Sure./Yes,you can.否認(rèn)Sorry, but you cant/mustnt“一定must“必須 Must I？Yes, you must.No, you neednt/dont have to.“不得不 Do I h

2、ave to.? Yes, you must. No, you neednt/dont have to.“需要實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：not need to do sth. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：neednt do sth.Would you like to do?答語(yǔ)“Id like to “Id like to, but.had better “最好(不)做某事Youd better do/Youd better not do “可能may,might,could“不可能cant助動(dòng)詞狹義概念：“贈(zèng)送的擴(kuò)展概念：“自帶的do,does,did凡謂語(yǔ)由兩局部構(gòu)成之前者句型操作及答語(yǔ)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞身份助動(dòng)詞身份/強(qiáng)調(diào)功能實(shí)義

3、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)名稱(chēng)被動(dòng)：be+done及物動(dòng)詞必須跟賓語(yǔ)不及物動(dòng)詞不直跟賓語(yǔ)謂動(dòng)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)do/doesdidbe+doingwas/were+doingwill+dowould+dohave/has+donehad+done一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞選項(xiàng)有無(wú)被動(dòng)只需考慮時(shí)態(tài)該而不:感官發(fā)生實(shí)現(xiàn)出版使役動(dòng)詞正常不帶to被動(dòng)那么帶意思需要時(shí)間，標(biāo)志意思平時(shí)經(jīng)常做某次過(guò)去做現(xiàn)在正在做過(guò)去正在做現(xiàn)在將要做過(guò)去將要做到現(xiàn)在已做到過(guò)去已做動(dòng)詞詞形變化三單現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞+ss,x,sh,ch,o+es輔+yi+es

4、不規(guī)那么+ing去e+ing雙寫(xiě)+ingiey+ing+ed輔+yi+ed雙寫(xiě)+ed不規(guī)那么輔元輔，且重讀，不忘雙寫(xiě)尾字母除組合外時(shí)態(tài)判斷所用時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)間一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)on Sundays一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)ago, yesterday, last week, in 1989 now, these daysat this time yesterday, at that timetomorrow,this afternoon,next yearthe next dayso far,in the past years,since標(biāo)志頻率/真理/時(shí)間條件狀從at th

5、e age of 5,just now,when+從look, listen與頻度副詞連用when+過(guò)in+時(shí)間段常用于賓從中already,yet,ever,never,before,for過(guò)去完成時(shí)by yesterday/then/the end ofwhen+過(guò)before+過(guò)，by+過(guò)完成時(shí)句中,與for,since,how long連用時(shí),動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)形式go to, come to be in/at leavebe away (from) arrivebe in/atdie be kead begin/startbe on end be overbuy have join be

6、a member of/be in borrowkeep get marriedbe married make friends withbe friends withhave gone to“去了人不在這里, have been to“去過(guò)人在這里¤強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is +一段時(shí)間+since+過(guò)去時(shí) “自以來(lái)，已經(jīng)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)意思結(jié)構(gòu)搭配動(dòng)詞+介詞doing動(dòng)詞+副詞be+adj.+介詞賓語(yǔ)一律后置代賓中，名中后非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式to do現(xiàn)在分詞doing過(guò)去分詞done作主語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)被視為單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)作定語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)賓從省略式常被形主it代替be+to do

7、 “是做被形賓it代替省to不省要后置，省介否表目的，原因疑問(wèn)詞+to do判定:后有謂動(dòng)be doing“正在做have sth. done使被be done“被做不定式作主語(yǔ)常被形式主語(yǔ)it代替，而把to do 置于句尾It is +adj./n.+(for sb./of sb.)+to do sth. It takes +sb. +st. +to do sth.后接to do的動(dòng)詞：like, ask, wish, hope, dare, offer, decide, help, long, learn, start, begin, agree, refuse, want, expect

8、, promise, pretend, plan, manage, afford, prepare被形賓代替：think/find/make+ it+adj. +(for sb./of sb.)+to do sth.后接sb. to do的動(dòng)詞：force, teach, get, tell, know, help, ask, invite, wish, want, warn, wait for, allow, require, cause, advise, order, encourage, like常用省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：have, make, let, feel, see,

9、observe, look at, listen to, notice, watch, hear, discover(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要復(fù)原to) 結(jié)構(gòu)有：had better do, would rather do(than do), cant but do, do nothing but do, have nothing to do but do, why do?, why not do?作定語(yǔ)：要后置。假設(shè)不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)其后介詞不能省。 (修飾的名詞是time,place,way 時(shí)其后上常省略介詞)作狀語(yǔ)：表目的：go to sp. to do /do sb. can to do /follow sb. to do 表原因：be sorry to do/be happy to do/be pleased to do后接doing的動(dòng)詞：advise,allow,