【素養(yǎng)提升】譯林版高中英語(yǔ)必修一：Unit1 School life Grammar課件.ppt

unit1schoollifegrammar 一 句子的成份 1 主語(yǔ)2 謂語(yǔ)3 賓語(yǔ)4 表語(yǔ)5 狀語(yǔ)6 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)7 定語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) tiredandsleepy iwenttobed hewasshotdead hethoughtitimportant hepushedthedooropen helivesinlondon shallwedoittomorrow sheisabeautifulgirl sheisanexperiencedteacher 由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成 注意時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一致 用在vt的后面 是動(dòng)作的承受者 用在link v后面 表述主語(yǔ)的特征 狀態(tài) 身份等 修飾動(dòng)詞 形容詞 副詞以及全句句子 二 句子的種類 1 簡(jiǎn)單句 只有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 2 并列句 有兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以上 用并列連詞連接起來(lái) 他們的地位是平列的 3 復(fù)合句 有連個(gè)以上的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 其中一個(gè)是主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 其他都是從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 sheislaughing sheopenedthedoor sheisagirl 主 謂 vi 主 謂 vt 賓主 謂 link v 表 sheisagirlandheisaboy sheisagirlandcomesfrombeijing sheiscleverbutdoesn tworkhard ididn tgooutbecauseitrainedalot iwanttobeadoctorwhenigrowup 三 從句 1 thisistrue whathesaidistrue 主語(yǔ)從句 2 thisistrue thisiswhatiwanttosay 表語(yǔ)從句 5 sheisabeautifulgirl sheisagirlwhoisbeautiful 3 iknowthisboy iknowwhatyoumean 賓語(yǔ)從句 4 shelivesinlondon sheliveswherethereisbigtree 狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句 theattributiveclause 1 定義 attributiveclauseisclausetomodifyanunorproninacomplexsentence 2 關(guān)鍵詞 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系副詞 eg thisisthecarwhichheboughtlastyear 先行詞 定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系代詞 eg thisisthehousewhereilived 先行詞 關(guān)系副詞 定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系副詞 whowhomthatwhichwhose whenwherewhy relativepron 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ) 主 whothat賓 whowhomthat定 whose b referringtoanobject 主 whichthat賓 whichthat定 whose a referringtoaperson 不管是人作賓語(yǔ)還是物賓語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞都可以省略 1 thatmiddle agedwoman istalkingtotheheadmasterisournewteacher 2 theguest wehadbeenwaitingforfinallyarrived 3 doyouknowtheboy yourdaughterwritesto 4 iknowayoungman sisterisanurseinthathospital 5 thegirl lifehesavesisnowacollegestudent 6 thisbookisforstudents nativelanguageisnotchinese a who that who whom that who whom that whose whose whose 先行詞為人 1 haveyougotthepresent camethismorning 2 intheweek followedigottoknowtheyoungmanquitewell 3 thankyouverymuchforthepresent yousentme 4 isthistheplace wearegoingtovisit 5 itwasthemeeting importanceididnotrealizeatthetime 6 wevisitedafewfactories productshadagoodmarketinchinatoday b that which that which that which that which whose whose 先行詞為物 that的特殊用法 先行詞為alleverythinganythingnothinganymoreone等不定代詞 指物 先行詞被alleverynosomeanylittlemuch等詞修飾 指物 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾或者先行詞本身為序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí) 先行詞被theonly thelast thevery thesame等修飾的時(shí)候先行詞既有人又有物主句是以who或which等開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句關(guān)系代詞在定于中做表語(yǔ)先行詞為time 次數(shù) 和way 方法 時(shí) 先行詞是way后面關(guān)系代詞可以是that inwhich idideverything icouldtohelpyou hetoldmeall heknowsthereislittle remainstobesaid isthereanyquestion troublesyoumuchnofilm ihaveseenisbetterthanthisone thefirstenglishnovel ireadwasrobinsoncrusoe thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames ihaveeverseen theonlything wewoulddoistogatherallourmoneytohelpthesick thelastplace wevisitedinthecountrysidewasafarm hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools hehadvisited who hasseenthetvfilmdoesn tadmireit whichisthebestbook youcanfind heisnottheman heusedtobe myhometownisnotthevillage itusedtobeisthisthefirsttime you vecometochina thisistheway welookedaftertheorphan ididn tliketheway shespoketome i who be yourclosefriend willtrymybesttohelpyouout hewho do notreachthegreatwallisnotatrueman mr herpinisoneoftheforeignerswho be workinginchina mr smithistheonlyoneofthethoseforeignerswho be workinginchina 主謂一致 1 從句中謂語(yǔ)要注意和先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)和時(shí)態(tài)上的一致2 oneof 復(fù)數(shù)the only oneof 單數(shù) am does are is relativeadverb 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 并在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)成分 表時(shí)間 when表地點(diǎn) where表原因 why 先行詞為reason 注 但在不少情況下 可以不用when 特別是在某些句型和某些狀語(yǔ)從句中可用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句或可以省略whenitwasthefirsttimethatihadserioustroublewithmyboss shemademefeelathomethemoment theday time iarrived istillremembertheday ifirstgottoparis therearemoments iforgetallaboutit thisisthehour theplaceisfullofchildren thisistheplace ifirstmetmr robinson ialwayswantedtohaveasingleroom icoulddomyhomework thisisthedesk iputmybook theywenttotheplace theybelievedtheycouldfindsomefruit thatisthereason ididn tjointheirgroup thatwasthereason macrefusedtospeakatthemeeting when when when where where where why why where iwillneverforgettheday ijoinedtheleague september18 1913istheday wewillneverforget thatwastheday annleftschoolon isthisthefactory yourfatherworks thisisthefactory wevisitedlastyear isthisfactory wevisitlastyear doyouknowthereason hewaslateforschool thatwasthereason macgavemetheotherday thatwasthereason macrefusedtospeakforatthemeeting 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的運(yùn)用和區(qū)別選擇用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞 看先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞秩鐝木渲腥鄙僦髡Z(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ) 則選擇關(guān)系代詞如從句中缺少狀語(yǔ) 則選擇關(guān)系副詞所以 知道是定語(yǔ)從句 現(xiàn)看從句 看從句中是否缺少不可缺少的成分 缺少關(guān)系代詞 不缺少關(guān)系副詞 when which that which that theone that where which that why which that which that prep relativepron a 關(guān)系副詞可以用相應(yīng)的介詞加關(guān)系代詞來(lái)代替b 需要加上介詞句子意思才完整或者固定詞組 c 復(fù)合介詞 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系代詞作從句中介詞的賓語(yǔ) heisthemanwhoiamlookingafter heisthemanwhoiamlookingfor 1 介詞可放關(guān)代前或從句中 一般在不影響句子或詞組的含義時(shí) 介詞可前可后 某些固定詞組短語(yǔ)中 一般不拆開 介詞仍應(yīng)該跟在動(dòng)詞之后 2 若介詞在關(guān)系代詞前 關(guān)系代詞只用whomorwhich 不可用whoorthat 所以表人用prep whom表物用prep which 3 若介詞在從句中 作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)代可省略 若介詞在關(guān)系代之前 關(guān)系代詞不可省 1 when根據(jù)具體情況可拆分成 onwhichinwhichatwhichduringwhich2 介詞必須放在which的前面 10o clockisthetimewhenourplanearrives 10o clockisthetimeatwhichourplanearrives 10o clockisthetimewhichourplanearrivesat 1 where根據(jù)具體情況可拆分成 inwhichonwhichatwhichfromwhich等2 介詞可放which前 也可以放在從句中 thisisthehotelwhereioftenstay thisisthehotelatwhichioftenstay thisisthehotelwhichioftenstayat why拆分的具體情況1 why forwhich2 thereason在主句中作主語(yǔ)不可改成forwhich doyouknowthereasonwhyherefusedtocome doyouknowthereasonforwhichherefusedtocome thereasonwhyherefusedtocomeisnotclear thereasonforwhichherefusedtocomeisnotclear istillremembertheday ifirstgottoparis therearemoments iforgetallaboutit thisisthehour theplaceisfullofchildren thisistheplace ifirstmetmr robinson ialwayswantedtohaveasingleroom icoulddomyhomework thisisthedesk iputmybook theywenttotheplace theybelievedtheycouldfindsomefruit thatisthereason ididn tjointheirgroup thatwasthereason macrefusedtospeakatthemeeting onwhich atwhich duringwhich inwhich inwhich inwhich forwhich forwhich onwhich iwillneverforgettheday ijoinedtheleague september18 1913istheday wewillneverforget thatwastheday annleftschoolon isthisthefactory yourfatherworks thisisthefactory wevisitedlastyear isthisfactory wevisitlastyear doyouknowthereason hewaslateforschool thatwasthereason macgavemetheotherday thatwasthereason macrefusedtospeakforatthemeeting 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的運(yùn)用和區(qū)別選擇用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞 看先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞秩鐝木渲腥鄙僦髡Z(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ) 則選擇關(guān)系代詞如從句中缺少狀語(yǔ) 則選擇關(guān)系副詞所以 知道是定語(yǔ)從句 現(xiàn)看從句 看從句中是否缺少不可缺少的成分 缺少關(guān)系代詞 不缺少關(guān)系副詞 when which that which that theone that where which that why which that which that onwhich inwhich forwhich 1 ifyoumovetothathouse youwillhaveneighbors yourwifeistoquarrel 2 doyouknowthecomrade wearetalking 3 theknife wecutthebreadisverysharp 4 hisnaughtygrandsonhastakenawayhisglasses theoldmancanseenothing 5 thisistheworker thebookwaswritten 6 theyellowriveristhesecondlongestriverinchina morethan10bridgeshavebeenbuilt 7 theman ilearnedthenews isanengineer 8 that sthequestion theclasswillhaveadiscussion 9 itrainedallnightandallday whichtimetheshipbrokeintopieces 10 heisaman noonehasbetterrighttospeak b withwhom towhom withwhich withoutwhich bywhom overwhich fromwhom aboutwhich during thanwhom c 1 theprofessorisanordinary lookinglittleman onthenoseofwhomthereisapairofthickglasses 2 therearemanygirlshere noneofwhomlikefootball 3 chinahasalotoffamouswriters oneofwhomisluxun 4 chinahasalotofislands oneofwhichistaiwan 5 thetoweris40metershigh onthetopofwhichwecanseequitealargepartofcity 6 iusedtoliveinahouse infrontofwhichgrewatalltress 7 ihavealotoffriends someofwhomarecollegestudents 8 isawsometress theleavesofwhichwereblackwithdisease 1 whose在定語(yǔ)從句中作adj 使用 相當(dāng)于所有格的his her its their 2 whose n the n ofwhichthe n ofwhom p s 關(guān)系代詞whose也可以拆分如下 heisthestudentwhosecompositionwonthefirstprize heisthestudentthecompositionofwhomwonthefirstprize ilovethehousewhosewindowsfacethelake ilovethehousethewindowsofwhichfacethelake restrictiveattributiveclause non restrictiveattributiveclause 限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)前面的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行限制修飾 缺少它 意思不能成形 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)前面的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 有無(wú)不改變句子基本含義 在三種情況下只能用非限制定語(yǔ)從句 1 先行詞為專有名詞 人名 地名 2 先行詞為獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西3 整個(gè)句子 which只能放在先行詞之后 一般作主語(yǔ) as可放在先行詞之前 一般作賓語(yǔ) theelephantislikeawall anyonecansee hedidn thastheexam makeshisfathermad as which mr li whoisveryold isourdirector mydaughter whosebody