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1、常用情態(tài)動詞的用法比較1)在表示可能性”方面can、should、may、might這四個詞都可以用來表示“可能性“。但在表達的語氣和程度方面有所不同:can和should表示以事實、理由為依據(jù)而存在的可能性;其中should的主觀性較強,往往含有“應(yīng)該會怎么樣“的意思??傮w上說,這兩個詞在這方面的語氣較強、較肯定。與之相比,may和might這兩個詞在這方面的語氣較弱些、沒有那么肯定,表示主觀意斷的可能性,沒有足夠的客 觀依據(jù)。其中,might的語氣更為委婉、更弱。例如:You can't expect to be a top student without working hard
2、 at your study .(這種可能性很大。因為,不努力學(xué)習(xí)怎么能成為尖子生呢?)This book should be fou nd easily in the library .(說話人認為,圖書館應(yīng)該有很多這類書籍,所以應(yīng)該很容易找到。)You may meet her at the party today.(說話人認為,你今天或許有機會、有可能見到她。)You might mistake what I mea n.(說話人婉轉(zhuǎn)地說明,大概、也許你誤會我的意思了。)2)在表示"允諾"方面在表示"允諾”的can,may,might三個情態(tài)動詞中,以mig
3、ht最為客氣、委婉; may為居中;而can是表達這方面意思的普通詞。在這種情況下,要根據(jù)具體情況來選用這三個情態(tài)動詞。例如:You can leave now.(用于熟識的人之間;或是公事公辦的情況。)May I trouble you with a question ?(用于禮貌地提岀請求。)Might I have ano ther cup of coffee?(用于陌生或正式的場合,非常委婉、得體地提岀請求。)3)在表示“應(yīng)該"方面must,ought, should都能用來表示"岀于某種職責(zé)、義務(wù)而應(yīng)該怎么樣"的意思。以 must的語氣最強烈;ought
4、為居中;而should是表達這方面意思的普通詞。例如:We must build our motherla nd into a strong cou ntry with four moder ni zati on .( 語氣很強烈。表示我們 應(yīng)該把自己的祖國建設(shè)成一個具有四個現(xiàn)代化的強國,而且我們非得這樣做不可。)我們一定要將我們的祖國建成為一個具有四個現(xiàn)代化的強國。Students ought to study hard .(這種用法較有針對性,較具體,作為學(xué)生要努力學(xué)習(xí)是責(zé)無旁貸的。學(xué)生應(yīng)當努力學(xué)習(xí)。Students should study hard .(這種用法可理解為一般的提法、號召
5、。 )學(xué)生應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。4)在表示猜測”方面1. 情態(tài)動詞 must, can,could, may, might都可用來表示推測1)must所表示的可能性最大,最有把握,意為一定”。HeBhave completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn ' bt enjoying himself by the seaside.2005北京A. should B. must C. wouldn 't D. can ' t解析:根據(jù)下文,否則他不會在海邊玩得這么開心了”,可以推測上文他肯定已經(jīng)完成工作了”。B , he talks a lot a
6、bout his favorite sin gers after class. 2005 重慶A . A quiet students as he may be B . Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he may D . Quiet as he may be a student解析:雖然他可能是個安靜的孩子,但是他課后大談他喜歡的歌手。2)can和could主要用于否定句和疑問句中,can '或couldn '表示 不可能”(注意:表示猜測,can/could 一般不用于肯定句中。)Do you know
7、where David is? Icould n 'ind him any where.Well . He have gone far his coat 'still here.2005 湖北A . shouldn ' t Bmustn ' t.Ccan ' t D wouldn ' t解析:根據(jù)下文 他的外套還在這”,可以推測,他不可能走遠”。Can在否定句中表示不可能”。Isn' t that Ann's husba nd over there?No, it A be him -I'm sure he does n
8、39;t wear glasses.2004 全國一A. can'tB. must not C. won't D. may not解析:根據(jù)否定回答,和下文的暗示,該處表示不可能是他”,can'不是推測常用于否定和疑問。There ' no light ontheyA be at home .【2006 全國】A. can 't B. mustn 't C . needn 't D. shouldn ' t解析:根據(jù)上文,等不亮”,推測下文 他們不可能在家?!?) may和might表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)砜赡馨l(fā)生的動作或情況,主要用于肯定
9、句中,might相對于may來說,表示的可能性更小一些。may和might都不用于疑問句中。Scientists say it may be five or six years before it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.2004福建解析:該句意思是:科學(xué)家說可能還要五六年才可能將此藥試驗在人身上。may表推測 可能”。Excuse me . Is this the right way to the Summer Palace ?Sorry , I am not sure . But it A be .2004 湖
10、北A. might B. will C . must D . can解析:根據(jù)上文我不肯定”,可以推測語氣較弱,但也許是的”。might表推測語氣。2. 對目前狀態(tài)的推測:1) must/may/might/ca n/could + be+表語People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. After all, she isa great musician.2004 全國解析:人們對karen可能有各種看法,但我敬佩她,畢竟,她是個偉大的音樂家。2) must/may/might/ca n/could +些不能
11、用于進行時的靜態(tài)動詞對目前正在發(fā)生的事情進行推測:must/may/might/ca n/could + be doi ngI must be getting fat - I can hardly do my trousers up. 2004 全國二解析:根據(jù)下文暗示我的褲子幾乎提不上來了”,可以判斷前句的意思是我肯定在發(fā)胖”,must be doi ng對正在發(fā)生事情的推測。對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情進行推測:must/may/might/ca n/could + have doneTom graduated from college at a very you ng age.Oh, he _Dha
12、ve been a very smart boy then.【2004 全國四】A. couldB. shouldC. mightD. must解析:根據(jù)上文他年紀很小就大學(xué)畢業(yè)了”,可知下文表達的意思是當時他肯定是一個非常聰明的孩子”,對過去事情的肯定推測用must have done.被動語態(tài)的用法當謂語表示一個動作時,主語和它可以有兩種不同關(guān)系;主動關(guān)系或被動關(guān)系。 在表示主動關(guān)系時(即主語為動作的執(zhí)行者時),謂語的形式稱為主動語態(tài)(the Active Voice)。在表示被動關(guān)系時(即主語為動作的承受者時),謂語要用另一種形式,稱為被動語態(tài)(the Passive Voice)。在被
13、動結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中,動作執(zhí)行者可以由介詞by引起的短語表示。被You' rewan ted on thepho ne.有人給你打電話。2) 一般過去時。例如:The book was fini shedlastweek.這書是上周寫完的。3) 般將來時。例如:You' llbe allowed togoouttomorrow.明天讓你岀去。4)現(xiàn)在進行時和過去進行時。例如:a. The build ingis beingbuilt.這幢樓正在修自行車。b.repaired.be表現(xiàn)岀來。動語態(tài)由助動詞 be加過去分詞構(gòu)成,時態(tài)通過1) 一般現(xiàn)在時。例如:那時正在修自行車。5)a.T
14、he bikes were being現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時。例如:This book has bee n tra nslatedb.The car had bee n o En glish.這時汽車已修完了這本書已被譯成英語。使用被動語態(tài)的情況1)需要突出或強調(diào)承受者時。例如:His work was stopped for他的工作在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間中斷。time dur ingthe FirstWorld War.2)The road has bee n repaired. 道路已經(jīng)修好了。不知道或沒有必要指岀動作的執(zhí)行者時。例如:Negroes were fir
15、st brought to America as 黑人最初作為奴隸被帶到美國。slaves.When was the PLA founed?3)中國人民解放軍何時成立?對事物作客觀說明時It was reported that thescie ntistsweresolve this problem.據(jù)報道,科學(xué)家們正在尋求新的方法來解決這個難題。4)岀于禮貌措辭等方面的考慮不愿說岀動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。例如:It isgen erallycon sidered not advisable一般認為在這兒吸煙是不妥當?shù)摹J褂帽粍诱Z態(tài)應(yīng)注意下面幾點。1)短語動詞的被動語態(tài),如:searchi ngfo
16、r newways toto smokehere.要保持短語動詞的完整性,動詞后面的介詞或副詞切記不可遺漏。例These booksmustThe childre n2)常帶雙賓語的動詞如:werebe take ngood carewell looked after.of.這些書必須好好保管 孩子們受到了良好的護理。give, send, take, bring, rite, ask, lend, show, 賓語作為保留賓語,或變?yōu)榻樵~賓語,作狀語中。teach, tell, offer,pay等,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,將其中一個賓語變成主語,sing, buy, promise,make, w
17、另一個We gave him some picture-books.He was give nsome picture-books.Some picture-books were givento him.3)常帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞有see, watch, hear, make, let, have, feel等,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z我們給他一些圖畫書。態(tài)時,原來的賓語補足語。 賓語補足語為不定式的, 原來不帶to變?yōu)橹髡Z后,要加上to。例如:她請我過去談一談。She asked me to step in and have a talk.-I was asked to step in and have a
18、talk.4) 情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)和shall或will 樣。We can divide an atom.原子是可分的。 An atom can be divided.5) 主從復(fù)合句變被動語態(tài)時,主從句都要變。They are not going to put off the maths con test.- The maths con testis not going to be put off.相關(guān)知識點精講1.let的用法的不定式。例如:1)當j let后只有一個單音節(jié)動詞,變被動語態(tài)時,可用不帶toTheyletthe stra ngego.他們放陌生人走了。>The stra
19、 ngewasletgo.2)當j let后賓補較長時,let通常不用被動語態(tài),而用allow或permit 代替。例如Thenurselet me gotosee my classmate inthehospital.那護士讓我去探望住院的同學(xué)。_> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.2.短語動詞的被動語態(tài)短語動詞是一個整體,不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。例如:My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.我妹妹由奶奶照顧。Such a thi ng has n
20、 everbee n heard of before.這樣的事聞所未聞3. 表示“據(jù)說“或"相信“的詞組,基本上由believe,con sider,declare,expect,feel ,report,say, see,suppose, think.un dersta nd 等組成。例如:Itis said that -據(jù)說Itisreportedthat -據(jù)報道Itisbelievedthat -大家相信Itishoped that 大家希望Itiswellknown that眾所周知Itisthought that 大家認為Itissuggested that據(jù)建議Itis
21、take ngra ntedthat被視為當然Ithasbee n decidedthat大家決定Itmustbe rememberthat務(wù)必記住的是4.不用被動語態(tài)的情況1)不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語,如appear, diedisappear,end (vi.結(jié)束), fail,happe n,last,lie,remai n,sit,spread,sta nd,break out, cometrue,fallasleep,keep sile nee,loseheart,take place等沒有無被動語態(tài)。例如:After the fire,very littlerema inedof
22、 my house.大火過后,我家燒得所剩無幾。比較:rise,fall,happen是不及物動詞; raise,seat是及物動詞。要想正確地使用被動語態(tài),就須注意哪些動詞是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程中多留意積累。2)不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語,如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost,no tice,watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from,happe n to, take
23、part in, walkin to,bel ongto 等。例如:This key just fits the lock.這把鑰匙只配這把鎖。Your story agrees with what had already bee n heard. 你說的與我們聽說 的一致。3)系動詞無被動語態(tài),如appear, be become, fall,feel,get,grow, keep, look,rema in,seem,smell, sou nd, stay, taste,turn 等。例如:It sou nds good.聽上去不錯。4)帶同源賓語的及物動詞如die/death,dream
24、/dream, live/life等,以及反身代詞,相互代詞,不能用于被動語態(tài)。例如:She dreamed a bad dream lastni ght.她昨晚做了個惡夢。5)當賓語是不定式時,很少用于被動語態(tài)。例如:(對)She likestoswim.(錯)To swim islikedbyher.5.主動形式表示被動意義1)wash,clea n,cook, iron,look,cut, sell,read, wear, feel,draw, write,sell等。例如:Thebook sellswell.這本書銷路好。Thisknife cutseasily.這刀子很好用。2) b
25、lame,let (岀租),rema in,keep, rent,build 等。例如:I was to blamefor theaccide nt.事故發(fā)生了,我該受指責(zé)Much work remai ns.還有許多活要干。3)在need, require,want,worth(形容詞),deserve后的動名詞必須用主動形式。例如:The door n eeds repairi ng.=The door n eeds to be repaired. 門該修了。This book is worth readi ng.這本書值得一讀。4)特殊結(jié)構(gòu):make sb. heard / unders
26、tood(使別人能聽見/理解自己)等。例如:Explainit clearly and make yourselfunderstood.解釋清楚些,讓別人理解你的話。6. 被動形式表示主動意義,女口 be determ in ed, be pleased, be graduated ( from) , be prepared ( for) be occupied ( in ) , get married 等。例如:He is graduated from a famous uni versity.他畢業(yè)于一所有名的大學(xué)。注意:表示同某人結(jié)婚,用marry sb. 或get married to
27、 sb.均可。例如:He married a rich girl.他與一個富妞結(jié)婚了。He got married to a rich girl.7. n eed/wa nt/require/worth當 need, want, require, be worth后面接doing時,表示的是被動意義。例如:Your hairThe floorwan tsrequirescutt in g.你的頭發(fā)該理了。wash ing.地板需要沖洗。典型例題The libraryneeds ,but it'llhave to waitun tilSun day.A. clea ningB. becl
28、ea nedC. clea nD.bei ngclea ned答案A. need(實意)+n /to do,need (情態(tài))+do,當為被動語態(tài)時,還可n eed+ doing.本題考取后種用法,選A。如有tobe clea n則也為正確答案。典:done,"不可能已經(jīng)"omust notdo 不可以(用于般現(xiàn)在時)o高考題解:(1)The n umber of deathsform heartdisease willbe reduced greatly it peopleto eat more fruit and vegetables.(2004上海)A. persua
29、deB. will persuadeC. be persuadedD. are persuaded【點撥】考例(1)定語從句中表達的是客觀事實,現(xiàn)行詞和定語從句之間是動賓關(guān)系,故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)??祭?)主句是一般將來時,其后條件狀語從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來,從句主語和謂語之間是動賓關(guān)系,故也用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài),選BD。(3)With more forests being destroyed, huge qua ntitiesof good earth each year. ( 2005 山東)A. is wash ing awayB. is beingwashed awayC.
30、 are wash ing awayD. are beingwashed awayMon ths ago we sailedte nthousandmilesacross thisope n sea, whichthe Pacific,andwemet nostorms.(2005遼寧)A. was calledB. is calledC. hadbeen calledD.has bee n called(2)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可以看岀句子應(yīng)【點撥】此題考查了時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致兩個方面。從前面的用現(xiàn)在進行時,earth和wash away之間是動賓關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。(huge)q
31、ua ntitiesof 作定語修飾的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞與qua ntities 保持一致,用復(fù)數(shù),與所修飾的名詞無關(guān),故選 Do(4)Millio nsofpou nds'worth of damagebyastormwhichsweptacrosstheno rthofEn gla nd lastni gh.(2005重慶)A. hasbee ncausedB.hadbee ncausedC. willbecausedD.willhavebee ncaused【點撥】考例(4)強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果,damage是不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞只能用第三人稱單數(shù),和cause之間是動賓關(guān)
32、系,故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài),故選Ao(5)The mayor of Beiji ngsays that allcon structi onwork for the Beiji ng Olympics by 2006.(2004 北京)B. has completedA. has bee n completedC. will have bee n completedD. will have completed【點撥】從介詞短語by 2006可以看岀該題表示將來某個時間要完成的動作,constructionwork和動詞complete之間是動賓關(guān)系,故用將來完成時的被動語態(tài),選C。(6) On
33、ly when your identity has been checked , . ( 2003 上海)A. you are allowed inB. you will be allowed inC. will you allow inD. will you be allowed in【點撥】時間狀語從句是一般現(xiàn)在時,主句應(yīng)用一般將來時,主語和謂語之間是動賓關(guān)系,only跟時間狀語從句或介詞短語時,句子要用倒裝語序,故選Do(7)Thepolicema n satte nti onwassudde nlyplacedun derthe Minister 's car.A.has be
34、enB. wasbei ngbe【點撥】考例(7)從主句可以看岀,place這個動作發(fā)生在主句動詞(2005廣東)C. had bee nD. wouldcaught by a small box which catch所表示的動作之前,Moretha na dozenstude ntsin thatschoolabroad tostudymedici nelastyear.(2005上海)A.sentB. were sentC. had sentD. hadbee nsent先行詞和place之間是動賓關(guān)系,故用過去完成時的被動語態(tài),選C(9) ?Why didyou leavethatpo
35、siti on?(2005北京)?Ia betterpositi onat IBM.A. offerB.offeredC. am offeredered【點撥】考例(8)中有明顯的過去時間狀語D. was offlast year,考例(9)雖然沒有明顯的時間狀語,但從問句的時態(tài)可以看岀,offer這動作也是發(fā)生在過去,兩考例中的主語和謂語動詞之間都是動賓關(guān)系,故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài),選BD0鞏固練習(xí):1.After afirebroke outinthe lab,a lotofequipme nt(2005北京春)A.is damagedB. had damagedC.damagedD.
36、was damaged2.Ican'tseeany coffeeinthiscupboard.?(2005北京春)A.Has itallbee nfini shedB. Was it allfinishedC.Has itallfini shedD. Did it allfin ish3.More patie ntsinhospitalthisyeartha nlast year.(2004江蘇)A.treatedB. have treatedC.had bee n treatedD. havebee ntreated4.? The wi ndow is dirty.(2004廣西)?
37、I know. Itfor weeks.A.hasn'tclea nedB.didn 't clea nC.wasn'tclea nedD.has n'tbee nclea ned5.?GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweekDidyou goto theirwedding? (2004 湖北)?No, IDidtheyhavea bigweddi ng?A.was notin vitedB. havenotbee nin vitedc.hadn'tbee nin vitedD.didn 'tin vite6.The fir
38、stuse ofatomic weap onswas in1945,and theirpowerin creasedeno rmouslyeversince.(2004 上海)A.isB. wasC.hasbee nD.hadbee n7.Accord ingtotheartdealer,thepain ti ngto goforatleastamillio ndollars.(2004 全國 II)Ais expectedBexpectsC expectedDisexpect ing8.The n ews reportershurriedto theairport,onlythefilmst
39、arshad left.(2004福建)A. totellB.to betoldC. tellingD. told9.withthesizeof thewholeearth,the biggestocea n doesnot seembigatall.(2004湖北)A.CompareB.Whencompari ngC.Compari ngD. When compared10.The fluisbelievedbyvirusesthat liketoreproducein thecellsin sidethehuman noseandthroat.(2004上海)A.caus ingB.bei ngcaused
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