人教版英語八年級(jí)上冊(cè)第五單元復(fù)習(xí)資料1.doc

人教版英語八年級(jí)上冊(cè)第五單元復(fù)習(xí)資料（1）(2010-09-13 19:38:27)轉(zhuǎn)載標(biāo)簽：文化考點(diǎn)掃描：一）習(xí)慣用語：study for a test 復(fù)習(xí)考試go to the doctor 去看病have/take a piano lesson 上鋼琴課help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事help sb. with sth. 在某方面幫助某人Thank you for sth./doing sth. 為而感謝have/has/had to do =must do 不得不；必須come over to 順便來訪the day after tomorrow 后天keep quiet 保持安靜have a party開晚會(huì)come to the party來參加聚會(huì)go to the concert去音樂會(huì)be free有空-be busy 繁忙的all day = the whole day 整天come to來到would love/like to愿意too much太多play soccer踢足球the science report科學(xué)報(bào)告二）重點(diǎn)句型：1Can you come to my party on Wednesday?你星期三能來參加我的晚會(huì)嗎?2Sorry.I cantI have a piano lesson.對(duì)不起，我不能。我要上鋼琴課。3SureId love to當(dāng)然，我愿意。4Im playing soccer我在踢足球。5.I have too much homework(to do) this weekend 這個(gè)周末我有太多家庭作業(yè)(要做)。6I have to go to the doctor我得去看醫(yī)生。7I cant join you because I have to help my mom.我不能參加，因?yàn)槲乙獛臀覌寢尭苫睢?Im having a piano lesson the day after tomorrow.后天我要上鋼琴課。9Can you come over to my house to discuss the science report.你能來我家討論這份科學(xué)報(bào)告嗎?三）交際用語：Can you come to my birthday party?Yes,Id love to./Sorry,Icant.I have to study for a test.Im sorry. Im playing soccer on Saturday.When is the party? Its at seven thirty.四)主題寫作：情境:你朋友邀請(qǐng)你去干某事,你有事不能去,寫信拒絕并說明理由.詞語點(diǎn)擊：1.lesson: lesn名詞 n. C 功課;課業(yè)Lessons begin at 8:00. 八點(diǎn)鐘開始上課。課程P1(+in/on)She gives the children lessons in music.她給孩子們上音樂課。一節(jié)課;(教科書中的)一課They usually have four lessons in the morning.上午他們通常有四堂課。 教訓(xùn),訓(xùn)誡The young man has learned his lesson and wont drive under the influence again. 小伙子已得到了教訓(xùn),再也不敢酒后開車了。及物動(dòng)詞 vt. 教訓(xùn),訓(xùn)斥Ill lesson you, ! 我要教訓(xùn)你!【積累】與lesson有關(guān)的短語：have alesson上一節(jié)課，give sb. a lesson給某人上課，do ones lesson做功課， teach sb. a lesson給某人一個(gè)教訓(xùn)【辨析】同義詞lesson與class的區(qū)別（一）class與lesson在著重指教學(xué)內(nèi)容“課時(shí)”時(shí)，可互換使用We have four English classes/lessons every week.每周我們上四節(jié)英語課。There are no classes/lessons on Sunday.星期天沒有課。（二）表示班級(jí)、同學(xué)們、開始上課、課堂、課堂活動(dòng)時(shí)只能用classThere are fifteen classes in our school.我們學(xué)校有15個(gè)班級(jí)。Good morning,Class!同學(xué)們，早上好。Class begin at 9:00 in the morning.上午9點(diǎn)開始上課。Dont talk in class.課堂上不要講話。（類似短語：after class課后；out of class課外；）（三）表示課、第幾課、學(xué)科、科目、功課時(shí)只能用lesson.Please read the first lesson.請(qǐng)讀第一課。There are 120 lessons in Book One.第一冊(cè)書有120課。We study Chinese,Maths,English and other lessons.我們學(xué)習(xí)語文、數(shù)學(xué)、英語和其它一些學(xué)科。I can help you with your lessons.我能幫你學(xué)習(xí)功課。The girl is doing her lessons.這個(gè)女孩正在做她的功課。2.sure: u 形容詞 adj. 確信的,有把握的 +(that)+wh-(+about/of)Im not sure whether our team will win. 我不能肯定我隊(duì)是否能贏。We are sure of his honesty. 我們確信他是誠實(shí)的。 一定的,必定的 +to-vShe is sure to write to you. 她一定會(huì)給你寫信的。 確實(shí)的;可靠的One thing is sure, he wont let you down.有一點(diǎn)是確定的,那就是他不會(huì)讓你失望。Exercise is a sure way of losing weight. 運(yùn)動(dòng)是減肥的可靠辦法。副詞 adv.【美】【口】的確;一定;當(dāng)然Its sure cold outside. 外面實(shí)在很冷?！痉e累】be sure to do sth.一定、務(wù)必做某事； be sure +that從句，（例如：Im sure that the weather will change soon.我有把握說天氣馬上會(huì)變的。）；Make sure+that從句“務(wù)必，確信”。3.another: n形容詞 adj. 又一,再一He drank another glass of beer.他又喝了一杯啤酒。 另一;另外的Thats another matter.那是另外一回事。代詞 pron.又一個(gè),再一個(gè)The little boy finished his cake and asked for another. 小男孩吃完自己的餅后,要求再吃一塊。 另一個(gè)I dont like this one, please show me another.我不喜歡這個(gè),請(qǐng)給我另一個(gè)【注意】another+數(shù)目+名詞=數(shù)目+more+名詞,表示“額外，再，又”例如：another two hours= two more hours再加兩個(gè)小時(shí)4.whom: hu:mpron.(who的賓格)在句中做賓語。I only confide in those whom I can trust. 我僅信賴我能相信的人。【注意】在介詞后必須用whom；whom放在句首可用who來代替。例如：With whom did you go hiking yesterday?你昨天和誰一起出行的？Whom /Who will you ask for help?你將向誰求助？5.join: din1）及物動(dòng)詞 vt. 連結(jié);使結(jié)合(+to/together/up)He joined the two pieces of wood together with glue.他用膠水將這兩塊木料粘在一起。和.一起做同樣的事;和.作伴(+in/for)Will you join us for dinner?你和我們一起吃晚飯好嗎?參加;作.的成員Ill advise him to join our club. 我將建議他加入我們的俱樂部。2）不及物動(dòng)詞 vi. 會(huì)合;相遇Where do the two rivers join?這兩條河在什么地方會(huì)合? 鄰接The two estates join at the foot of the hill.這兩處房地產(chǎn)在山腳下相毗連。3）名詞 n. 接合點(diǎn);接連處CThe joins can hardly be seen.接縫幾乎看不出來。【辨析】take part in 與join的區(qū)別：take part in 意為“參加，參與（某事物或某活動(dòng)）比如說參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。例如：How many countries will take part in the World Cup?有多少個(gè)國家要參加世界杯？ join意為“參加（某組織），加入（某處任職），參加到某個(gè)人群中去，從而成為其中一員”。例如：She joined a health club. 她參加了一個(gè)健身俱樂部。6.invitation: ,invitein名詞 n. (+to)+to-v 邀請(qǐng), 請(qǐng)?zhí)?其后長(zhǎng)接介詞to表示“對(duì)的邀請(qǐng)”。例如：She received an invitation to the party.她接到參加聚會(huì)的邀請(qǐng)。They sent out 200 invitations to their wedding.他們發(fā)出了兩百張婚禮請(qǐng)?zhí)?。Invite是invitation的名詞形式，常構(gòu)成“invite sb. to do sth.”表示“邀請(qǐng)某人做某事”。例如：He invited several of his friends to the show.他邀請(qǐng)了幾個(gè)朋友去看表演。7.training：treini名詞 n.訓(xùn)練;鍛煉,培養(yǎng) (+in/for)She was given some quick training at the vocational school.她在職業(yè)學(xué)校受過速成訓(xùn)練?！就卣埂縯rain是training的動(dòng)詞形式。trainer訓(xùn)練者，教練trainee受訓(xùn)者8.call: k:l1）動(dòng)詞 v. (大聲)叫喊,呼叫(+out)Come on, she called out. 快,她喊道。呼喚;召喚;召集Shall I call you a taxi? 我給你叫輛出租車好嗎? 打電話給(+up)Call me at the office this afternoon.午后打電話到我辦公室來。把.叫做,稱呼She called him Joe. 她稱他喬。順便到.,拜訪(+at/in/on)I promised to call on her after the examination.我答應(yīng)考試后去看望她。2）名詞 n. C 呼叫,喊叫;鳴We heard a call for help. 我們聽到呼救的聲音。 (一次)電話,通話She made a long-distance call to Hong Kong.她打長(zhǎng)途電話到香港。(短暫的)訪問(+on/at);(車、船等的)?？?+at)The ship will make calls at several ports. 該船將在數(shù)個(gè)港口停靠。9.match: mt 名詞n.比賽,競(jìng)賽,火柴, 導(dǎo)火線Our side beat the other in the match. 我方在競(jìng)賽中擊敗了對(duì)方。 動(dòng)詞v.和.相配,和.相稱The color of the shirt does not match that of the tie.襯衫的顏色與領(lǐng)帶不相配。Can you match the words with their meanings?你能把這些單詞和它們的意思配對(duì)嗎？10.whole: hul 1）形容詞 adj. 全部的,全體的,所有的Im deeply sorry about the whole business. 對(duì)整個(gè)事情我深感遺憾。整個(gè)的;完整的;無缺的,無損的He was surprised to find himself whole after the car accident.他很驚訝自己在車禍中毫發(fā)未傷。整整的 He spent two whole years writing the novel.他花了整整兩年寫那本小說。2)名詞 n.全部,全體the S(+of)The whole of China was full of sadness after the earthquake.地震之后全中國人充滿了憂傷。【辨析】whole和all的用法及區(qū)別：這兩個(gè)詞意思相近。但與限定詞和名詞連用時(shí)，它們的詞序各不相同。試比較：“all+限定詞+名詞” “限定詞+whole+名詞”1)all與whole都可以和單數(shù)名詞連用。例如：Maryspentallthesummerathome. 瑪麗整個(gè)夏天都是在家里度過的。也可以說成：Maryspentthewholesummerathome.allmylife我的一生=mywholelife2)all通常與不可數(shù)物質(zhì)名詞連用，而whole則不能。例如：正：Janehasdrunkallthemilk.誤：Janehasdrunkthewholemilk. 珍妮喝光了所有的牛奶。Youcaneasilyspendawholedaythere. (whole多與可數(shù)名詞連用)你可以輕松地在那里呆上一整天。但有些抽象名詞前可用whole。例如：Canyoutellmethewholetruth？(=Canyoutellmeallthetruth?)你能告訴全部事實(shí)真相嗎？ 3)thewholeof或all(of)可放在專有名詞，代詞和限定詞之前。例如：Thewholeof/AllofLondonwasunderwater. 整個(gè)倫敦都被水淹沒。11.over: uvprep.adv. 在.之上,在正上方; (覆蓋)在.上面; 越過.; 從一邊至另一邊; 超過,多余（=more than）；adj. 結(jié)束的,完了的We live over a small bookstore.我們住在一家小書店的樓上。A plane flew over the house. 一架飛機(jī)飛過了房子。She stepped over to the other side to avoid meeting him.她走到大街另一邊,避免與他相遇The number of the students in our school is over 1,000.我校的學(xué)生人數(shù)超過了一千。Summer is over. It is autumn now.夏天過去了。秋天到了?！就卣埂縪ver-前綴 pref. 超過,越過過度，在上面,在上空例如：overage 過老的overall 總的overdo 過度overdrink 飲過量overeat 吃過量overpopulation 人口過剩oversea 外國的oversleep 睡過頭overspeed 超速overspend 超支overuse 使用過度overtime 超時(shí)，etc.12.free:fri:1)形容詞adj. 空閑的（反義詞為busy）Im quite free this evening.我今晚沒有事。 免費(fèi)的They enjoy free medical care.他們享受免費(fèi)醫(yī)療。 自由的;不受控制的He felt himself at last absolutely free.他終于覺得自己完全自由了。閑置的;未被占用的Is that seat free?那個(gè)座位有人嗎?2)動(dòng)詞vt.使自由;解放(+from)Abraham Lincoln freed the slaves.亞伯拉罕林肯解放了奴隸人教版英語八年級(jí)上冊(cè)第五單元復(fù)習(xí)資料（2）(2010-09-13 19:41:22)轉(zhuǎn)載標(biāo)簽：雜談火眼金睛：1.可能不可能：maybe與may be用法的區(qū)別:(一) may 是一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后面接動(dòng)詞原形，表示推測(cè)，有“可能；或許”的意思。如：She may go to school this afternoon.今天下午她或許去上學(xué)。maybe 是一個(gè)副詞，意為“大概；也許”相當(dāng)于perhaps，通常用于句首，有時(shí)也放在句中或句末,在句中作狀語。如：Maybe he can come.他可能會(huì)來。may和be 如果分開寫，就是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 may +系動(dòng)詞be，在句中作謂語動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，譯為“可能是”。如：He may be a student.他可能是一個(gè)學(xué)生。（二）比較以下各組句子，含義相同，但結(jié)構(gòu)不同：(1)你也許是對(duì)的。 Maybe you are right. You may be right.(2)他可能迷路了。 Maybe he has lost the way.He may have lost the way.It may be that he has lost the way.（三）maybe 可單獨(dú)用作答語，但 may be 不能這樣用。如：A：Do you think hell come back? 你認(rèn)為他會(huì)回來嗎?B：Maybe. (Maybe not.) 也許會(huì)回來吧(也許不會(huì)回來吧)B2.“試試”行不行：try作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“試圖，努力，設(shè)法”。常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：try to do sth.和try doing sth.兩者用法有些差別：try to do 表面的意思是; 試著做某事，但實(shí)際上的意思是：努力想做成某事。比如，I tried to escape,but I failed. 我努力著想逃走，但是沒有成功。而try doing 表面意思也是:試著做某事，但實(shí)際意思是：（為了達(dá)到另外的一個(gè)目的）做某種嘗試看行不行。 比如，-So hot here,isnt it?-Yes,why not try turning on the air conditioner?很熱，是吧。 “嗯，就是。咱們開開空調(diào)吧，看看能不能涼快點(diǎn)兒?！盜 tried using English everyday to improve my oral English.“我每天都說英語，看對(duì)我的口語有沒有一點(diǎn)兒提高。”或者“為了提高口語水平，我每天都說英語。”總之，一句話，就是try to do 是那種“全力以赴，殫精竭慮的干某事”的意思，并且，似乎一般都是沒有成功的，有一種，“本來很想怎么怎么樣，可最后白忙一通兒”的這種感覺。而try doing是那種“（試著）怎么怎么樣，看看某種方案對(duì)另外一個(gè)結(jié)果有沒有幫助”的意思，說白了，只是提出一種方案而已，我感覺如果你哪怕把try doing 理解成 do，意思都還基本是一樣的 。就像上面那句 ：-So hot here,isnt it?-Yes,why not try turning on the air conditioner?也可說成： -So hot here,isnt it?- Yes,why not turn on the air conditioner?3.“今天”無煩惱：“Whatstoday？”是問星期、日期、還是節(jié)日呢？“今天”可有點(diǎn)麻煩啦！ Whats today？是問：“今天是幾月幾號(hào)，星期幾？”答的時(shí)候要先答星期，再答月份，然后是幾號(hào)，最后才是年份。例如，可以回答：Its Monday,January the 18th,2010.今天是星期一，2010年1月18日。問日期時(shí)這樣說：Whats todays date?Whats the date today?問星期時(shí)應(yīng)該說：“What day is it today”或者“What day is it?”而Whats the day today?是問“今天什么節(jié)日？”回答 節(jié)日，比如國慶節(jié) National Day等等4.“運(yùn)動(dòng)”有規(guī)則：game,match和sport各行其道game主要指決出勝負(fù)的游戲，通常有一套規(guī)則，凡參加者均要遵守。如： Lets go and watch the football game (match). 咱們?nèi)タ醋闱蛸惏?。在英國match通常指比賽，而在美國game通常指比賽，另外game作復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)一般指大型的國際體育運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。如： the Olympic Games 奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)sport多指戶外的游戲或娛樂活動(dòng)，如打球、跳高、游泳、釣魚、打獵、賽馬等。如：Skating is one of the winter sports.滑冰是冬季運(yùn)動(dòng)中的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。sport作復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)可以和meet, day連用， 指運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。如： sportsmeet或sports day。5.花開“別”樣紅：Bother ,the othe,others,another好像都有“別的”這個(gè)意思，你能分清嗎？ （1）another既可作形容詞又可作代詞，泛指“再一個(gè)，又一個(gè)”，表示“總數(shù)為三個(gè)以上中任意的另一個(gè)”，表示泛指，可以單獨(dú)使用。作定語時(shí)，修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，其前不加冠詞。This dress is dirty,please change another one for me.這件裙子臟了，再給我換一件吧。（2）the other表示“兩個(gè)數(shù)量中的另一個(gè)”，表示特指，總數(shù)為倆；它可以單獨(dú)使用，也可用the other+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。例如;His parents both work in a hospital. One is a doctor and the other is a nurse.他父母都在一家醫(yī)院工作。一個(gè)是醫(yī)生，一個(gè)是護(hù)士。（父母為兩個(gè)人）(3)others用于泛指一些人或事物中其他的，可單獨(dú)使用或用other+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞來代替。注意others后面不可直接加名詞。例如：Some students like English and other students (others) like physics.有些學(xué)生喜歡英語，有些學(xué)生喜歡物理。We must think more of others.我們必須多想想別人。 （同學(xué)們：這可是好品質(zhì)哦?。?）the others指一定范圍內(nèi)其余所有的人或物，表示特指。也可用the other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)來代替。This dictionary is better than the others. 這本詞典比別其余的好?！狙a(bǔ)充】else adv.別的. (用于疑問詞、不定代詞后)其他,另外Im going to take you somewhere else. 我要帶你去別處。I dont think there is anything else we need to discuss tonight.我認(rèn)為今晚我們不需討論別的事了。Is there anything else you want?你還要些別的什么嗎?Who else is there in the house?屋子里還有誰?someone elses books (別人的書)6.風(fēng)云“聚”義廳：本單元重點(diǎn)句子釋義集錦：1.Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon? Sure, Id love to.星期六的下午你能來參加我的聚會(huì)嗎？當(dāng)然，我非常樂意。翻譯:星期天你能和我一起去看電影嗎？對(duì)不起，我得去看我的姑姑。2. May I ask you some questions? Sure. / Of course. /Certainly.我可以問您一些問題嗎？當(dāng)然可以。翻譯：我能用一下您的鋼筆嗎？當(dāng)然可以。3.I would love to go to your party. 我愿意參加你的聚會(huì)。翻譯：我倒是希望明天能來，但恐怕來不了。4. She isnt very well these days and has to stay home.她這幾天身體不太好，只好呆在家里。翻譯：我們必須去幫助他擺脫困境。5. We can learn what we did not know. 我們能夠?qū)W會(huì)原來不知道的東西。翻譯：我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)如何學(xué)習(xí)。6. Thank you for inviting me. =Thanks for asking (having, inviting)謝謝你邀請(qǐng)我。翻譯：謝謝你們來看我。7. Maybe another time.或許下一次吧。翻譯：這件外套太小，請(qǐng)?jiān)俳o我拿一件。8. Can she go to the movies? No, she cant. Shes playing soccer.她能去看電影嗎？不，她不能。她要踢足球。翻譯：他們能去音樂會(huì)嗎？不，他們不能。他們要去參加聚會(huì)。9. Read these dialogues and find out about another kind of football.朗讀這些對(duì)話，找出有關(guān)另一種足球的語句。翻譯：我去查一下火車什么時(shí)候到。10.She and I are both students. 我和她都是學(xué)生。翻譯：我們倆都必須學(xué)好英語。我們應(yīng)該感謝你們倆。（Keys:1.Can you go to the movie with me on Sunday? Sorry,I have to visit my aunt.2.May I use your pen? Sure. / Of course. /Certainly.3.I would love to come tomorrow,butIm afraid I cant.4.We have to help him get out of the trouble.5.We should learn how we learn.6.Thank you for seeing me.7.This coat is too small,please give me another one.8.Can they go to the concert?No,they cant.Theyre going to a party.9.Illfind out when the train arrives.10.We should both learn English well./Both of us should learn English well.We should thank you both.）語法聚焦：（一）have to 的用法(1)have to 與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，它可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用has to,其余人稱用have to;一般過去時(shí)中用had to;一般將來時(shí)中用will have to.(2)比較have to和must: 兩詞都是必須的意思，have to 表示客觀的需要， must 表示說話人主觀上的看法，即主觀上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請(qǐng)來。(客觀上需要做這件事)He said that they must work hard.他說他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事） have to有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。但must 可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義