考研寫作講義-與老師面授課堂上講課所述講義完全一致

1、考研英語寫作分冊(cè)主講：汪江濤一、1、Introduction：1） General description：2） Details 1, 2, 3：3） Caption/Symbolic meaning：2、Body： 1）Topic sentence：Symbolic meaning2）Argument：（1） Cause and effect（2） Exemplification：A. Numerous examples can be given, but this/these will suffice.B. I can think of no better illustration tha

2、n the following one(s).C. This/These case(s) effectively clarify that 3）Summary：3、Conclusion：1）Concluding sentence：2）Suggestions 1、2：3）Only in this way can we solve this problem.It is high time that we solved this problem.二、啟承轉(zhuǎn)合：1、啟：啟動(dòng)觀點(diǎn)、開篇點(diǎn)題2、承：觀點(diǎn)承接、正面論證First(ly), In the first place, To begin with,

3、 First and foremost, Above all, On the one hand, For one thing,Second(ly), In the second place, Besides, In addition, What is more, Furthermore, Moreover, On the other hand, For anotherLast(ly)，（The）Last but not (the)least, More importantly, Even worse,3、轉(zhuǎn)：觀點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)折、反面論證Conversely, Nevertheless, Unfortun

4、ately, Whereas, Yet, Instead, In/By comparison/contrast, On the contrary,4、合：文章結(jié)尾、合并歸納As a result/consequence, Consequently, Accordingly, Thus, Hence, Generally/Briefly speaking,三、詞匯攻略1、5m, 30m, 12h, 1、2、4、7、15d （10天搞定考研詞匯）12 3 4 5 6 7 8 910上ABCDEFGAHBICJ晚AABBCACDBDECEFDFGEGHFHIGIJ111213141516171819

5、20上DEFGAHBICJDEF晚HJIJ21222324252627282930上GHIJA31323334353637383940上BCDEFGHIJ2、20天搞定考研詞匯12 3 4 5 6 7 8 910上ABCDEFGAHBICJ晚AABBCACDBDECEFDFGEGHFHIGIJ11121314151617181920上DKELFMGNAHOBIPCJQDKRELSFMT晚HJKIKLJLMKMNLNOMOPNPQOQRPRSQST21222324252627282930上GNHOIPJQKRLSMTNOAP晚RTST31323334353637383940上BQCRDSETFG

6、HIJK41424344454647484950上LMNOPQRST四、潛詞造句四大要素1、Accuracy：extensive (a wide range of) knowledge, fierce competition2、Variety：1）認(rèn)為（1）I hold the opinion that, As far as I am concerned, （2）cling to the idea, in my opinion/view, point out, （3）maintain, reckon, assert, hold, claim, emphasize, insist, suppos

7、e, assume2）重要（1） Due attention has to be paid to, Importance should be attached to, （2） be of great importance/significance （3） vital, essential, crucial, significant3）越來越多的人people in growing/expanding/increasing/mounting numbers4）為了for the purpose of, aim to/at, in a bid to3、Difficulty：primary/fund

8、amental factors/causes. 4、Splendor：1） My eyes were sparkling with delight.2） He flied into a stormy rage.3） I fell into the abyss of unspeakable pain.4） Such is human nature, that a great many people are willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.五、句子寫法1、五大句型

9、1）I succeed. 2）I like Ldy. 3）LY is smart. 4）Wei Xiaobao gave Ake an English dictionary. 5）Tulongdao made many people selfish.2、名詞從句1） The fact that a great many senior citizens are ill-treated indicates/suggests that this issue is extremely serious.2） What they fail to understand is that respecting

10、the elderly is a traditional virtue of Chinese culture.3、擴(kuò)寫法We, students from BU, one of the best universities in Beijing, which is the most beautiful city in China, the greatest country in the world, are singing a pop song named XSS sung by Huaer, who is the favorite singer of Old Fish, after we pl

11、ayed MJ the whole night.六、亮點(diǎn)設(shè)置1、活用詞匯1）Natural disasters claim hundreds of lives every year.2）I do appreciate your efforts.3）Once in front of me, lay a real chance. Yet, I did not value it. Not until the moment I lost it, did I realize how regretful I was. If God gave me another opportunity, I would

12、never stop making progress.4）I sat outside in the hall. Everything inside me has gone away. I didnt think. I could not think. I knew she was leaving me, but I prayed she not. (Ernest Hemingway: The Sun Also Rises)2、平行排比A culture can be accepted, respected, appreciated and shared.3、術(shù)語表達(dá)environmental

13、protection/awareness4、詞組運(yùn)用with due consideration of, take into account/consideration5、句型框架1） （中文）（1） 只有這樣下崗工人才能徹底擺脫貧困并且重新獲得他們生命中的尊嚴(yán)。 （2） 總而言之，只有長期學(xué)習(xí)才有助于你掌握大的詞匯量。 （3） 考慮到上述所有論證，政府早就該實(shí)行改革把傳統(tǒng)教育模式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樗刭|(zhì)教育。 2） （英譯文）（1）Only in this way can laid-off workers completely shrug off poverty and regain their dign

14、ity in life.（2）In conclusion, it is persistent work that is conducive to your grasping a large/considerable vocabulary.（3）Given all the above arguments, it is high time that the authorities enforced reforms to convert traditional education strategy into education for all-round development/quality-or

15、iented education.6、名人名言 As John F. Kennedy put it, “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.”7、英語諺語1） Just as an old saying goes, “All work and no play make Jack a dull boy.”2） Just as an old saying goes, “God only helps those who help themselves.”（天助自助者/自助者天助之

16、?。┢?、書信格式（一）稱呼1、寫給機(jī)構(gòu)：Dear Sir or Madam, 2、寫給個(gè)人：Dear人名,（二）正文：3段、7句左右、100120詞、35關(guān)聯(lián)詞、35從句 1、第一段：12句1）自我介紹（1）工作人員：05：I am a staff member from your company/corporation. 06： I am a staff member from Motorola（China）Electronics Ltd.（2）學(xué)生：I am a freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from the

17、 Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing University. 2）寫作目的：（1）樣題：I am writing the letter in purpose of ordering some books.（2）05：I am writing to inform you that I wish to resign from my current post/position. 2、第二段：36句 1）改寫提綱一：1句 2）改寫提綱二：1句 3）改寫提綱三：1句3、第三段：12句1）表示感謝（私人建議信除外）（1） My

18、appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words. （2） Words fail me when I wish to express my sincere gratitude to you. （3） I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you render me.2）期待回信：（1）I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. （2）I look for

19、ward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience. （3）Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.（三）落款1、結(jié)尾客套Yours sincerely,2、簽名： Li Ming八、高分作文1、2002The picture vividly depicts a lovely American girl in traditional Chinese costume with a sweet smile on her face. She wears r

20、ibbons, necklaces and other accessories that are characteristic of the clothes of a certain Chinese minority group. Undoubtedly, the costume has added oriental charm/glamour to her beautiful look/appearance/features.What the picture conveys goes far beyond only/merely a new fashion trend. Instead, i

21、t carries cultural meanings/implications as well. The fact that people from different countries are attracted to mysterious Chinese culture indicates that to some extent a culture can be accepted, respected, appreciated and shared internationally. In other words, a nations unique/distinctive culture

22、 can become international through worldwide economic and cultural exchanges. Since the trend of globalization become irresistible, the increasing cultural exchanges can effectively improve mutual understanding and friendship.It is my view that national culture as priceless spiritual treasure should

23、be preserved and cherished. Meanwhile, there are good reasons to advocate international culture for those ideas from the other cultures, controversial or even absurd at first sight, can provide a different perspective for us to observe the world in the long run. Nevertheless, when we are confronted

24、with a different culture, we should be sensible enough to absorb its essence and to resist its dark side. Only in this way can we promote cultural development positively and make our world dimensional, colorful and vigorous. 2、2003The set of drawings above vividly depicts the destiny of a flower in

25、different circumstances. As is shown in the first cartoon, the flower is placed in a comfortable greenhouse that shelters it from the threatening lightening and storm. With proper temperature, moisture and fertilizer, the flower is growing in full bloom. On the contrary, when removed from the greenh

26、ouse and exposed to the driving rain, the flower soon fades and withers, with the petals cast about on the grounds.To begin with, the purpose of the drawings is to show us that the flower growing in the green house cannot withstand the test of the storm, yet the symbolic meanings subtly conveyed sho

27、uld be taken more seriously. The delicate flower is naturally associated with young people, to be specific, the only children in our current society; the greenhouse epitomizes parents doting care and abundant material supplies that can shield the children from the storms, or the harsh reality. Once

28、the young people begin to seek independence and accept challenges from the real world, they are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the face of difficulties.Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these thought-provoking drawings. On the one hand, we can frequently

29、use them to enlighten the youth to be more independent in life. On the other hand, parents should be sensible enough to give their children more freedom to deal with troubles and problems. Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in adversity can young people cultivate strong personality and abi

30、lity, and only in this way can they become winners in this competitive world.3、2006As is vividly depicted in the photos above, Beckham, the smart British football superstar, is enjoying a striking popularity among the adolescents. In the first picture, Beckhams name appears on a young mans face. The

31、 caption indicates that worship for the idol is written on the face. In the second photo, another young man is doing Beckhams chic hairstyle in a barbershop. We are informed that he is spending 300 yuan imitating his idols haircut.Undoubtedly, the pictures have subtly reflected the social phenomenon

32、 that idol worship is prevalent among the teenagers nowadays. Beckham represents the image of sport hero whose handsome appearance and unparalleled football skills are passionately adored by all the sports fans. Likewise, several teenage girls won their fame overnight in The 2005 Super Girl Contest

33、in China, which provoked nationwide noisy debates on the value and harm of admiring these idols. Briefly speaking, young people are inclined to idolize the people who excel in appearance, intelligence or talent.Hence, idolatry, the thought-provoking social phenomenon, is a double-edged sword which c

34、an exert profound influence on the growth of young people. If we simply worship the idols by imitating their hairstyles or pursuing fashions unreasonably, the obsession will certainly waste us a great deal of money or time, endangering the efficiency of our work. On the contrary, we will lead a posi

35、tive and fruitful life if we endeavor to improve ourselves by bridging the gap between our models and us. Accordingly, the latter attitude should be adopted to direct our way of life.4、2007As we can see from the picture, a football match is going on. On guarding the goal, the man on the left seems t

36、o be keeping a “huge goal” that is easy and inevitable for a goal, while the person on the right hesitates to kick the ball with an illusion about the “huge goalkeeper”. It is obvious that both of them exaggerate the difficulties in front of them.This photo does reflect a thought-provoking social ph

37、enomenon which is not uncommon in China now. The young always give up because the problem is beyond their ability to cope with. Superficially, it seems to be somewhat reasonable, but when weighing in the mind, we find there is an apparent tendency underlying this phenomenon: the lack of confidence.

38、Firstly, it is well-known that we exist in a dynamic world with various difficulties. We can do nothing but face them. Secondly, attitude is the key point to take the first step. Assume bravery and confidence to solve the problem, you will find the question is not as “huge” as you imagine. Take us f

39、or example, the entrance exam for graduate students even seems to a horrible monster before us. Some people give up, some persist. So, with confidence and the right assessment of the difficulties, try and exert your strength, and then we will overcome all problems.On the whole, I believe we young pe

40、ople should face the difficulties in right manner. And nothing is impossible, just do it.5、Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments. As is subtly

41、 portrayed in the drawing, two handicapped young men are heading towards their destination with vigorous strides, leaving all their crutches behind. The hardship of disability being no longer an obstacle on their journey, they support each other with firm hands and proceed steadily. The caption indi

42、cates that they can travel north and south extensively with combined legs.It is apparent that the cartoonist aims at reminding us of the importance of cooperation in our daily life. Hardly can anyone achieve success in his career without the assistance of his colleagues and partners. As competition

43、in all lines of work grows increasingly fierce, we must defeat our rivals through powerful team work. Take basketball hero Yao Ming for an example, he can slam the dunk smartly because all his teammates contribute more or less to his outstanding performance. Likewise, the successful launching of Cha

44、nge No.1 lunar probe should be attributed to the Chinese scientists joint efforts instead of individual accomplishment. If we work separately, we will be confined to frail minds and limited resources. On the basis of the analysis above, we may draw a conclusion that cooperation and team work really

45、count in this competitive society. Hence, we should associate ourselves harmoniously with our companions in every attempt towards our goals. In addition, it is indispensable to train our kids frequently to interact smoothly with others in a team. As the proverb goes, unity is strength. 6、Directions:

46、 Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should1) describe the picture briefly;2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by it, and3) give your point of view.In recent years, people are developing an inseparable relationship with Internet. As is vividly depicted in

47、the picture, it is convenient for us to click the mouse when surfing on line, either to entertain ourselves or to meet the works needs. Actually on-line visiting has become a routine activity in our everyday life. However, it seems rather ironic to use a chain instead of normal wire to connect with

48、the mouse in this picture. The exaggerative and impressive portrayal has subtly revealed the duality of the relationship between man and Internet.Discussion on the duality has become very popular in newspapers or in peoples chats. On the one hand, no one denies that Internet is currently one of the

49、most useful media in our daily life. People from all walks of life are benefiting considerably from its powerful function of information communication. But on the other hand, a great many people admit that they are too much addicted to Internet to maintain a regular and wholesome lifestyle. Cyber-li

50、ving resembles the experience of looking constantly into a kaleidoscope which displays both colored patterns and illusions. Such a waste of time inevitably leads to their failure in their life and work.Accordingly, it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way and restrain from overindu

51、lgence. For one thing, college students in expanding numbers get on line every day to learn the news, to study English by registering for web courses, to exchange information through e-mails with their net friends and to download their favorite music, flash, film and pictures. Being veteran on-line

52、shoppers, they frequently purchase books, CDs at much lower prices. For another, once indulged in the fictitious world, people can barely concentrate on real life. Consequently, many students just chat on line or play computer games immoderately everyday, skipping many essential classes. After all,

53、Internet is invented to enrich our life, to connect you and me, and to improve the efficiency of our work rather than shackle us with a chain.參 考 譯 文1、2002這幅圖畫生動(dòng)描述了一位可愛的美國小女孩身穿傳統(tǒng)的中國服裝，面帶甜蜜的微笑。她戴著具有某個(gè)中國少數(shù)民族服飾特征的發(fā)帶、項(xiàng)鏈和其他裝飾品。毫無疑問，這套服裝為她美麗的外表增添了東方的魅力。這幅圖畫所表達(dá)的遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不只是一種新的時(shí)尚潮流。反之，它具有文化內(nèi)涵。神秘的中國文化吸引了各國人民這一事實(shí)，顯

54、示了在某種程度上，一種文化可以被國際性地接受、尊重、欣賞和分享。換而言之，一個(gè)民族獨(dú)特的文化可以通過全球性的經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化交流走向世界。由于全球化潮流不可阻擋，所以文化交流可以有效增進(jìn)相互間的理解和友誼。在我看來，我們應(yīng)該保存和珍惜作為無價(jià)精神財(cái)富的民族文化。同時(shí)，我們很有必要推廣世界文化，因?yàn)閬碜云渌幕挠^點(diǎn)，即使乍看起來相互矛盾或荒謬，但從長遠(yuǎn)看來，可以為我們觀察這個(gè)世界提供一種不同的視角。然而，在我們面臨不同文化時(shí)，應(yīng)該充滿理智地取其精華、去其糟粕。只有這樣我們才能積極發(fā)展民族文化，并使我們的世界豐富多元、五顏六色、充滿活力。2、2003上述這組圖生動(dòng)描述了一朵鮮花在不同環(huán)境中的命運(yùn)。如第

55、一幅漫畫所示，這朵鮮花被放在舒適的溫室里，保護(hù)它免于可怕的閃電和風(fēng)雨。擁有合適的溫度、濕度和肥料，鮮花正在充分綻放。相反，當(dāng)被搬出溫室并暴露在風(fēng)雨之下時(shí)，鮮花很快就凋謝枯萎了，花瓣散落一地。首先，這些圖畫的目的是告訴我們溫室花朵經(jīng)不起風(fēng)雨，然而我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對(duì)待它們所微妙傳達(dá)的的象征含義。這朵嬌弱的鮮花自然和我們的年輕人聯(lián)系起來，具體而言，就是當(dāng)代社會(huì)的獨(dú)生子女。溫室是保護(hù)孩子免受風(fēng)雨的父母溺愛和優(yōu)越物質(zhì)條件的縮影，而風(fēng)雨就是嚴(yán)峻的現(xiàn)實(shí)。一旦年輕人開始尋求獨(dú)立并且接受來自現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的挑戰(zhàn)，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們已經(jīng)被慣壞了，在困難面前無法足夠堅(jiān)強(qiáng)?？傊?，我們很有必要從這些發(fā)人深思的圖畫中得出積極的含義。一方

56、面，我們可以經(jīng)常利用它們來啟發(fā)年輕人在生活中更加獨(dú)立。另一方面，父母們應(yīng)該充滿理智給孩子們更多自由來處理困難和問題。只有經(jīng)歷更多的挑戰(zhàn)和磨練，年輕人才能培養(yǎng)強(qiáng)大的個(gè)性和能力，而且只有這樣他們才能成為這個(gè)競爭世界中的強(qiáng)者。3、2006以上的照片生動(dòng)地顯示出來，相貌英俊的英國足球巨星貝克漢姆在年輕人中廣受歡迎。在第一張照片中，貝克漢姆的名字出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)年輕人的額頭上。文字表明：對(duì)偶像的崇拜寫在了臉上。在第二張照片中，這個(gè)年輕人正在理發(fā)店中做貝克漢姆的時(shí)髦發(fā)型。我們得到的信息是他正花300元來模仿偶像的發(fā)式。毫無疑問，照片巧妙地反映了這樣一個(gè)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象：偶像崇拜目前在青年人中非常盛行。貝克漢姆代表了體育界英雄的形象，他的英俊外表以及高超的球技正是球迷們熱情追捧的。同樣，2005年中國舉辦的“超級(jí)女生”大賽中，幾個(gè)十幾歲的女孩一夜成名。圍繞著崇拜這些偶像的意義和危害，這個(gè)事件激起了全國性的爭論?？傊嗄耆送菀壮绨菽切┰谕獗?、才華和特長方面極其出色的人。在我看來，偶像崇拜這個(gè)發(fā)人深思的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，其實(shí)是把雙刃劍，可以深刻影響青年人成長。如果我們只是靠模仿偶像發(fā)型或追逐時(shí)尚的方式來崇拜他們，這種癡迷將必定浪費(fèi)我們大量的金錢和時(shí)間，影響我們的工作效率。相反，如果我們靠彌補(bǔ)我們和榜樣之間的差距來努力