中考語法專題之介詞的用法

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上第五篇知識大闖關(guān)介詞：表示名詞、代詞等與句中其他詞的關(guān)系，在句中不能單獨作句子成分?？?點 一時間介詞. 基本用法（1）at, in & on 介詞 用法例詞/句at用于鐘點、中午、夜晚、拂曉、黃昏等詞前面。at five oclock 5點時 noon 在中午at night 在晚上at supper 在晚飯時, his birthday 在他生日的時候用在一些固定短語中。at the beginning of 在開始at the end of 在末尾at the time 同時at the of 在歲時in用在表示世紀、年代、年份、季節(jié)、月份等的名詞前；用

2、在不特定的上午、下午、晚上或白天等詞前。in the twenty-first century 在21世紀in the 在19世紀80年代in the winter 1983在1983年冬天in March 在三月in the morning 在早上 in Spring 在春天用在表示年齡段的數(shù)詞前。in his 在他50多歲時后面接一段時間，表示“在之后”，多用于將來時。We are going to Guangzhou two days. 我們準備兩天內(nèi)去廣州。on強調(diào)具體的某一天如日期、星期。on May 10th 在5月10日on Monday 在星期一具體某一天的上午、中午或晚上。

3、the morning of August 8 在8月8日早上on cold morning 在一個寒冷的早上用在 前。 Teachers Day 在教師節(jié)知識小拓展:在以this，that，next，last，tomorrow，yesterday等開始的表示時間的單詞或詞組前不用介詞。如:I will go to Beijing next week. 下周我將去北京。 【例1】A terrible earthquake hit Yaan. Sichuan Province _ the morning _ April 20. A. in; in B. at; on C. on; of D. i

4、n; of 【例2】The accident happened _ a cold winter early morning. A. in B. at C. on D. for （2）since, for & from 介詞用法例句since指從某時一直延續(xù)至今。后跟過去的時間點或一般過去時的句子，常與完成時連用。I have taught in No.12 middle school _ I finished college in 1989. for指動作延續(xù)、貫穿整個過程，后接時間段，常與含延續(xù)性動詞的完成時連用。I have _ this book for a long time.

5、 from說明開始的時間，謂語可用過去、現(xiàn)在、將來等時態(tài)。From now on, I will learn English in the evening. 【例3】 Im looking after Tom today. Hes been in my house _ 8:00 this morning. A. at B. for C. since D. till （3）by, until / till, during, after & before 介詞用法例句by后跟時間點，意為“到之前為止”，常用于將來時和完成時中。如果by后跟的是過去的時間點，則與過去完成時連用。How man

6、y English words _ you_ by last term? until / till后跟時間點，用在肯定句中，意為“直到為止”，其前的謂語動詞需用延續(xù)性動詞；用于否定句中，意為“直到才”，其前的謂語動詞多用非延續(xù)性動詞。He will wait for you until / till you comes. She didnt know me until / till last week. during后跟時間段，意為“在期間”，常與延續(xù)性動詞連用，表示某個期間的動作。We will visit Qingdao _ this summer vacation. afterafter

7、后既可以跟時間段，也可以跟時間點，意為“在后”。后跟時間段時表示以過去為起點的某一段時間之后，常用于過去時；后跟時間點時，表示將來的某個時間之后，常用于將來時Mary _ back from the library after two hours. Sally _ in Guangzhou after 9:00. before在之前。My mother always goes to work before 7:00. 知識小拓展 (1)“after 時間段”與“時間段later”可互換。如：He came back after an hour.He came back an hour late

8、r.他一小時后就回來了。 after 和before 在某些情況下，句子中會用到過去完成時。如： Lily had written some letters before she went out shopping.（2）ago 是副詞，意為“以前”，表示從現(xiàn)在起到過去某一時間點之前的時間。與 before 不同，它不能與表示時間點的狀語連用，只能與表示時間段的狀語連用，放在表示時間段的名詞之后，一般只用于過去時態(tài)。如：I met him three years ago.我三年前見過他。（3）其他時間介詞1）to，past，pass表時間的區(qū)別 to介詞，大于30分鐘時，表示“差”。如:ten

9、 to seven(650) past介詞，小于30分鐘時，表示“過”。 如:ten past six(610) pass動詞，表示“經(jīng)過，過去”。如:He passed by me.他從我身邊經(jīng)過。 2）between與from . to .的區(qū)別between強調(diào)在兩者之間；from . to . 意為“從到”，強調(diào)時間段。如：Tom does his homework between 7:00 and 9:00. 湯姆7點到9點之間做作業(yè)。（7點到9點之間的某個時間段在做，不一定一直在做）Tom does his homework from 7:00 to 9:00. 湯姆從7點到9點做

10、作業(yè)。(從7點到9點一直在做)【例4】Welcome to our hotel! I hope youll have a good time _ your stay here. A. after B. during C. with D. since 【例5】I had too much work to do last night, I didnt go to bed _ 11 oclock. A. inB. until C. for D. since考 點 二地點介詞.基本用法(1)at, on, in&to介詞用法例詞/句at在（里面或附近）?？捎糜谛〉攸c前；可用于地址、郵箱地址前；

11、可用于表示“在前/后”；還可用于一些固定短語中。at the door 在門口at the table 在桌子旁 No.2, Beijing Road 在北京路2號at the back of 在后面on在上?？梢杂脕肀硎尽熬o鄰”；可用于路名前；用來表示“在左/右”；還可以用于一些固定短語中。Canada lies on the north of the U.S. Li Ping is my left. on Bridge Street 在大橋街on the team（在隊里，成為隊里的一員）in在里。可以用來表示“包含”；可以用來表示“在排/行/組”；可用于較大的地點前，如大城市、國家、洲等

12、；還可以用于一些固定短語中。Beijing is the north of China. We are Team One. 我們在一隊。My uncle lives in Guangzhou. in the front of 在前面To（toward）向；朝；至；達。用來表示目的地或去的目的；常與動詞原形構(gòu)成動詞不定式。Will you take a train Tianjin? 【例6】- How can I get more information about the donation to Yaan? -You can email Mr. Wang _ yaanearthquake. A

13、. on B. in C. at D. by 【例7】- Excuse me. Could you tell Tae the way to the Peoples Hospital? -Walk along this street _ the end and youll find it on your left. A. in B. to C. by D. at .同義詞辨析 （1）over，above&on介詞 用法 例句 over在正上方。表示一種垂直懸空的上下關(guān)系。 Is there any bridge over the river? above高于。表示一物比另一物高，但不是垂

14、直的上下關(guān)系，且兩者不接觸。A family photo is above his bed.on在上。表示一物放在另一物的上面，兩者必須接觸。Theres a book on the table. （2）. in有時也可以用來表示“在上”，但區(qū)別于on。在樹上in the tree指非樹木本身的一部分的人或物在樹上There are many apples the tree. A bird the tree is picking an apple.on the tree指樹木本身的一部分（如葉子等）在樹上 在墻上in the wall 指鑲嵌在墻內(nèi)，如門窗、釘子等There is a cloc

15、k the wall and windows are the wallon the wall 指在墻的表面上，如地圖、照片、畫像等 在報紙上in the newspaper 指報紙的內(nèi)容There is a piece of important news in the newspaper.He put the pen on the newspaper.on the newspaper 指放在報紙表面上的其他物品（3）under & below 介詞用法例句under在正下方，與over相對。My new bike is under the tree. below在的下面，低于，與abo

16、ve相對。Please dont write below this line. 知識小拓展：表示“溫度在度以上用above，表示“溫度在度以下”用below。【例8】Ice is not often seen here in winter as the temperature normally stays _ zero. A. up B. down C. above D. below （4）over, across & through 介詞用法例句over 越過。強調(diào)從表面越過。The plane flew over the river. across穿過，橫過。即“從一頭到另一頭，從

17、一邊到另一邊”，強調(diào)從表面穿過。She went across the street to make some purchases. through穿過，縱穿。即“穿越”，強調(diào)從一定的空間內(nèi)穿過”。The sunlight was coming in through the window. 知識小拓展：over放在數(shù)詞前時，意為“超過，大于，多于”?！纠?】-Can I join Oxfam Trailwalker? -Only if you are _ eighteen. A. over B. on C. under D. below【例10】Sam likes trekking _ the

18、 jungle, because he thinks its exciting. A. over B. under C. across D. through 【例11】Mrs. King put a coat _ the sleeping girl to keep her warm. A. over B. with C. behind D. beside （5）on, in & to 介詞用法例句in在。表示“在某范圍內(nèi)”，兩者為包含關(guān)系。Guangdong is the south of China. on在。表示“毗鄰，接壤”，兩者為并列關(guān)系。Guangdong is the ea

19、st of Guangxi. to在。表示“在某范圍外”，兩者為并列關(guān)系。South Korea is the east of China. （6）between & among 介詞用法例句between在之間。用于兩者之間，常與and連用。There are many trees and flowers the two buildings. among在之間。用于三者或三者以上之間。Our teacher sits my classmates in the picture. 【例12】The workers will build a new railroad _ the two c

20、ities. A. since B. between C. as D. during （7）in front of & in the front of 介詞用法例句in front of在前面。強調(diào)在物體的外部的前方。與behind 是反義詞Theres a young lady in front of the bus. in the front of在前面。強調(diào)在物體的內(nèi)部的前部。與at the back of 是反義詞Theres a young lady in the front of the bus. before在.前面和in front of 通用。He sits befo

21、re me.（8）after & behind 介詞用法例句after在之后。強調(diào)先后順序。Please come into the room after me. behind在后面。強調(diào)方向和位置的前后關(guān)系。The hospital is behind the post office. 考 點 三方式介詞.基本用法（1）by, in & on (表交通方式) 易混詞用法例句by與交通工具連用時，交通工具前不用任何限定詞。Mr. White goes to work by every day. in與交通工具連用時，交通工具前用限定詞。Whos the man _ the ca

22、r? onI often go to school _ my bike. （2）by, in & with (表手段或工具) 易混詞用法例句by表示用某種方式或手段時，名詞前不加冠詞；若后接動詞，需將動詞變?yōu)閯用~形式。Mr. White goes to work by car every day. in表示使用某種語言或材料，名詞前不加冠詞。Can you tell a story in English? with后跟具體的工具。You can write it down with my pen. 【例13】You can improve your English _ practic

23、ing more. A. by B. with C. of D. in 考 點 四其他介詞.基本用法介詞用法例句against表示“反對”“違背”，其反義詞為 for。若表示“強烈反對”，一般與副詞 strongly搭配。 They are strongly _ the idea. beyond表示范圍、水平、限度、能力等，意思是“超出；多于；為所不能及”。 His bad behavior is beyond a joke. aboutabout“關(guān)于”，多用于內(nèi)容和觀點比較一般性的情況。 What is your excuse about your being late ?like意為“像

24、一樣”，用于說明相似關(guān)系，實際上不是。 He talked to me like my father. as意為“作為，以的身份”，后跟表示職業(yè)、職務(wù)、身份的名詞。 We chose him as captain of our team. except表示“除之外（不包括在內(nèi)）”，是從整體中除去一部分，常和否定代詞和概括性代詞連用。We are all here _ Li Ming. besides除之外(還) （包括在內(nèi)）We learn English _ Chinese. beside在.旁邊，強調(diào)靠近Who's the girl beside the boy?by在.旁邊，與b

25、eside 同義We live by the river.near在.旁邊，比by 和beside 距離遠Is there a hospital near here？into“往里（進、蹦、跳）去”，常和動詞連用。 Many frogs jumped into the lake. out of表示“從.里面出來”The hare come out of its cave.with表示伴隨，意為“和；關(guān)于；帶有；戴眼鏡、假發(fā)等”She lives with her parents. without表示“沒有”，用作狀語。 He left without saying a word. for表示目

26、的，意為“為了”。 句型：it is +adj +for sb to do sth Lets go for a walk. of的（表所屬關(guān)系）可放在最高級結(jié)構(gòu)中。后接數(shù)詞或者可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)句型：it is +adj +of sb to do sth This is a friend of mine. Tom is the tallest boy of the four.along表示“沿著，順著”。 Weve planted more than 1000 trees along the banks of the river off表示“離開，脫離”。 Keep off the grass. 【

27、例14】-Whos that man _ sunglasses? -Hes Jack Ding. Ive just got an autograph from him. A. on B. for C. of D. with 【例15】We are planning to have a surprise party _ her fifteenth birthday. A. at B. in C. for D. with 【例16】Students shouldnt go to school _ breakfast. Its bad for their health. A. with B. wit

28、hout C. for D. by 【例17】_ her husband, she has now become a famous film star. A. Because B. Thanks to C. Thanks for D. With the help 【例18】Mr.Lin gave the textbooks to all the students _ the ones who had already taken them. A. except B. including C. among D. with 【例19】Its time _ the weather report.Tur

29、n on the radio, please. A. to B. in C. at D. for 考 點 五介詞的固定搭配.介詞與名詞的常見搭配(易錯&重點）at first 首先at least 至少at work 在上班at times 有時at last 最后at the age of 在歲時at the same time 同時at the foot of 在腳下at the end of在.終點at dinner在吃正餐at noon 在中午by the end of 在末尾by the way 順便問問by hand 用手工in common 共同的in the end =

30、finally最后in time 及時in the daytime 在白天in danger 處在危險中in style 時髦的in fact 事實上in general 一般來說in a hurry 匆忙in a low voice低聲地in silence 不作聲in trouble 處于困境中in surprise 驚奇地in a word 總而言之in the distance在遠方in public 公開地on duty 值日，值班on show 展出，展覽on time 按時on the phone在電話里on the radio通過無線電out of work 失業(yè)on the

31、weekends 在周末on the weekdays工作日on the left在左邊out of style 過時的the key / answer to 的答案to one's surprise 使人吃驚的是for some reason 由于原因out of breath 上氣不接下氣on foot 步行thanks to多虧了thanks for為而感謝with a smile帶著微笑【例20】 Do you know Mo Yan? Of course, He won the 2012 Nobel Prize four Literature _ the age of 57.

32、 A. in B. at C. on D. to 【例21】Dont ask him to study too late into the night. _, he is only a small child. A.As a result B. After all （畢竟） C. Best of all D. For example 【例22】- Maybe you should call him up. -But I dont want to talk with him _ the phone. A. on B. at C. in D. with . 介詞與動詞的常見搭配 (易錯&重

33、點）agree with 同意ask sb for sth 向要be made +介詞類be used+介詞類borrow from 從借lend to 借給get on / off 上/下車succeed in doing 成功做某事complain about 抱怨depend on 依靠，依賴do busin ess 經(jīng)商get ready for 為準備hear of / about 聽說hear from 收到來信keep off 不接近look forward to doing盼望learn from 向?qū)W習(xí)talk with/to 和交談provide with 提供給run o

34、ut of 用完remind . of 使想起talk about 討論take pride in 以而自豪compare . to/with比喻；與比較think about 考慮think of 認為，想到send for 派人去請die of/from死于.give in 投降set off 動身出發(fā)speak to 對某人說pass on 傳遞【例23】 Catherine got married _ a policeman twenty years ago. A. with B. for C. to D. by【例24】-Id like a cup of black coffee.

35、What about you, Maggie? -I prefer coffee _ sugar. A. than B. for C. with D. to 【例25】Ann often helps me _ maths after school. A. for B. with C. on D. by . 介詞與形容詞的常見搭配 (易錯&重點）be angry with 生的氣be full of 充滿be filled with被充滿be famous for 以著名be famous as 作為而出名be absent from 缺席，不在be mad/angry at 生的氣be

36、 pleased with 對滿意be tired of 對.厭倦be polite to 對有禮貌be strict with sb 對要求嚴格be strict in sth對要求嚴格different from 不同于be satisfied with 滿意be surprised at 驚奇catch up with跟上have nothing to do with 與.無關(guān)be popular with 受某人歡迎give a lesson to sb 給.一個教訓(xùn)go to the cinema 看電影知識小拓展：（1）“動詞+介詞”有l(wèi)ook after，look like，ta

37、lk with，hear from等賓語可放在介詞后面。 “動詞+副詞”有put on ，take off， write down， try on 等當賓語為名詞可放在副詞的前或后， 當賓語為代詞時只能放在動詞和副詞之間。 （2）to 既是介詞，也是動詞不定時符號。下列情況為介詞，后面跟名詞或者動詞ing 形式 熟記：pay attention to, make a contribution to, get used to, prefer doing to doing, look forward to, stick to【例26】If you read a lot, your life will be full _ pleasure. A.