Unit6 Section A

八年級(jí)（下）英語學(xué)科導(dǎo)學(xué)案主備人：趙亞輝 課型：新授課審核人：關(guān)學(xué)偉 時(shí)間：2011.04.30Unit 6How long have you been collecting shells?(Section A)教師寄語：Custom makes all things easy.有個(gè)好習(xí)慣，事事皆不難。一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) 1) 單詞與短語collect shell marathon skate pair since raise several.2)目標(biāo)句型：1. How long have you been doing? 2. Ive been doingsince3. How long did sb. do? 4. He / She did sth. for3) 語法現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn) 1教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 2教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。三、知識(shí)鏈接一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。四、學(xué)法指導(dǎo)：通過小組合作學(xué)習(xí)，探究討論，結(jié)合導(dǎo)學(xué)案及相關(guān)資料理解各知識(shí)點(diǎn)，掌握本節(jié)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容。五、導(dǎo)學(xué)過程：1. 組長(zhǎng)帶領(lǐng)組員預(yù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。2. 組長(zhǎng)帶領(lǐng)組員通讀課本from page 44 to 46,理解其含義并完成表格。3. 組長(zhǎng)帶領(lǐng)組員熟讀課文，并指定課堂朗讀人選。4. 組長(zhǎng)帶領(lǐng)組員找出課本(from page 44 to 46)的重要短語、句子。 并指定課堂展示人選。5. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(一)引入1) I stood here 5 minutes ago. 2) I am standing here now. 合并：I _ _ _ here for 5 minutes.3) I will stand here for a while.(二)含義：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)下去?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子中多用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如：live，learn，study，work等。常和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用（for, since）。 past now future(三)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has been doing sth.助v. 過分 進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在完成(1)I have been learning English for ten years. 我學(xué)英語已經(jīng)十年了。(2)I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old. 我從十歲起就一直在集郵。(3)Have you been doing your homework since this morning? 從今天早晨起你就一直在寫作業(yè)吧？(4)Has he been writing the letters to his friend? 他是一直在給他的朋友寫信嗎？(5)I havent been seeing films for a long time. 我有很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒有看電影了。（表明沒有看電影這個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還要繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。）思考：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)嗎？-(四)時(shí)間狀語：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)常和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用（for, since），對(duì)一段時(shí)間提問用how long.1) for +一段時(shí)間2) since + 過去的點(diǎn)時(shí)間，since 9:00, since last Sunday, since 3 days ago 從句（一般過去時(shí)態(tài)）She has been skating since four hours ago.She has been skating since she got here.He has been studying since 9:00.He has been living here since last Sunday.for +一段時(shí)間與since+一段時(shí)間+ago轉(zhuǎn)換：She has been skating for four hours.= She has been skating since four hours ago.(五)句型：He has been living here since last Sunday.1)否定句： 3）簡(jiǎn)略回答： 4）劃線提問： (六)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：新課標(biāo)第一網(wǎng)(1) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)下去，側(cè)重的是動(dòng)作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行。與for/since短語和since從句連用。(2) 一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系，只和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last Friday, three days ago, in 1998等。 I have been skating for five hours.（一直都在滑，現(xiàn)在還在滑，有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)滑下去）I skated for five hours. （過去滑過5個(gè)小時(shí)，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。）(七)練習(xí)： 1）The running marathon _(go) for three hours from this morning. 2) I have been dancing for 5 hours.(同義句) I have been dancing 5 hours . 3）Hes been collecting kites since he was ten years old. (劃線提問) _ _ _ he been collecting kites?4)Mr Zhang went to London 2 years ago. He is living there now. (同義句) Mr Zhang _ _ _ in London _ 2 years.5) They have been studying English for ten years. (劃線提問) _ _ _ they been studying English?6)My grandfather has been playing sports _ he was young. A. for B. after C. in D. since7) They have been living in this city_ 3 years ago. A. for B. after C. since D. about8) How long _ they _? A.have, swim B. have, swiming C. have, been swimming D. has, swim6. Alison was the first one to start艾麗森是第一個(gè)開始(滑)的。(1)“be the first / second one to do sth.”表示“是第一/ 二個(gè)做某事的”。He is the last one to leave here. 他是最后個(gè)離開這里的。She was the first one to get to school她是第一個(gè)到校的。(2)to start在這里是動(dòng)詞不定式作定語。7. every和each(1)each兩者或兩者以上中的“每一個(gè)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體。a) adj. 作定語，謂語用三單形式。Each student has a pen in his hand.b)pron.單獨(dú)用或與of 短語連用，作主語，謂語用三單形式。Each has his weakness.Each of the boys finishes his homework.(2)every adj. 只作定語，三者或三者以上中的“每一個(gè)”；強(qiáng)調(diào)整體相當(dāng)于all, 不與of連用?！癳very+單數(shù)名詞”作主語謂語用三單形式。Every student likes playing football.= All the students like playing football.He reads every book in the library.= He reads all the books in the library._ of us has an English-Chinese dictionary.A. Every B. Both C. Each D. AllEveryone should do _ best to win the match.A. his B. their C. her D. theirs8. raise vt. a)募集、籌措 raise sth. for sb. They are raising money for the charity. b)舉起、抬起、提高Raise your hand if you know the answer. c)種植、飼養(yǎng)、養(yǎng)育raise crops/flowers/dogs rise vi. (rose, risen)升起、上升、起立、起床，說明主語自身移向較高的位置。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.六、學(xué)習(xí)小結(jié)我的收獲:_七、達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè)：. 單項(xiàng)選擇1. The flight from Beijing to New York _ at 9:45 am. on Friday. A. gets off B. takes off C. puts up D. gets up 2. _ have you been living here？ For ten years.A. How muchB. How manyC. How longD. How soon3. _ did you first skate? Two years ago.A. WhenB. WhatC. WhyD. How4. I have been skating _ two hours.A. inB. atC. forD.since5. Thanks for _ me the book.A. gaveB. givingC. giveD. to give6. We all helped him with his English so he didnt _ with his study. A. fall offB. fall downC. fall behindD. fall over 7. Mr Green _ in China since five years ago. A. livedB. has been livingC. livesD. is going to live 8. is the meeting going to last? -About twenty minutes. A. How farB. How soon C. How long D. How often9. What shall we do now? for a walk? A. Hows about to go B. What about to goC. Hows about going D. What about going10. Do you have another way of the child? A. teachingB. to teach C. teaches D. teach11. There _ a pair of sports shoes under the bed.A. are B. is C. have D. has12. There are many trees on _ sides of the road. A. each B. every C. both D. all.用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1.How long _ your father_ (work) in the factory? Since he _ (leave) college.2. How long _ you _ (listen) to music last night?3. When _you _ (attend) the after-school club?