主謂一致的講解與練習(xí)

1、主謂一致講解與練習(xí)主謂一致是初中階段的重要語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目之一，從近年來(lái)中考的試題來(lái)看，對(duì)主謂一致的考查主要集中在以下內(nèi)容：1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。2、由and或bothand連接的并列成分做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：The poet and writer has come.3、由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)之前如果分別由each, every, no修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。(用and連接的并列主語(yǔ)被each, every 或no修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).)例如：In

2、 our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.4、主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)時(shí)，盡管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ，as well as（也 還有） ，together with， along with，like 等引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí) ，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致。（就遠(yuǎn)）例如：The woman with two children is my aunt .注意：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間插入了分詞短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)要與主語(yǔ)保持一致。Mr. Smith, followed by his wife an

3、d three children, has just arrived.5、一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如people, police(警察), cattle（牛）, clothes等做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。6、集體名詞family, class, team, group 等看作整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；看作每一個(gè)成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 7、 當(dāng)表示國(guó)家，城市，人名，書(shū)名，報(bào)紙，雜志，及組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，作為整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 8、 news ，maths，p

4、hysics ，politics等詞貌似復(fù)數(shù)，實(shí)為單數(shù)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).9 名詞如:news,以ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱。如：physics,mathematics,economics; 國(guó)名如 theUnited States: 報(bào)紙名如 the New Times 書(shū)名如Arabian Nights; 以及The United Nations等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Physics is difficult for many people.9、“the +形容詞”(如the poor ，the rich ，the young， the old ， the dead ，the sick，

5、the brave 等)做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)10、由each, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。(each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。)11、有兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。注意：如果這類(lèi)名詞前用了a pair of等，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Here are some new pairs of shoes.My new pair of socks i

6、s on the bed.12、表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。13、不定代詞由all, most, more, some, any, none做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，也要依這些代詞表示的意義來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果代詞代表復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。All of the work has been finished.All of the people have gone.14、疑問(wèn)代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也有兩種情況：主語(yǔ)表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語(yǔ)表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Who is your

7、brother?Who are League members?15、分?jǐn)?shù)(百分?jǐn)?shù))+of +名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后面的名詞的數(shù)。 但要注意population 一詞，用作整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，用其部分做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式用復(fù)數(shù)。Part of the work has been done by us .Ten percent of the apples were bad .The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70%of the population are peasants .16、half, the rest等表示不

8、定數(shù)量的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果所指為復(fù)數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果所指為單數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。17、由what 引出的從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。但如果所指內(nèi)容為復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。18、由連詞notbut, or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also,等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，如果一個(gè)是單數(shù)，一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。19、There be句型、以here開(kāi)頭的句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。 20、a number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，其動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但the number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，

9、其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 21、“one or two +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。One or two days are enough to see thecity(一、兩天的時(shí)間就夠了)22、 many a 單數(shù)名詞 (許多) ； more than one 單數(shù)名詞(不止一)做主語(yǔ)，盡管意思是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是用單數(shù)。注意： “more than +基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)或“more 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 than one做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.More than twenty students are playing

10、 football on the playground.More members than one are against your plan. 23、this kind of book=a book of this kind(這種書(shū))，做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(這類(lèi)人，口語(yǔ)中用)，但this kind of men的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，men of this kind=these kind of men的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。all kinds of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。This kind of men is

11、 dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.24、在定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)是關(guān)系代詞who , that , which , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。注意：在“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如沒(méi)有the only， 就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.He was the only one of

12、 the students who was late for school.22 不定式(短語(yǔ)), 動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ)), 或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如： Serving the people is my greatest happiness. 為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福. When well go out for an outing has been decided. 我們什么時(shí)候出去郊游已決定了23 none 做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)：但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù)，因而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。 如：None of us are (is) perfect. 人無(wú)完人。None

13、of this worries me. 這事一點(diǎn)不使我著急。 Nothing but stamps and envelopes are left for sale. 24 加減乘除用單數(shù)Three times four is twelve.【技巧點(diǎn)撥】中考主謂一致方面的考題主要考知識(shí)的記憶情況?？疾橹髦^一致的常見(jiàn)題型有單項(xiàng)選擇，完型填空，翻譯句子，單句改錯(cuò)，短文改錯(cuò)、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，時(shí)態(tài)填空等。做這類(lèi)題時(shí)，必須找出句子的真正主語(yǔ)，然后根據(jù)記憶的知識(shí)做出判斷。同時(shí)，要遵循三個(gè)原則：語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近原則?！究祭饰觥坷?1：Each of the students_ a dictionary.

14、 A. have B. is C. are D. has 剖析：此題意思是“每個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本字典”，所以先排除B、C 。句中of students作each的定語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是each，故又排除A 。答案：D例 2： How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are剖析：Ten years通常被看作是一個(gè)時(shí)間整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。答案：B例 3： Not only his parents but also his brother _to the Summer Palace. They havent been ba

15、ck. (2004南通)A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone剖析：由not onlybut also連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)就近原則同相鄰的主語(yǔ)保持一致，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。又因?yàn)樗麄冞€都沒(méi)有回來(lái)，所以用has gone而不用has been。答案：D例 4：Look! There _ playing with the tourists on Dahe Square.(2004包頭)A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deersC. is a number of deer

16、D. is a number of deers剖析：句子的主語(yǔ)a number of deer。當(dāng)a number of + 名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。因此首先排除C、D，而deer單復(fù)數(shù)相同，所以B也不正確。答案：A例 5：The Smiths _ sending e-mails _ letters. because it is faster.(2005云南)A .prefer, to writing B .prefer，to writeC .prefers，to writing D. prefers，to write剖析：姓氏名詞用復(fù)數(shù)且前面加上定冠詞時(shí)，表示一家人或一對(duì)夫婦。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂

17、語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。再如：The zhous live upstairs.(姓周的那家住在樓上)。此題答案應(yīng)在A、B中選，而短語(yǔ)prefer to中的to是一個(gè)介詞，故又排除B。答案：A例 6：Everyone except Bill and Jim _there when the meeting began.(2005黑龍江)A. was B. is C. are D. were剖析：根據(jù)主、從復(fù)合句時(shí)態(tài)一般要一致的原則，本題首先可排除B、C，而主句主語(yǔ)含有except等時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于except前邊的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，所以D答案也不正確。答案：A例 7：Either Jane or Steve

18、n _ watching TV now.(2005重慶)A.were B.is C.are D. was剖析：根據(jù)就近原則，應(yīng)排除A、C，而題中單詞now表明現(xiàn)在，所以D也不正確。答案：B例 8：Since 2000, Nanchang has become a new city. Everything _.(2005江西)A. are changed B. was changed C. has changed D. had changed剖析：根據(jù)“不定代詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)往往用單數(shù)”這一點(diǎn)，首先可以排除A答案。又由于change屬于不可數(shù)名詞，它沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以B也不正確。由since引出的

19、一個(gè)含具體過(guò)去時(shí)間的句子，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案：C【實(shí)地演練】I. 改錯(cuò)：1. Both paper and ink is（are） used up.2. Eating too much are(is) bad for your health.3. This pair of shoes are(is) my brothers.4. Each of the boys have(has) a dictionary.5 Every one of the students in Class Two have(has) two books .6. I think maths are(is) very

20、difficult to learn.7. A large number of students has（have） gone to work in Xingjian.8. The mother with two children often(goes) go to the town. II. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空9. _Is_ (be) everything OK?10. Nobody _knows_ (know) the answer to the question.11. Ten divided(除以) by two _is_ (be) five.12. Most of the dr

21、inking water _is_ (be) from the Black River.13. Not only she but also I _do_ (do) morning exercises every day.14. Either you or she _has_ (have) made a wrong decision.15. The family _are_(be) spending the weekend together.16. Bread and butter _is_ (be) her daily breakfast.(涂黃油的面包)17. The police _are

22、_ (be) trying to catch the thief.18. The number of people invited _was_ fifty, but a number of them _were_ absent for different reasons. . 選擇填空。( B) 19.There _ many new words in Lesson One. It is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isnt. are( B)20. -These bananas look different and they are sweet. -Right.

23、They _ here from Taiwan yesterday.A. was brought B. were brought C. bring D. are brought(B ) 21. The Olympic Games _ held every_ years. A. is，four B. are，four C. is，five D. are，five( C) 22. Look, here come some _. A. dog B. horse C. deer(鹿) D. cow( B) 23. The injured in the tsunami(海嘯) _ good care o

24、f by some medical teams. A. is taken B. are being taken C. are taking D. is being taken( C) 24. It is not J. K. Rowling but her works that _ us excited. 不是羅林本人而是她的著作讓我們?yōu)橹d奮 Her works _ us excitedA. makes B. is made C. make D. are made( B) 25. On the closet _ a pair of trousers his parents bought for

25、 his birthday. A. lying B. lies C. lie D. is laid(B ) 26. Each man and each woman _ asked to help when the fire broke out. A. is B. was C. are D. were(D ) 27. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south; the rest of them _ from the north and foreign countries. A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D

26、. are; are( B) 28. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy. A. is B. was C. are D. were(B ) 29. -When are you going to Kunming for your holidays? -I havent decided. _ this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK.A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also( D) 30._ Helen _ Joan

27、speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China. A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B(B ) 31.The paper for books and new papers _ made from wood. A. are B. is C. has D. have(B ) 32. Not only my brother but also I_ good at painting. Both of us _good painters. A. are.are B.

28、am.are C. is.is D. are.is(D ) 33. _ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each( D) 34. Are there any _ on the farm? A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep( C) 35. One-third of the area _ covered with green trees. About seventy percent of the trees _ been planted. A. are; have B. is;

29、 has C. is; have D. are; has (B ) 36. The number of teachers in our college _ greatly increased last term. A number of teachers in this school _ from the countryside. A. was; is B. was; are C. were; are D. were; is (A ) 37. What _ the population of China? One-third of the population _ workers here.

30、A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is ( B) 38. Not only he but also we _ right. He as well as we _ right. A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are( C)39. What hed like _ a digital watch. What hed like _ textbooks. A. are; are B. is; is C. is; are D. are; is(D )40. My shirt _ white and my tr

31、ousers _ blue. A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are( A) 41.Two months _ quite a long time.Yes. Im afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were(B ) 42.He is one of the boys who _ here on time. He is the only one of the boys who _ here on time. A. has come; have come B

32、. have come; has come C. has come; has come D. have come; have come (B ) 43. Either you or he _ interested in playing chess. _ you or he fond of music at present? A. are; Are B. is; Are C. are; Is D. is; Is( A) 44. Many a professor _ looking forward to visiting Germany now. Many scientists _ studied

33、 animals and plants in the last two years. A. is; have B. is; has C. are; have D. is; are (C ) 45. A knife and a fork _ on the table. A knife and fork _ on the table. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are (B ) 46. Her family _ much larger than mine four years ago. Her family _ dancing and sing

34、ing when I came in last night. A. were; was B. was; were C. was; was D. were; were (A ) 47.The box of rubbers _ white. A i s B.are C. be D.were(A ) 48._ he or you to come home? A.Is B.Are C.Will D.Can(A ) 49.The writer and teacher _ coming now. A.is B.are C.has D.have ( C) 50.The old man has two chi

35、ldren but _ of them lives with him. A. both B. none C. neither D. all( B) 51.Our knowledge of computer _ growing all the time. A. be B. is C. are D. were( A) 52.How and why Jack came to China _ not known. When and where to build the new library _ not been decided. A. is; has B. are; has C. is; have

36、D. are; have(D ) 53.Now Tom together with his classmates _ football on the playground. A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing(A ) 54.Two hundred and fifty pounds _ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car. A. is B. are C. were D. be( A) 55.All but Dick _ in Class Three this term. A. are

37、 B. is C. were D. was( B) 56.Soon after the earthquake, every man, woman and child _ about it. A. were talking B. was talking C. talk D. talks( D)57.We each(同位語(yǔ)) _ strong points and each of us on the other hand _ weak points. A. have; have B. has; have C. has; has D. have; has(B )58.Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began. A. is B. was C. are D