綜合類A級(jí)基礎(chǔ)通關(guān)班第1講講義,詞匯選項(xiàng)命題趨勢(shì)

1、綜合類a級(jí)基礎(chǔ)通關(guān)班第1講講義 詞匯選項(xiàng) 基礎(chǔ)通關(guān)班課程設(shè)置 一、詞匯選項(xiàng) 二、閱讀判斷 三、概括大意與完成句子 四、閱讀理解 五、補(bǔ)全短文 六、完形填空 第一講 詞匯選項(xiàng) 詞匯選項(xiàng)課程內(nèi)容 1、題型解析 2、命題趨勢(shì)分析 3、解題步驟及技巧 4、備考策略 5、重點(diǎn)詞匯 1、題型解析 1.1 考查內(nèi)容 第一部分考題 (共15小題，每題1分共15分) 本部分為15個(gè)完整的句子，每個(gè)句子中均有一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)下畫(huà)有橫線，要求考生從每個(gè)句子后面所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)與畫(huà)線部分意義最接近的詞或短語(yǔ)。 該題型主要考察考生根據(jù)所給句子的語(yǔ)境判斷句中某個(gè)單詞/短語(yǔ)意義的能力。主要目的是考察學(xué)生詞匯量的大小，詞

2、義的鑒別，詞的搭配使用，識(shí)記簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)法問(wèn)題。 1.2 出題形式 舉例： weil give every teacher room for development aplace bemployment chouse d. space 該題答案為d(空間)。劃線詞詞性單一只能用作名詞，其主要詞義為“房間。余地，空間”。劃線詞所在的句子說(shuō)“我們將給每一位老師適合于發(fā)展的”。由此判斷劃線詞在句子中的詞義為“空間”，因此備選項(xiàng)d(空間)是答案。 1.3 出題特點(diǎn) 常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)： 1）名詞（如例題）、動(dòng)詞、形容詞/副詞的辨析 2）可能會(huì)有1-2題涉及到短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（涉及常見(jiàn)小動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，如：go, come,

3、 take, leave, put, keep, think, call等） 3）派生詞（常考詞綴：-ly, -ful, un-, im-, -er/-or），程度副詞（very, much, somewhat, rather, fairly, kind of(稍微), a lot(非常) 等 ）和否定副詞（hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely） 出題特點(diǎn)： 1）劃線詞及被選項(xiàng)詞匯都為較常見(jiàn)的基本詞匯，詞義較單一， 常常只需要根據(jù)劃線詞的基本詞義就能直接判定答案。 2）例題中，被選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了拼寫(xiě)相似的單詞(place，space)，而且還出現(xiàn)了與劃線詞(room)詞

4、義相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)(選項(xiàng)c/房屋)以構(gòu)成二干擾項(xiàng)。 1.4 出題思路 每年的試卷中都要考15個(gè)小題（共15分），教材內(nèi)編寫(xiě)10組，每組15個(gè)小題，共150個(gè)。但只從書(shū)內(nèi)出1-3個(gè)，絕大多數(shù)都從書(shū)外出。一條線只畫(huà)一個(gè)詞的占90%以上，偶爾有一條線畫(huà)二個(gè)詞或三個(gè)詞的。因此，不能只會(huì)或只背書(shū)上的，重點(diǎn)要掌握好做詞匯題的方法和技巧。 2、命題趨勢(shì)分析 詞匯選項(xiàng)分析 動(dòng)詞 形容詞/副詞 名詞 句子結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) 考查重點(diǎn) 2013 7個(gè) blend，modify，allocate，defer，prohibit，depict，elevate 4個(gè) intimate，miraculous，uneasy，eligible

5、 4個(gè) puzzle，speciality，standpoint，census 12個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句 3個(gè)復(fù)合句 2個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 1、近義詞辨析 2、單詞的認(rèn)知 2012 6個(gè) run into, alleviate, update, discriminate, introduce, evoke 5個(gè) crisp， utterly， weary，exotic， hollow 4個(gè) profile, layout, peep, asylum 9個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句 2個(gè)復(fù)合句 2個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 1個(gè)并列句 1、近義詞辨析 2、單詞的認(rèn)知 2011 10個(gè) remark, urge, assert, tolerate, p

6、rovoke, grasp, hail, tremble, approach, find fault with 5個(gè) obscure, steady, scared, vigorous, considerably 0個(gè) 10個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句 5個(gè)復(fù)合句 2個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 1、近義詞辨析 2、單詞的認(rèn)知 2010 4個(gè) put up with, demolish, merge, spur 8個(gè) diligent, vague, immense, funny, vigorous decent, graceful, appalling 3個(gè) turmoil, hazard, resentment 12個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句

7、2個(gè)復(fù)合句 2個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 1并列句 1、近義詞辨析 2、單詞的認(rèn)知 3、解題步驟及技巧 3.1 解題技巧綜述 題目主要分為兩大類：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)單詞的題和單詞詞組（固定短語(yǔ)）的題。 涉及的技巧有： 查找簡(jiǎn)單單詞的技巧；查找動(dòng)詞原形的技巧；查找名詞原形的技巧；查找各種短語(yǔ)的技巧。除了這些技巧之外，根據(jù)題目的難易程度還會(huì)遇到在詞典中查不到單詞的同義詞或者是在題目選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或者是兩個(gè)以上的目標(biāo)詞的同義詞。所以，雖然詞匯題目很簡(jiǎn)單，但是也是有很多的變化形式和難度。 做這一部分題最好做到“又準(zhǔn)又快”，一般做題掌握在20分鐘以內(nèi)。 3.2 解題步驟 （1）直接看劃線詞（確定詞類和詞義），后看選項(xiàng)，會(huì)的直接選 （

8、2）若不會(huì)， 認(rèn)識(shí)劃線詞：查詞時(shí)最好從b)和c)答案查起 不認(rèn)識(shí)劃線詞：劃線詞匯同義注解選項(xiàng) 一定要用好詞典中的“同義詞”部分或者英英詞典（或英英部分）。 （3）若查不到，一定要查英漢部分，查出漢語(yǔ)詞義，然后再選。 3.3 解題技巧及舉例 （1）不要把詞匯選項(xiàng)題做成翻譯句子題。 （2）詞匯選項(xiàng)題需要注意的原則： 1）（不）及物性一致的原則。 也就是說(shuō)劃線單詞或詞組如果是（不）及物動(dòng)詞或詞組，那么所選的動(dòng)詞或詞組也必須是（不）及物動(dòng)詞或詞組。 如：we should not complain about taxes. a. fell unhappy b. say bad things c. ca

9、re d. praise 2）單（復(fù)）數(shù)一致的原則。 passengers and planes are often equipped with ship-to-shore or air-to-land radio telephones. a. highways b. railroads c. sailboats d. aircraft 3）時(shí)態(tài)一致原則。 he left for shanghai yesterday. a. come b. went c. gets d. rising 在這道題中，a，c，d答案與劃線單詞的時(shí)態(tài)不一致， 故正確答案為b。 4）意義一致原則。這是一個(gè)基本原則，意

10、思相近的詞才能入選正確答案。 5）詞性一致原則。 in this match，he is likely to win. a. perhaps b. possible c. friendly d. deadly （3）查找字典，確定正確答案。 詞匯題一般情況下僅憑字典一般也能做對(duì)，因此考生對(duì)自己不認(rèn)識(shí)、不熟悉或沒(méi)有絕對(duì)把握的題一定要通過(guò)字典來(lái)確認(rèn)，從而確保詞匯題100%的正確率。 在查字典的過(guò)程中還是要注意個(gè)別問(wèn)題： 1）題肢選項(xiàng)查找的順序問(wèn)題。 2）選項(xiàng)在字典中義項(xiàng)的確定問(wèn)題。 3）要準(zhǔn)確掌握一條線劃一個(gè)詞，劃兩個(gè)詞，劃三個(gè)詞和劃四個(gè)詞的查詞典的方法和技巧,具體是: 兩個(gè)詞時(shí)：不查副詞，介詞，

11、查名詞和動(dòng)詞。 三個(gè)詞時(shí)：不查副詞，介詞，查名詞和動(dòng)詞。 四個(gè)詞時(shí): 不查副詞，介詞，查名詞和動(dòng)詞。 4）在確定了正確答案之后，其他選項(xiàng)就不必再查了。 查詞舉例： 認(rèn)識(shí)劃線詞：查詞時(shí)最好從b)和c)答案查起 不認(rèn)識(shí)劃線詞：劃線詞匯同義注解選項(xiàng) 例1.she always finds fault with everything. (2011綜合a、b級(jí)) a. simplifies b. evaluates c. criticizes d. examines 例2.jane said that she couldnt tolerate the long hours.(2011綜合類a級(jí)、b級(jí))

12、a. spend b. stand c. take d. last 4、備考策略 4.1 單詞記憶 大綱要求詞匯從4000-6000 平時(shí)單詞的積累： 單詞書(shū)：以類記或者以詞根詞綴排列 高頻詞：熟記其意思、搭配以及用法 視頻課程：結(jié)合講解記憶高頻詞 4.2 詞根詞綴的學(xué)習(xí) 記憶單詞困難猜測(cè)單詞 記憶簡(jiǎn)單的詞根詞綴 （英語(yǔ)的單詞有很明顯的構(gòu)詞特征） 猜個(gè)八九不離十 4.3 基本的語(yǔ)法的了解 詞匯選項(xiàng)這一塊能用到的語(yǔ)法不多，但是掌握主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)是必須的，可以幫助大家在不懂單詞的情況下不查字典，根據(jù)語(yǔ)法來(lái)直接選答案。 4.4 字典的熟悉 5、重點(diǎn)詞匯 （1）account for=explain

13、理解 minute=slight 細(xì)小 disorder=confusion混亂 accused of=charged with 指控 investigate=look into 調(diào)查 numerous=many 許多 obvious=clear 顯而易見(jiàn) odd=strange 奇怪 participate in=take part in 參加 preserve=keep 保存 previously=before以前 pull up=stop 停止 perceive=notice 注意到 possess=own占有 substantial=significant 實(shí)質(zhì)的 （2）spur=en

14、courage 激勵(lì) coverage=reportage報(bào)道 dimly=faintly 昏暗，模糊 mildly=gently 溫和地 inevitable=certain 不可避免 isolate=solitary 孤立的 call of=cancel取消 make up ones mind=decide決定 now and then =occasionally=sometimes 有時(shí) find fault with=criticize 批評(píng) grasp=take hold of抓住 consideration=account 考慮 tolerate=put up with 忍受 ab

15、andon=give up 放棄 lately=recently最近 （3）manual=physical 人工 harness=utilise（utilize） 利用 resident=occupant 居民 steadily=continuously不斷地 remedy=cure 治療 draft=formulate起草 practically=almost 幾乎 endeavor=try=test嘗試 seldom=rarely 很少而精 readily=willingly 樂(lè)意 shine=polish 擦亮 extract=take out 取出 decent=honest正派 le

16、thal=deadly=fatal 致命的 （4）insist on=demand 堅(jiān)持 speed=velocity快過(guò) physician=doctor 醫(yī)生 particularly=especially特別 safe=secure安全的 branch=pision分支機(jī)構(gòu) abnormal=unusual 不正常的 accelerate=step up 加快 abundant=plentiful 豐富的 accumulate=collect積累 allocate=distribute=assign 分配 childish=immature 幼稚 barren=bare貧瘠 （5）app

17、alling=dreadful討厭的 anyhow=anyway 不管 achieve=attain 通過(guò)努力達(dá)到 capability=ability 能力 in conjunction=together共同 credible=convincing 可信的 diligent=hardworking 勤奮 diverse=varied多種多樣 faulty=wrong有錯(cuò)的 gorgeous=magnificent 極美的 persist=continue 持續(xù) regulate=control 控制 scatter=separate分開(kāi) stand point=point of view 觀

18、點(diǎn) touching=moving 感人的 （6）vanish=disappear消失 phase=stage階段 deter=inhibit=prevent 阻止 porcelain=china 陶瓷 prior to=before在以前 last=past過(guò)去 conscientious=careful 小心的 consolidate=strengthen 鞏固 contaminate=pollute污染 distress=hazard=danger危險(xiǎn) endeavor=try 試圖 eternal=everlasting永恒的 depict=describe描寫(xiě) exhibit=sho

19、w 顯示 待添加的隱藏文字內(nèi)容3 （7）annoy=irritate討厭 deliberately=intentionally 故意地 vague=imprecise模糊的 summit=top of mountain 山項(xiàng) census=count人口普查 duplicate=copy復(fù)制 ban=forbid禁止 legal=lawful 合法的 mock=laugh at 取笑 motive=reasons理由 notably=particularly特別 omit=fail 失敗 orthodox=conventional 正統(tǒng)的 outrageous=unacceptable 不能接

20、受的 scare=frighten 受驚的 （8）hail=acclaim 向歡呼 principal organizers=planners 組織者 postulate=assume假定 extinction=dying out滅絕 abrupt=sudden 忽然 mighty=very strong很強(qiáng) authentically=genuinely真實(shí) eligible=entitled =qualified有資格 assert=state firmly 斷言 permit=allow允許 recommend=propose=suggest建議 regret=sorry 道歉 rely

21、 on=depend on 依賴 remove=take off脫掉 （9）improved=better更好 break=beat打破 provoke=elicit引起 gangster=violent criminals 歹徒 framework=skeleton框架 lure=attraction 吸引 densely=compactly密集地 fascinate=intrigue使。著迷 probe=explore=investigate 考察 settle=solve解決 tremble=shake（shook） 顫抖 widen=broaden變寬 astonish=shock=s

22、urprise吃驚 abide by=stick to 遵守 widen=broaden 變寬 （10） shabby=unfair不公平 uneasy=anxious匆促不安的 demolish=pull down 毀掉 adverse=unfavorable 不利的 concise=short and clear簡(jiǎn)明扼要的 courteous=respectful 尊敬，禮貌 invaluable=extremely useful 無(wú)價(jià)的 insane=crazy荒唐 exhaustive=extremely thorough徹底的 ingenious=original 靈巧的 eligi

23、ble=entitled=qualified 有資格的 wholesome=vigorous=healthy 有活力的 abide by=adhere to=stick to 遵守 without bias=fairly 公正的 terminate=put an end to 結(jié)束 winger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in the kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over england, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while slater has been

24、 named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against usa.both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since josh charnleys effort in their first pool match against england on the opening day.aussie winger jarryd hayne is

25、the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by tuivasa-sheck with eight.but it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.the kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - h

26、as the chance of becoming the first player to win the world cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011.id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said williams.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based web

27、b, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he

28、felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation i

29、nto the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska. baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weather play

30、s an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-

31、day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lo

32、t of turbulence.the balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.they blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the kiwis in manchester.five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was