小升初知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、小升初知識(shí)點(diǎn)1、動(dòng)詞be（is,am,are）的用法我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟著他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定，更容易，be后not加上去。變疑問，往前提，句末問號(hào)莫丟棄。還有一條須注意，句首大寫莫忘記。2this，that和it用法(1)this和that是指示代詞，it是人稱代詞。(2)距離說話人近的人或物用this, 距離說話人遠(yuǎn)的人或物用that。如： This is a flower. 這是一朵花。(近處)That is a tree. 那是一棵樹。(遠(yuǎn)處)(3)放在一起的兩樣?xùn)|西，先說this, 后說that。如

2、：This is a pen. That is a pencil. 這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。(4)向別人介紹某人時(shí)說This is, 不說That is。如：This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 這是海倫，海倫，這是湯姆。(5)This is 不能縮寫, 而That is可以縮寫。如：This is a bike. Thats a car. 這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。(6)打電話時(shí)，介紹自己用this, 詢問對(duì)方用that。如：-Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐嗎？-Yes, this is. Whos that? 是

3、的，我是，你是誰？注意：雖然漢語中使用“我”和“你”，但英語中打電話時(shí)絕不可以說：I am, Are you？/Who are you?(7)在回答this或that作主語的疑問句時(shí), 要用it代替this或that。如：-Is this a notebook? 這是筆記本嗎？-Yes, it is. 是的，它是。-Whats that? 那是什么？-Its a kite. 是只風(fēng)箏。3these和those用法this, that, these和those是指示代詞，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間、距離較遠(yuǎn)或前面

4、已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。This is my bed. That is Lilys bed. 這是我的床。那是莉莉的床。These pictures are good. 那些畫很好。 Are those apple trees? 那些是蘋果樹嗎？在回答主語是these或those的疑問句時(shí)，通常用they代替these或those以避免重復(fù)。如：Are these/those your apples? 這些(那些)是你的蘋果嗎？Yes, they are. 是的，他們是。4名詞s所有格單數(shù)名詞后直接加 “ s ”：Jims coat 吉姆的外套 Jeffs mother杰夫的媽媽以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名

5、詞，只加“”Teachers Day教師節(jié) the twins books雙胞胎的書不以s結(jié)尾的不規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù)，加“ s ”Childrens Day 兒童節(jié) mens shoes男式鞋表示兩者共同擁有時(shí)，只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加sLucy and Lilys mother 露茜和莉莉的媽媽(共同的媽媽，一個(gè)媽媽)表示兩者各自擁有時(shí)，要在每個(gè)名詞后加sLucys and Kates rooms 露茜和凱特的房間（各自的房間，兩間房子）5There be句型(1)There be句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處（某時(shí)）有某人（某物）?！逼浠窘Y(jié)構(gòu)為“There be某物（某人）某地（某時(shí)）”其中there是

6、引導(dǎo)詞，沒有詞義；主語是be后面的名詞， be是謂語動(dòng)詞，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中be只用is和are兩種形式。下面這首歌訣可幫你巧記there be句型結(jié)構(gòu)：There be放句首，主語跟在后。地、時(shí)放句末，強(qiáng)調(diào)置前頭。如：There is a book on the desk.有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)，也可把介詞短語放在句首。如：On the desk there is a book.(2)There be句型中的be動(dòng)詞如何確定呢？請(qǐng)先看看下面這首歌訣：Be動(dòng)詞，有三個(gè)，am，is還有are。“There be”真特別，不留am只留倆，那就是is還有are。要用is還是are，須看其后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)

7、。若是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用is，否則就用are。如：There is a tree behind the house.There is some water（水）in the bottle（瓶子）.There are some pears in the box.(3)注意：如果“be”后的主語是由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞，那么be的形式要遵循“遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說，“be”的形式是由與它最近的那個(gè)名詞來確定的。若那個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is，是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如：There is a book and some pens on the floor.There are so

8、me pens and a book on the floor.語法總結(jié) 一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則      1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds      2以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches      3以“輔音字母 

9、y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries      4以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives       Leafleaves      5不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：      man-men, woman-women, polic

10、eman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,       child-children      foot-feet,.tooth-teeth      fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese      寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù) 

11、0;     I _him _this _her _      watch _child _photo _diary _      day_ foot_ book_ dress _      tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _      peach_ sandwich _dish_

12、bus_      man_ woman_       二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)      一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹       【No. 1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能      1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。    

13、  2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I get up at six every day.我天天六點(diǎn)起床。      3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。      一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成      1. be動(dòng)詞：主語 be(am,is,are) 其它。如：     &#

14、160;I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。      2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語 行為動(dòng)詞( 其它)。如：      We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。      當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。    &

15、#160; 【No. 2】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化      1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。      否定句：主語 be not 其它。      如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。      一般疑問句：Be 主語 其它。      如：-A

16、re you a student?       -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.      非凡疑問句：疑問詞 一般疑問句。如：Where is my bike?      2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。      否定句：主語 don't( doesn't ) 動(dòng)詞原形( 其它)。如

17、：      I don't like bread.      當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：      He doesn't often play.      一般疑問句：Do( Does ) 主語 動(dòng)詞原形 其它。如：    

18、0; - Do you often play football?      - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.      當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：      - Does she go to work by bike?      - Yes, she does. / No, she doe

19、sn't.動(dòng)詞 s的變化規(guī)則      1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks      2以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes      3以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 

20、;     一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練:      一、 寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)       drink _ go _ stay _ make _      look _ have_ pass_ carry _      come_ watch_ plant_ fly _  

21、;    study_ brush_ do_ teach_      wash_      二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。      1. He often _(have) dinner at home.      2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.  

22、    3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.      4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.      5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?      6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?    &#

23、160; 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?      8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.      9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.      10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.

24、      11. Mike _(like) cooking.      12. They _(have) the same hobby.      13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.      14. You always _(do) your homework well.  &#

25、160;   15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.      16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.      17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.      18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.  

26、    19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.      20. What day _(be) it today?       Its Saturday 三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)      1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。&#

27、160;     2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be 動(dòng)詞ing.      3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。      4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。      5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的非凡疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：      疑問詞不達(dá)意 be 主語 動(dòng)詞ing?

28、      但疑問詞當(dāng)主語時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：      疑問詞不達(dá)意 be 動(dòng)詞ing?      動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則      1一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking      2以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tast

29、ing      3假如末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping      現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：      一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：      play_ run_ swim _make_      go_ lik

30、e_ write_ _ski_       read_ have_ sing _ dance_      put_ see_ buy _ love_       live_ take_ come _ get_      stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_      二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正

31、確形式填空：      1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.      2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .      3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.      4. What _ you _ ( do ) now

32、?      5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .      6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.      7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .      8.What is our granddaughter do

33、ing? She _(listen ) to music.      9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now      10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .      四、將來時(shí)理論及練習(xí)      一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或預(yù)備做某事。句中一般

34、有以下時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week,       month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。       二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to do；      will do.       三、否定句：在be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are）l后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)

35、詞will后加not成wont。      例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.      四、同義句：be going to = will      I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimm

36、ing tomorrow.       練習(xí)：      填空。      1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。      I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.      I _ have a picnic with my friends. 

37、60;    2.我們將要學(xué)習(xí)英語      We _ _ _ learn English.      We _ learn English.      五、一般過去時(shí)      1一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。一般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 

38、60;    2Be動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化：      am 和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasnt）      are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=werent）      3句中沒有be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的句子      否定句：didnt 動(dòng)詞原形，如：

39、Jim didnt go home yesterday動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則：      1一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：work_-worked , cook-cooked      2結(jié)尾是e加d，如：live_lived       3末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped      4

40、以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied      5不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式：       am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read

41、-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat      過去時(shí)練習(xí)      寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式       isam_ plant_ are _      drink_ play_ go_ make _     &#

42、160;does_ dance_ worry_ ask _      taste_ eat_ put _      kick_ pass_ do _      Be動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)（1）      Name _ No. _ Date _      一、 用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 

43、     1. I _ at school just now.      2. He _ at the camp last week.      3. We _ students two years ago.      4. They _ on the farm a moment ago.      5. Y

44、ang Ling _ eleven years old last year.      6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.        7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.      8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.&#

45、160;     一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空      1. I _ an English teacher now.      2. She _ happy yesterday.      3. They _ glad to see each other last month.      行為動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)練

46、習(xí)（2）      Name _ No. _ Date _      一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空      1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.      2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.      

47、3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)      4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?      5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.      6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National

48、 Day holiday.      7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.      8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.      六、人稱代詞和物主代詞     

49、 主格 賓格 形容詞性 名詞性      I me my mine      you you youryours      he him his his      she her her hers      itit its its  &#

50、160;   we us our ours      they them theirtheirs      習(xí)題      一.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空       1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I ) 

51、     2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she )       3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )      4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )      二、用am,

52、 is, are 填空      1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not.       2. The girl_ Jack's sister.       3. The dog _ tall and fat.       4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher.

53、60;     5. _ your brother in the classroom?       6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home.       7. How _ your father?       8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.      

54、; 9. Whose dress _ this?       10. Whose socks _ they?      具體用法 1.Hello 的用法： Hello 的意思為“您好” ，一般可作為熟人，親朋好友之間的打招呼用語,語氣比較隨便，例如： Hello,Li Hua!你好，李華。 Hello,Tom!你好，湯姆！ Hello 也可以用以引起某人注意，常用在打電話時(shí)或者

55、在路上碰見熟人時(shí),相當(dāng)于中文中的“喂”，有時(shí)也可用Hi 來代替hello ，但前者顯得更隨便。 2.What's your name?的用法： 當(dāng)兩人初次見面互相詢問姓名時(shí)，可用What's your name?來提問，回答時(shí)，可用My name is .來回答,接著反問對(duì)方時(shí)，可用And what's your name?來提問。例如： Hi!What's your name? Hi!My name is Lucy.And what's your name? My name is Wang Y

56、ing. 你好，你叫什么名字？ 你好，我叫露西。你叫什么名字？ 我叫王英。 句中的What's是What is的縮寫形式。 3.Good morning,class (teacher).的用法: Good morning,class.同學(xué)們好。 Good morning，teacher.老師好。 這是上午上課時(shí)，老師和全班同學(xué)互相問候時(shí)用語。Good morning 是上午問候時(shí)的用語，多用于熟人，朋友或家人之間，是比較正式的問候用語。句中問候語放在前面，稱呼語則要放在后面，并用逗號(hào)隔開。例如： Good

57、morning.Mr.White.懷特先生，你好。 4.英語字母： 英語中有26個(gè)字母，每一字母有大寫形式和小寫形式兩種。大小寫形式如下： A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h I I J j K k L l M m N n O o P p Q q R r S s T t U u V v W w X x Y y Z z 1.Are you？的用法。 這是一疑問句型，意思是“你是嗎？”用來詢問姓名，職業(yè)，身份等，例如： Are you a worker?你是一名工人嗎？ Are you a student?你是

58、學(xué)生嗎？ 回答時(shí)用Yes,I am.（是的，我是。）或者No,I'm not.（不，我不是）來回答，注意Yes和No后面都有逗號(hào)，不能省略。 2.Nice to meet you.的用法： 這是兩位初次見面相識(shí)后的用語，意思是“見到你很高興。”見面相識(shí)可由自我介紹，第三者介紹或者詢問相識(shí)。例如： Hello!I'm Xiao Hua. Hello!I'm Xiao Li. Nice to meet you,Xiao Li. Nice to meet you,too,Xiao Hua. 你好，我是小華 你好，我是小李。&#

59、160;小李，見到你我很高興。 小華，見到你我也很高興。 3.Where is ?的用法： 這一句型表示“某物或某人在什么地方”。它同中文的句型結(jié)構(gòu)不一樣，where在前，而某物或某人在后，例如： Where is my book? 我的書在哪兒？ It's there. 在這兒。 Where is Tom? Tom在哪兒？ He is here. 他在這兒。 句中的where is可以縮寫成“where's”。 4.am,is和are 的用法： 這三個(gè)詞都是“是”的含義，但用法比中文中的“是”要復(fù)雜，英語中的am,is 和are都是be 的變化形式，根據(jù)不同的主語選用不同的動(dòng)詞，主語I 用am,表示復(fù)數(shù)的主語和單數(shù)“you”則要用are,其它則用is。 I am a teacher.我是教