北京市適應(yīng)性測(cè)試及答案

1、 2020年北京市高考適應(yīng)性測(cè)試 本試卷共12頁(yè)，共120分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)100分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。 A Mrs. Bailey was important in the educational journey that carried me through school and into my profession.

2、 Until I joined her class, I hadnt believed in my ability as a writer. She 1 (persuade)me to join the poetry society and lit in me a fire for literature. She recognised 2 (I) potential and showed me that I could write with creativity and enthusiasm. Because of the confidence she inspired in me, Ive

3、carved out a 3 (success) profession as a journalist. BSome university students carried out a campaign 4 they celebrated their whole day without cell phones. This move was to improve their relationships with their near and dear ones and to keep them away from the virtual(虛擬的)life. 5 (study) indicate

4、that a majority of young people used their phones during lessons, over family meals or even at the cinema. The problem of phone addiction(成癮) has been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists 6 (try)to increase awareness about this problem. CThe tiger shark 7 (consider) to be o

5、ne of the most dangerous sharks in the world. Why are tiger sharks so dangerous? First, they like to live 8 waters where humans usually swim, so the chances of an encounter (遭遇) are much greater. Second, tiger sharks are so strong and aggressive that they can 9 (easy) hit a person. And third, tiger

6、sharks have teeth perfectly 10 (design) for cutting their food, so it is certain that the damage will be disastrous.第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。 Afel was only a very small boy when he first saw snow in a picture book. It had lots of pictures of child

7、ren 11 inbig white fields. He asked, “Mum, what are those white fields?” His mother laughed, “Thats snow, and they are making a snowman!” She tried to 12 what snow was. Afel didnt really 13 because there was no real snow where he lived. But he showed great 14.One day when he was 12, Afel was watchin

8、g a programme on TV at his uncles house. The programme was full of snow. And not only snowthere were people 15 across the snow. They looked like fantastic birds. They had hats covering all their heads and big goggles over their eyes. And on their feet, they had 16 shoes.“What are those?” he asked hi

9、s uncle 17 .“Skis,” replied his uncle. “And those people are called skiers.” At that moment, he 18 to be a skier. He asked his uncle what the programme was. “The Winter Olympics,” said his uncle. “Its like the normal Olympics, but for 19 where you need snowski jumping, bobsleigh (長(zhǎng)橇), those sorts of

10、 things. They 20 it every four years.”Afel found out that the next Winter Olympics would be in Beijing, in 2022. “Perfect,” he thought. “Enough 21 for me to become a brilliant skier.”“But theres no snow here!” people told him. “Where are you going to ski?”Afel 22 them. He made himself a pair of skis

11、 from two pieces of wood. He tied them to his feet and practised skiing 23 two sticks in his hands. He practised again and again until he could 24 quite quickly across the sand. He 25 to fly down the hills like the people on TV, but he couldnt.“Never mind,” he thought. “Its a 26 ”“How will you go to

12、 the Olympics?” people asked him. “Our country doesnt 27 have a team that goes to the Winter Olympics. We have good runners and win lots of medals at the Olympics. But no skiing, no.”Afel didnt 28 .So every night, out in the middle of the desert, Afel now practises skiing down sandhills. He 29 that

13、the yellow sand and brown earth are as gold as the medalhe will bring home with him, when he is the 30 .11Adrawing Bplaying Cdancing Dhiking12Aannounce Bstress Cconclude Dexplain 13Amind Brespond Cunderstand Dregret14Ainterest Bconcern Cpatience Dconfidence15Awalking Briding Crunning Dflying 16Astro

14、ng Bstrange Cfashionable Dcomfortable17Apolitely Bhopefully Cexcitedly Dnervously18Apromised Bclaimed Cagreed Ddecided19Aprojects Bfields Csports Dcourses20Again Bhave Caccept Dmark21Atime Benergy Cexperience Ddetermination22Aavoided Bignored Ccorrected Dcriticized23Apushing Bpulling Cholding Dwavin

15、g24Aroll Bmarch Cjump Dmove 25Aneeded Bprepared Cpretended Dattempted 26Astart Bchance Csolution Dstrategy27Aeven Boften Cshortly Dfinally28Arefuse Binquire Ccare Dcomplain29Adreams Bpredicts Cassumes Drealizes30Aauthority Bchampion Cgenius Dcelebrity第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題

16、所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。 A If youre looking to buy a gift for your children, why not keep up with the trend and get the best hoverboard? What is a Hoverboard?A hoverboard is a two-wheeled personal transportation device. Its electrical, portable and became highly popular in 2015 in referen

17、ce to a popular 1980s movie. Typically, this self-balancing device operates like a powered skateboard.How Does a Hoverboard Work?The device may have many designs, but the mechanism itself isnt complicated. Basically, a standard hoverboard contains: -Battery: stores the electrical power. Almost all h

18、overboards use a high-watt lithium-ion battery. -Gyroscope (one for each wheel): allows riders to tilt (傾斜) the hoverboard while maintaining balance and adjusting their direction. -Motor (one in each wheel): provides the power to the wheels to keep the rider balanced and upright. -Logic board: funct

19、ions as the hoverboard brain. It processes datayour speed, tilt, etc.and sends information to the motors. This unit controls the power of the board so riders can adjust their speed. All the above components work together to control the power and tilt of the hoverboards so the rider is balanced, upri

20、ght and moving at a controlled speed.Why Buy a Hoverboard?Undoubtedly, hoverboards are cool. Youve probably seen kids riding one around the house. Theyre a phenomenon and everybody wants in. So, why deny your kids and prevent them from being part of this trend? Where is a hoverboard legal? Despite t

21、heir wild popularity, hoverboards have yet to become “street-legal”. Currently, some places prohibit anyone under 16 from using these devices, and hoverboards are banned in academic institutions and public places, like campus buildings, parks, shopping malls and subway stations. Some places have als

22、o put speed limits on the devices and restricted their use to bike paths. However, open areasincluding your yardare free of these restrictions.31. The logic board of a hoverboard can _.Astore electricity Bpower the wheelsCsend informationto the riders Dreceive dataand give command32. According to th

23、epassage, a hoverboard can be used_.Aon campus Bin parks Con bike paths Din shopping malls33. What is the main purpose of this passage? ATo evaluate a giftsquality. BTo recommend a gift choice.CTo compare new hoverboard models. DTo clarifyfunctions ofthe latest hoverboards. B Growing up, Deka Ismail

24、 says she let labels define what she could be. “I was ablack girl, from a refugee(難民) family,” Deka said. “It was as if I was only allowed to explore in this predetermined box.”After a high school chemistry class inspired her to think about a career in science and gave her confidence in the field, D

25、eka learned to live outside labels and began making big plans for her future. Now she is about to begin her freshman year at the University of California, planning to become a professor. Born and raised in San Diegos City Heights neighbourhood, Deka is the daughter of a Somali refugeecouple. While s

26、ome might say Dekas success happened in spite of her background, she would say differently, that her experiences shaped her and inspired her to be the driven, young scientist that she is today. When Deka was eightyears old,her mother got a job by studying hard back in school in order to support the

27、whole family.That madeDekarealize that education could make a difference to ones life.She spent a lot of time in the library reading books, and didnt do many of the things her peers did, like partying or having romantic relationships. “I always felt like I had to be the perfect girl for my family,”D

28、eka said. “You have tonot even do your best but two times better than everyone else. I felt like the whole world was waiting for me to mess up.” Dekas efforts paid off. The summer before her senior year of high school, she was accepted to the American Chemical Society Project SEED Programme. “She br

29、ought both enthusiasm and focus,” Botham, a researcher at this research institute, recalled. “She arrived every day ready to work, ready to learn and ready to tackle new challenges regardless of whether or not she had done anything similar.”When asked what advice she would give to others like her, D

30、eka warned them not to underestimate themselves. “Dont tell yourself that scholarship is too big or this programme is too competitive or Ill never get into this school, ”she said. “I was not sure whether I could make it until I started seeing the acceptance letters rolling in.”34From the passage, we

31、 can learn that _.A. Deka was adopted by a refugee family B. Deka spent a lot of time going to partiesC. Deka became a professor after graduation D. Dekas experiences drove her to work hard35Deka realized the importance of education_.A. from her mothers experience B. after her chemistry classC. by r

32、eading books in the library D. through working at the institute36According to the last paragraph, Deka advised that students be _. A. patient B. confident C. ambitious D. generous37What does the story intend to tell us?A. Life is not all roses. B. Practice makes perfect. C.Well begun is half done. D

33、. Hardwork leads to success. CA group of blue-faced birds step through the grass shoulder to shoulder, red eyes looking around. They look like middle schoolers seeking a cafeteria table at lunchtime. Perhaps theyre not so different. Anew study, led by Damien Farine, an ornithologist who studies coll

34、ective behaviour, shows that the vulturine guineafowl of eastern Africa, like humans, have multilevel societies. In the past, scientists assumed such social structures required a lot of brainpower. But the pea-brained guineafowl are revealing the faults in that assumption.These large birds wander ac

35、ross the landscape in packs, often walking so closely that their bodies touch. They may fight each other to maintain their strict hierarchies (等級(jí)制度), but at other times they engage in friendly behaviours like sharing food. Suspecting the guineafowl might have a social structure, Dr. Farine and his c

36、olleagues began a thorough study of their society. For a whole year, they made daily observations of 441 birds. Coloured leg bands in unique combinations let researchers tell the black-and-blue birds apart. They also attached GPS devices to the backs of 58 birds, which let them see exactly where eve

37、ry group went, 24 hours a day.The findings of the research suggest that the vulturine guineafowl have a multilevel society. There are groups within groups within the population as a whole. There even seem to be groups of friends within the small groups. This is the first time anyone has observed suc

38、h a society in a bird.And Dr. Farine emphasizes this particular birds tiny brain size: “They dont only have small brains relative to mammals (哺乳動(dòng)物), they also have quite small brains relative to other birds,” he said. According to him, living in this kind of society might actually make it easier to

39、keep track of the social order. For example, if groups are stable and a bird can identify just one or two individuals within a group, it knows which group its looking atno need for a brain that can recognize every single animal. Multilevel societies also let animals adjust their group sizes based on

40、 whatever challenges theyre facing. Depending on what enemies or resources are around, it might make sense to travel in a combined group rather than a smaller one. “Having a multilevel structure may not require having a large brain,” Dr. Farine said. There may be more birds and other animals out the

41、re that, although small-brained, have societies as many-leveled as our own. 38According to the passage, what inspired Dr.Farine to carry out the study?AThe guineafowls social behaviour. BPreviousassumptions about birds.CHis interest in animal brainpower. DThe faults in earlier research.39What isPara

42、graph 4 mainly about?AThe research subjects. BThe research methods.CThe research findings. DThe research equipment.40What can be learned from the passage?AComplex social systems can be a disadvantage to the guineafowl.BThe guineafowl are good at recognizing individuals in a group.CBirds maintain soc

43、ial order by travelling in combined groups.DSmall-brained animals can form multilevel societies.41What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo present the findings of a study of the guineafowl.BTo explain the interaction patterns in multilevel societies.CTo introduce a new approach to observing the g

44、uineafowl.DTo uncover clues about how complex societies are formed. D For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scient

45、ists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things. Stressing successes isnt wrong, but for many people its not persuasive. An alternative answer to the question “Why trust science?” is that scientists use the so-called scientific method. If yo

46、uve got a high school science textbook lying around, youll probably find that answer in it. But what is typically thought to be the scientific methoddevelop a hypothesis(假設(shè)), then design an experiment to test itisnt what scientists actually do. Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones

47、get abandoned; and sometimes, scientists can be found doing many different things. If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the reason for trust in science? The answer is how those claims are evaluated. The common element in modern science, regardless of the specific field or the

48、particular methods being used, is the strict scrutiny(審查)of claims. Its this tough, sustained process that works to make sure faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field

49、 who have both the right and the obligation(責(zé)任)to find faults. A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads. In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, its th

50、ousands. This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in sciencethe more people looking at a claim from different anglesis important. Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scie

51、ntists are humans. There is always the possibility of revising a claim on the basis of new evidence. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claim

52、ed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical (矛盾的): that science produces both novelty and stability. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness. 42How doe

53、s the author think of the scientific method?A. Stable. B.Persuasive. C.Unreliable. D. Unrealistic.43What does the underlined word “vetted” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Explained. B.Examined. C.Repeated. D. Released.44According to the passage, the author may agree that_.A. it is not persuasive to

54、reject those faulty claimsB. settled science tends to be collectively overturnedC. a leading expert cannot play a decisive role in a scrutinyD. diversity in knowledge is the common element in science45Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Put Your Faith in Science B. Defe

55、nd the Truth in ScienceC.Apply Your Mind to Science D. Explore A Dynamic Way to Science第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 An interview is a discussion with someone in which you try to get information from them. 46 There are three basic sub-types of interview: structured interviews, unstructured interviews and semi-structured interviews. 47 Incidentally, “respondent” and “informant” are words that are sometimes used instead of “interviewee”. A great deal is provided by this personal contact: you are anothe